跨文化交際中語言禁忌課件

成員：苗茜茜

王慧婷

宋嘉LinguisticTabooinCross-culturalCommunication成員：苗茜茜LinguisticTabooinCrosIntroductionTaboo,acomplicatedcultural

phenomenon,existsinallhumansocieties.Linguistictaboo,asanintegralpartof

language,isnotonlyalinguisticphenomenonbutalsoasocialphenomenon.

Incross-culturalcommunication,itisimpossibletobeindifferenttolinguistictaboo.Neglectingtaboowillresultinculturalconflictorevenculturalshock.IntroductionTaboo,acomplicatDefinitionTabooisacertainexpressionorbehaviorthatshouldbeavoidedincertaincontexts.Someexpressionsrelatedtosocialtaboosarelinguistictaboos.DefinitionTabooisacertaineLinguisticTabooin

Cross-culturalCommunicationLinguistictaboosAddressPregnantOldDiseasesDeathSexExcretionDailylifeSwearwordNumberDiscriminationPrivacyOthertaboosLinguisticTabooin

Cross-cultAddress

InChinese,theancestors’andtheoldergeneration’snamescannotbereferreddirectly.爸爸，媽媽，爺爺，姥姥，姑姑，阿姨，舅舅，叔叔總經(jīng)理，董事長，廠長王總，張局長，李處長

IntheEnglishculture,theyoungergenerationcanrefertheeldergeneration’snamedirectly.Itshowsthattheyareequal,friendlyandintimate.Thewordslikegod,heaven,Christ,Jesusareholyandrespectableandcan’tbereferreddirectly.AddressInChinese,th跨文化交際中語言禁忌課件跨文化交際中語言禁忌課件

Pregnant

Sheisinaninterestingcondition(1980)Sheisinadelicatecondition.(1895)Sheisknittinglittlebooties(1910)Sheisinafamilyway(1920)Sheispregnant/anticipating/enceinte/expectant/expecting“有喜了”懷孕孕婦分娩有了

PregnantSheisOldcomplement“老當(dāng)益壯”、“老驥伏櫪，志在千里”Intelligent,authoritativeandknowledgable“老中醫(yī)”“不聽老人言，吃虧在眼前”“老馬識途”“姜還是老的辣”“老張”“老孫”是漢語中特有的稱呼方式，Sick,disableanduseless“Old”canbesubstitutedbysenior,thelong-lived,elderlymen,adistinguishedgentlemanOldcomplementDiseases“掛彩”（北方）“帶花”（南方）“抱恙”“不適”“欠安”“腿腳不方便”“耳朵背”“眼睛不太好”“吃藥”“吃好茶”。在香港探望病人時(shí)，忌送劍蘭、梅花等花束。B.O.(BodyOdor);C.C.(cancer);VD(venerealdisease);SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome);AIDS(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)TB(tuberculosis);MD(Mentaldeficiency)aslowlearner(astupidstudent);aspecialstudent(adisablestudent);avisuallyretardedstudent(ablindstudent);thehandicapped(thecrippled)Hedoesn’tfeelwell(Heisill)Diseases“掛彩”（北方）“帶花”（南方）“抱恙”“India——Tosavedisabledchildrenwithtotalsolareclipse在印度卡納塔克邦古爾伯加地區(qū)，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)日全食時(shí)，一些癱瘓兒童的身體被部分埋入一堆肥料之中。當(dāng)?shù)厝讼嘈牛杖衬軌蛑斡麄兊陌c瘓。India——TosavedisabledchildrDeathDeath“安息”、“仙逝”、“夭折”、“長眠”、“作古”、“永別”、“辭世”、“逝世”、“過世”、“走了”、“老了”、“不在了”、“出遠(yuǎn)門了”、“沒了”“崩”“薨”“卒”“不祿”Funeral

人們特意加“壽”字以破不祥。有些人忌諱說“棺材”而改稱為“壽材”、“壽器”或“長生板”passaway,gotoanotherworld,gotosleepforever,returntodust,bewithGod,expire,decease,perish,cutoffDeathDeathpassaway,InUkraine,ifyouintenttosendflowers,youmustensurethatthenumberofflowersisodd.Becausetheevennumberissenttothefuneral.And,donotsendyellowflowersorEasterlily,becausethesekindsofflowersareonlypreparedforthefuneral.InUkraine,ifyouintenttos多哥——把葬禮辦得像狂歡馬達(dá)加斯加島“翻尸節(jié)”多哥——把葬禮辦得像狂歡馬達(dá)加斯加島“翻尸節(jié)”Madagascar—“famadihana”

世界各地都有各種紀(jì)念逝去親人的方式，像在馬達(dá)加斯加島上，他們死者與生者的聯(lián)系相當(dāng)密切，每隔一段時(shí)間他們就會(huì)舉辦“翻尸節(jié)”。Madagascar—“famadihana”世界各地都有Sex“房事”“同房”“外遇”“走野路”“發(fā)生關(guān)系”“夫妻生活”“云雨”“拈花惹草”“偷吃禁果”“下體””下身”“羞處”“陰部”makelove,inastateofnaturegotobedwith

sleeptogethermyfriend,littlesisternumberthreeSexInCheshireintheUK,thetrainpassengersarenotallowedtowanderinthestationandtofarewellintimatelywhichmeansyouarenotallowedtokissinpublic.Ifyoureallyhavealotofthingstosayorwanttokissgoodbye,youcangotothekissingzone.InCheshireintheUK,thetraExcretion“出恭”“起夜”“解手”“去去就來””去衛(wèi)生間、去洗手間”好朋友，特殊期，來事，大姨媽urination,topiss,tovoid,toempty.tomakeabowelmovement,totakeashit.topee,tomakeapoopoo(children)gotothebathroom/restroom,powderone’sroomExcretion“出恭”“起夜”“解手”“去去就來””去衛(wèi)Number好事成雙，“六“”八““四”的避諱在選擇電話號碼、車牌號碼、門牌號碼時(shí)都會(huì)盡量避過“四”。在臺灣的醫(yī)院里沒有四號樓或四號病房；公共汽車沒有四路；四月忌婚嫁“七”的避諱源于在中國人死后每隔七天要做一次佛事，稱為“作七”直至七七四十九天而止。所以在有些場合，人們是要避過數(shù)字七，比如人們選擇良辰吉日一般避過逢七的日子。Numberthirteenisconsideredtobeunlucky.Nodoor’snumberisthirteen;nohotelhastheNo.13Room;theydon’tallow13peoplehavedinnertogether.Fridayisalsoconsideredasanunluckyday.NotonlybecausetheybelievethatJesusChristwasputtodeathonthecrossonFriday,butalsobecauseFridayisformanyyearsthedayofexecutionofcriminals,commonlycalled“hangman’sday”Number好事成雙，“六“”八“Numberthirte

China

Accordingtoourcustoms，goodthingsshouldbeinpairs。So，itisunpleasanttogiveyourgirlfriendapieceofflowerwhichisonlyasymboloffarewell.

China

Accordingtoourcustom

JapanJapanesedon’tlikethenumbers“4”“6”“9”.Theirpronunciationaresimilarwith“death””idiot””toil”.Itisforbiddentovisitpatientswithrootplantsbecause“root”pronunciationissameassickness”.Japan

RussiaRussianismoreliketoflowersofoddnumber,whichwouldletgirlsveryhappy.Itisbettertogiveboystallstemandcolorfulflower.Russianhatethenumber“13”whichsymbolizedangeranddeath.”7”representsluckandsuccess.RussiaTaboosofflowerTaboosofflower由于各國風(fēng)土人情的差異，不同國家的人們對花語的理解也有差別，對花的顏色、花束的枝數(shù)也有講究，因此，了解各地送花的避忌，對我們的交際應(yīng)酬是很有必要的。

1．在中國的一些傳統(tǒng)年節(jié)或喜慶日子里，到親友家作客或拜訪時(shí)，送的花籃或花束，色彩要鮮艷、熱烈，以符合節(jié)日的喜慶氣氛?？蛇x用紅色、黃色、粉色、橙色等暖色調(diào)的花，切忌送整束白色系列的花束。2．在廣東、香港等地，由于方言的關(guān)系，送花時(shí)盡量避免用以下的花：劍蘭(見難)、茉莉(沒利)。由于各國風(fēng)土人情的差異，不同國家的人們對花語的理解也有差別，6．在法國，他們非常昵愛鳶尾花，視其為國花。當(dāng)你應(yīng)邀到朋友家中共進(jìn)晚餐，切忌帶菊花，菊花代表哀悼，因?yàn)橹挥性谠岫Y上才會(huì)用到，法國人對藍(lán)色偏愛，忌諱黃色；他們很忌諱“13”這個(gè)數(shù)字。意大利人和西班牙人同樣不喜歡菊花，認(rèn)為它是不祥之花，但德國人和荷蘭人對菊花卻十分偏愛。7．英國人一般不愛觀賞或栽植紅色或白色的花。英國人忌諱百合花，并把百合花看作是死亡的象征。亦忌贈(zèng)黃玫瑰，他們認(rèn)為此花象征分離。他們對墨綠色很討厭，認(rèn)為墨綠色會(huì)給人帶來他們懊喪。很忌諱“13”和“星期五”這些數(shù)字與日期。6．在法國，他們非常昵愛鳶尾花，視其為國花。當(dāng)你應(yīng)邀到朋友家Discriminationnigger,niggruh,negro,nigga,colored,boy(黑鬼、黑奴)Now,itispolitetocallblackpeople,African-American.Discriminationnigger,niggruh,PrivacyInwesterncountries,peopleplaceahighvalueonprivacy.Justlikethesayinggo,”Aman’shomeishiscastle”and“Mindyourbusiness”Questionsaboutage,salaryandweightwouldbeconsideredpryingintoone’sprivatelife.

Howoldareyou?/What’syourage?Howmuchdoyoumake?/What’syourincome?What’syourweight?Whereareyoufromandwhereareyougoing?Areyoumarriedorsingle?What’syourreligion?PrivacyInwesterncountries,pOtherTaboosOtherTaboosCambodiaInCambodia,itisimpolitetoeatupallofyourfoodatyourdish,whichindicatesyouareunsatisfiedwithhostess’treatment.CambodiaInJapan,fornoreasoncanyouinsertchopsticksverticallyintothefood.Becausethisisaninauspicioussign.Moreover,itisthoughttobeanimpolitebehaviorwhenyousucktheendofachopstick.InJapan,fornoreasoncanyou匈牙利人(Hungary)敬酒的時(shí)候不會(huì)碰杯，因?yàn)閵W地利人曾經(jīng)在殺害13個(gè)匈牙利烈士后用碰杯而慶祝。之后的150年之內(nèi)，沒有任何一個(gè)匈牙利人在敬酒的時(shí)候碰杯。現(xiàn)在雖然過去很長時(shí)間了，但是這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)還一直保留。匈牙利人(Hungary)敬酒的時(shí)候不會(huì)碰杯，因?yàn)閵W地利人曾泰國人(Thai)將其80歲的國王普密蓬·阿杜德(BhumibolAdulyadej)視為神靈，將其畫像作為護(hù)身符希望給自己帶來好運(yùn)。因此對他的侮辱會(huì)被認(rèn)為是犯罪，會(huì)被判處15年的監(jiān)禁。泰國人(Thai)將其80歲的國王普密蓬·阿杜德(BhumiNewCharactersandFactors★Itcoversabroadcategoryinpractice.★Itincludestaboowordsthatareassociatedwithpeculiarityanduniversality.★Neo-technology★SufficientinformationNewCharactersandFactors★ItThelinkThelinguistictabooisalwaysinvolvedwithallwalksoflifewithitssimilarityanduniqueness.Sothetwopartiesinthatsituationshouldknowandunderstandwhattopicsandmattersshouldbeavoided.ThelinkThelinguistictabooiWaystoavoidlinguistictaboo1.Knowingthebackgroundandcultureoflinguistictabooofdifferentcountries.2.TheinvolverstrytouseeuphemismoreuphemisticwordsWaystoavoidlinguistictabooconclusionLinguistictabooacrosscultureexistsallthetime.Itdevelopswiththesociety.Wecan’tbeafraidofitandawayfromit,butratherweshouldfaceitbravelyandsurviveit.

conclusionLinguistictabooac跨文化交際中語言禁忌課件成員：苗茜茜

王慧婷

宋嘉LinguisticTabooinCross-culturalCommunication成員：苗茜茜LinguisticTabooinCrosIntroductionTaboo,acomplicatedcultural

phenomenon,existsinallhumansocieties.Linguistictaboo,asanintegralpartof

language,isnotonlyalinguisticphenomenonbutalsoasocialphenomenon.

Incross-culturalcommunication,itisimpossibletobeindifferenttolinguistictaboo.Neglectingtaboowillresultinculturalconflictorevenculturalshock.IntroductionTaboo,acomplicatDefinitionTabooisacertainexpressionorbehaviorthatshouldbeavoidedincertaincontexts.Someexpressionsrelatedtosocialtaboosarelinguistictaboos.DefinitionTabooisacertaineLinguisticTabooin

Cross-culturalCommunicationLinguistictaboosAddressPregnantOldDiseasesDeathSexExcretionDailylifeSwearwordNumberDiscriminationPrivacyOthertaboosLinguisticTabooin

Cross-cultAddress

InChinese,theancestors’andtheoldergeneration’snamescannotbereferreddirectly.爸爸，媽媽，爺爺，姥姥，姑姑，阿姨，舅舅，叔叔總經(jīng)理，董事長，廠長王總，張局長，李處長

IntheEnglishculture,theyoungergenerationcanrefertheeldergeneration’snamedirectly.Itshowsthattheyareequal,friendlyandintimate.Thewordslikegod,heaven,Christ,Jesusareholyandrespectableandcan’tbereferreddirectly.AddressInChinese,th跨文化交際中語言禁忌課件跨文化交際中語言禁忌課件

Pregnant

Sheisinaninterestingcondition(1980)Sheisinadelicatecondition.(1895)Sheisknittinglittlebooties(1910)Sheisinafamilyway(1920)Sheispregnant/anticipating/enceinte/expectant/expecting“有喜了”懷孕孕婦分娩有了

PregnantSheisOldcomplement“老當(dāng)益壯”、“老驥伏櫪，志在千里”Intelligent,authoritativeandknowledgable“老中醫(yī)”“不聽老人言，吃虧在眼前”“老馬識途”“姜還是老的辣”“老張”“老孫”是漢語中特有的稱呼方式，Sick,disableanduseless“Old”canbesubstitutedbysenior,thelong-lived,elderlymen,adistinguishedgentlemanOldcomplementDiseases“掛彩”（北方）“帶花”（南方）“抱恙”“不適”“欠安”“腿腳不方便”“耳朵背”“眼睛不太好”“吃藥”“吃好茶”。在香港探望病人時(shí)，忌送劍蘭、梅花等花束。B.O.(BodyOdor);C.C.(cancer);VD(venerealdisease);SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome);AIDS(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)TB(tuberculosis);MD(Mentaldeficiency)aslowlearner(astupidstudent);aspecialstudent(adisablestudent);avisuallyretardedstudent(ablindstudent);thehandicapped(thecrippled)Hedoesn’tfeelwell(Heisill)Diseases“掛彩”（北方）“帶花”（南方）“抱恙”“India——Tosavedisabledchildrenwithtotalsolareclipse在印度卡納塔克邦古爾伯加地區(qū)，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)日全食時(shí)，一些癱瘓兒童的身體被部分埋入一堆肥料之中。當(dāng)?shù)厝讼嘈牛杖衬軌蛑斡麄兊陌c瘓。India——TosavedisabledchildrDeathDeath“安息”、“仙逝”、“夭折”、“長眠”、“作古”、“永別”、“辭世”、“逝世”、“過世”、“走了”、“老了”、“不在了”、“出遠(yuǎn)門了”、“沒了”“崩”“薨”“卒”“不祿”Funeral

人們特意加“壽”字以破不祥。有些人忌諱說“棺材”而改稱為“壽材”、“壽器”或“長生板”passaway,gotoanotherworld,gotosleepforever,returntodust,bewithGod,expire,decease,perish,cutoffDeathDeathpassaway,InUkraine,ifyouintenttosendflowers,youmustensurethatthenumberofflowersisodd.Becausetheevennumberissenttothefuneral.And,donotsendyellowflowersorEasterlily,becausethesekindsofflowersareonlypreparedforthefuneral.InUkraine,ifyouintenttos多哥——把葬禮辦得像狂歡馬達(dá)加斯加島“翻尸節(jié)”多哥——把葬禮辦得像狂歡馬達(dá)加斯加島“翻尸節(jié)”Madagascar—“famadihana”

世界各地都有各種紀(jì)念逝去親人的方式，像在馬達(dá)加斯加島上，他們死者與生者的聯(lián)系相當(dāng)密切，每隔一段時(shí)間他們就會(huì)舉辦“翻尸節(jié)”。Madagascar—“famadihana”世界各地都有Sex“房事”“同房”“外遇”“走野路”“發(fā)生關(guān)系”“夫妻生活”“云雨”“拈花惹草”“偷吃禁果”“下體””下身”“羞處”“陰部”makelove,inastateofnaturegotobedwith

sleeptogethermyfriend,littlesisternumberthreeSexInCheshireintheUK,thetrainpassengersarenotallowedtowanderinthestationandtofarewellintimatelywhichmeansyouarenotallowedtokissinpublic.Ifyoureallyhavealotofthingstosayorwanttokissgoodbye,youcangotothekissingzone.InCheshireintheUK,thetraExcretion“出恭”“起夜”“解手”“去去就來””去衛(wèi)生間、去洗手間”好朋友，特殊期，來事，大姨媽urination,topiss,tovoid,toempty.tomakeabowelmovement,totakeashit.topee,tomakeapoopoo(children)gotothebathroom/restroom,powderone’sroomExcretion“出恭”“起夜”“解手”“去去就來””去衛(wèi)Number好事成雙，“六“”八““四”的避諱在選擇電話號碼、車牌號碼、門牌號碼時(shí)都會(huì)盡量避過“四”。在臺灣的醫(yī)院里沒有四號樓或四號病房；公共汽車沒有四路；四月忌婚嫁“七”的避諱源于在中國人死后每隔七天要做一次佛事，稱為“作七”直至七七四十九天而止。所以在有些場合，人們是要避過數(shù)字七，比如人們選擇良辰吉日一般避過逢七的日子。Numberthirteenisconsideredtobeunlucky.Nodoor’snumberisthirteen;nohotelhastheNo.13Room;theydon’tallow13peoplehavedinnertogether.Fridayisalsoconsideredasanunluckyday.NotonlybecausetheybelievethatJesusChristwasputtodeathonthecrossonFriday,butalsobecauseFridayisformanyyearsthedayofexecutionofcriminals,commonlycalled“hangman’sday”Number好事成雙，“六“”八“Numberthirte

China

Accordingtoourcustoms，goodthingsshouldbeinpairs。So，itisunpleasanttogiveyourgirlfriendapieceofflowerwhichisonlyasymboloffarewell.

China

Accordingtoourcustom

JapanJapanesedon’tlikethenumbers“4”“6”“9”.Theirpronunciationaresimilarwith“death””idiot””toil”.Itisforbiddentovisitpatientswithrootplantsbecause“root”pronunciationissameassickness”.Japan

RussiaRussianismoreliketoflowersofoddnumber,whichwouldletgirlsveryhappy.Itisbettertogiveboystallstemandcolorfulflower.Russianhatethenumber“13”whichsymbolizedangeranddeath.”7”representsluckandsuccess.RussiaTaboosofflowerTaboosofflower由于各國風(fēng)土人情的差異，不同國家的人們對花語的理解也有差別，對花的顏色、花束的枝數(shù)也有講究，因此，了解各地送花的避忌，對我們的交際應(yīng)酬是很有必要的。

1．在中國的一些傳統(tǒng)年節(jié)或喜慶日子里，到親友家作客或拜訪時(shí)，送的花籃或花束，色彩要鮮艷、熱烈，以符合節(jié)日的喜慶氣氛?？蛇x用紅色、黃色、粉色、橙色等暖色調(diào)的花，切忌送整束白色系列的花束。2．在廣東、香港等地，由于方言的關(guān)系，送花時(shí)盡量避免用以下的花：劍蘭(見難)、茉莉(沒利)。由于各國風(fēng)土人情的差異，不同國家的人們對花語的理解也有差別，6．在法國，他們非常昵愛鳶尾花，視其為國花。當(dāng)你應(yīng)邀到朋友家中共進(jìn)晚餐，切忌帶菊花，菊花代表哀悼，因?yàn)橹挥性谠岫Y上才會(huì)用到，法國人對藍(lán)色偏愛，忌諱黃色；他們很忌諱“13”這個(gè)數(shù)字。意大利人和西班牙人同樣不喜歡菊花，認(rèn)為它是不祥之花，但德國人和荷蘭人對菊花卻十分偏愛。7．英國人一般不愛觀賞或栽植紅色或白色的花。英國人忌諱百合花，并把百合花看作是死亡的象征。亦忌贈(zèng)黃玫瑰，他們認(rèn)為此花象征分離。他們對墨綠色很討厭，認(rèn)為墨綠色會(huì)給人帶來他們懊喪。很忌諱“13”和“星期五”這些數(shù)字與日期。6．在法國，他們非常昵愛鳶尾花，視其為國花。當(dāng)你應(yīng)邀到朋友家Discriminationnigger,niggruh,negro,nigga,colored,boy(黑鬼、黑奴)Now,itispolitetocallblackpeople,African-American.Discriminationnigger,niggruh,PrivacyInwesterncountries,peopleplaceahighvalueonprivacy.Justlikethesayinggo,”Aman’shomeishiscastle”and“Mindyourbusiness”Questionsaboutage,salaryandweightwouldbeconsideredpryingintoone’sprivatelife.

Howoldareyou?/What’syourage?Howmuchdoyoumake?/What’syourincome?What’syourweight?Whereareyoufromandwhereareyougoing?Areyou