2022年9月公共英語(yǔ)一級(jí)能力提升練習(xí)

本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯——2022年9月公共英語(yǔ)一級(jí)能力提升練習(xí)Weallhavemomentsofdesperation.Butifwecanfacethemheadon,that’swhenwefindoutjusthowstrongwereallyare.以下是我為大家探尋整理的2022年9月公共英語(yǔ)一級(jí)才能提升練習(xí)，夢(mèng)想能給大家?guī)?lái)扶助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)實(shí)時(shí)關(guān)注我們我!

DropoutsforPh.D.s

EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.

Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated‘becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheinpidualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.’

“Theresultsofourresearch”Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”

1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.

2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.

3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.

Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.

Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.‘swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.‘sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.‘stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.

1.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat

[A]stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus.

[B]thefropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.

[C]thePh.D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.

[D]Thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers.

2.Researchhasshownthat

[A]DropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.‘sinfinancialattainment.

[B]theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.

[C]ThePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.

[D]aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree.

3.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.

[A]isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout.

[B]ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate.

[C]isanessentialpartofmanyPh.D.programs.

[D]doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.

4.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthat

[A]optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.

[B]aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.

[C]collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.

[D]Ph.D.‘sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.

5.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin

[A]salaryforPh.D.toolow.

[B]academicrequirementtoohigh.

[C]salaryfordropoutstoohigh.

[D]1000positions.

Vocabulary

1.dropout輟學(xué)者，中途退學(xué)

2.well-rounded全面的

3.attrition縮/減員，磨損

4.drain枯竭

5.bracket一類人，尤指按收入分類的階層

6.laggingbehindotherfields落后于其它領(lǐng)域

7.glum陰郁的

難句譯注

1.EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.

「參考譯文」教導(dǎo)工嚴(yán)重關(guān)注博士生輟學(xué)的高比率;這對(duì)迫切需要博士生的國(guó)家是一個(gè)人才方面的嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。

2.Itwasbaseon22，000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.

「布局分析」sent過去分詞，修飾questionnaires.Who定語(yǔ)從句修飾students.

「參考譯文」這份全面調(diào)查報(bào)告是以22000份調(diào)查表分送給以前在24所大學(xué)就讀的博士生為根基的。這份全面調(diào)查報(bào)告貌似說明過去大量惦記畏縮是沒有根據(jù)的。

3.AttritionatthePh.D.leverisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.

「布局分析」被動(dòng)句。Tocapacity滿額，全力。

「參考譯文」博士水平的人員的縮減被認(rèn)為是名貴的教授時(shí)間的濫用和已經(jīng)被使用到極限的大學(xué)資源的枯竭。

4.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields，wherePh.D.‘stendtorisetothehighestsalaries，arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.

「布局分析」thefact的同位語(yǔ)that從句中的where是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾academicfields.

「參考譯文」這也可能說明這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：在博士能掙到最高工資的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域中，高工資依舊落后于其它領(lǐng)域。

寫作方法與文章大意

這是一篇論及“博士生輟學(xué)”的文章。采用比較和因果手法。文章一開頭就提出教導(dǎo)工嚴(yán)重關(guān)注博士生輟學(xué)達(dá)50%的問題。而調(diào)查報(bào)告證明，只有31%。輟學(xué)造成不良后果，有人建議中途退學(xué)者回爐再念博士學(xué)位學(xué)業(yè)。研究說明不行。列出理由并加以分析。

答案詳解

1.A.大量教導(dǎo)工感到應(yīng)采取步驟讓輟學(xué)者回校學(xué)習(xí)，更加是有些學(xué)科。這在第三段結(jié)果一句話：“有些人建議高級(jí)專家和大學(xué)教師短缺現(xiàn)象可以通過奉勸輟學(xué)者返回校園完成博士學(xué)位來(lái)裁減。”

B.輟學(xué)者應(yīng)回到稍第幾的學(xué)校去完成學(xué)業(yè)。

C.有博士學(xué)位的人一般比輟學(xué)者具有較好的適應(yīng)性。

D.高輟學(xué)率主要理由在于教師方面缺乏刺激激勵(lì)。這三項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒有提。

2.D.約三分之一開頭就讀博士學(xué)位的人沒有完成學(xué)業(yè)取得學(xué)位。其次段第一句：“輟學(xué)率為31%。大多數(shù)處境下，輟學(xué)人不能完成博士學(xué)位學(xué)業(yè)，就去從事生產(chǎn)性工作”。

A.輟學(xué)者的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入比博士生低大量。這是錯(cuò)的。見倒數(shù)其次段：“作為輟學(xué)者干得真不錯(cuò)的證明，統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表說明2%人文學(xué)科的輟學(xué)者年收入為20000多沒勁，沒有一個(gè)同樣背景的博士生達(dá)成這個(gè)數(shù)字。7000至15000美元