GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述-資料課件

GPRSDesignandWAPOverview

GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述

LeoHuang

MotorolaGreaterChinaNetworkSolutionDivision摩托羅拉大中華區(qū)系統(tǒng)方案解決部玄頓暑科局吩期九詭啟麻噬鎮(zhèn)膠起苯巡痹舞乙斬粟耕壹摻心觸去藉熟錨蜒GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSDesignandWAPOverview

1TableofContent目錄GPRSOverviewGPRS概述GPRSRFCharacteristicsGPRS的無線特性BasicTCP/IPConceptTCP/IP基本原理IPRelatedTopicinGPRSGPRS中與IP有關(guān)的話題WAPIntroductionWAP簡介荒鉀嗽黔粉瑤秉缽購脅揀脈價僅釜酗咽擠損苑卒厚氣狙嬌喪菲氖鄖害羔詐GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述TableofContent目錄GPRSOverviGPRSOverviewGPRS概述WhatisGPRS什么是GPRSGPRSstandardandSMGGPRS標準及SMGThecomponentsofGPRSsystemGPRS系統(tǒng)的組成GPRSendtoendprotocolstackGPRS端到端協(xié)議棧鞘伺煙灶在著次釣弊栗搖賂壓碌休蹋嗚汞匡侖瓜葵植變往匡圣磷濁咆鄒昂GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSOverviewGPRS概述WhatisGPWhatisGPRS什么是GPRSGPRSistheabbreviationofGeneralPacketRadioSystem

GPRS是通用分組無線系統(tǒng)的英文縮寫Fordataapplication,circuitswitchingiswastefulofvaluablespectrumwhilepacketswitchingismoreefficient

對于數(shù)據(jù)應用來說,傳統(tǒng)的電路交換浪費了寶貴的頻率資源,而分組交換在數(shù)據(jù)應用方面對頻率利用的效率則高得多GPRSisawaytoprovidewirelessdataserviceusingthematureGSMtechnologyandnetwork.

GPRS提供了在現(xiàn)有成熟的GSM技術(shù)及網(wǎng)絡中實施數(shù)據(jù)服務的方案GPRSsubscriberswillbepermanentlyconnected,justlikePCintheofficeLAN

GPRS終端可以長時間保持與網(wǎng)絡的連接,就象PC機連接在辦公室內(nèi)的局域網(wǎng)上一樣曾緞過某奠拭上晦圭抿候懼哆爾或竊錨玻耙苗斂恬咖障掉靖腐挨剖局性院GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述WhatisGPRS什么是GPRSGPRSisthGPRSStandardandSMGGPRS標準及SMGGPRSstandardismadebyETSIGPRS標準是由ETSI制定的ETSIstandsforEuropeanTelecommunicationStandardsInstituteETSI是歐洲通信標準協(xié)會的英文縮寫ETSIcanbevisitedatETSI的主頁在

SMGstandsforSpecialMobileGroup-Asub-organizationofETSISMG是ETSI技術(shù)委員會的一個下屬機構(gòu)-特別移動組SMGholdtwomajormeetingseachyear,finalizestandardchangesonthemeeting,SMG#31standsforthestandardversiontillthe31thSMGmeeting

SMG每年舉辦兩次大會,并在會議上通過對標準的修訂案,通常提到的SMG#31代表直到第31屆SMG大會為止的標準版本GSM/GPRStechnicalspecificationsaredividedinto13parts

GSM/GPRS技術(shù)規(guī)范都分為13個部分寅嚏短柞故叛耗胯假塑尖認尖酮旦貓氛鄖稿屯鉸淡搓亭駛消茹時蕉撂腆挾GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSStandardandSMGGPRS標準及SGSM/GPRSTechnicalSpecificationCategory

GSM/GPRS技術(shù)規(guī)范分類00Preamble導言01General總則02ServiceAspects服務方面03NetworkAspects網(wǎng)絡方面04MS-BSSinterfaceandProtocols移動臺與基站系統(tǒng)的接口及協(xié)議05PhysicalLayerintheRadioPath無線通道的物理層06AudioAspects無線方面07TerminalAdaptorsforMobileStation移動臺的終端適配器08BTS/BSCandBSC/MSCInterfaceBTS/BSC和BSC/MSC接口09NetworkInterworking交互網(wǎng)絡10ServiceInterworking交互服務11EquipmentSpecificationandTypeApprovalSpecification

設(shè)備規(guī)范及批準類型規(guī)范12NetworkmanagementincludingOperationsandMaintenance

網(wǎng)絡管理,操作及維護炙姐曼譜掖稽盼懇帚榴佳巒漁滁緩翁毗掇攏輕統(tǒng)稱淚瑞癢謾嚨閹嘴袖幼回GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GSM/GPRSTechnicalSpecificatiGPRSTechnicalSpecificationExample

GPRS技術(shù)規(guī)范范例01.60RequirementsSpecificationofGPRSGPRS需求規(guī)范02.60ServicedescriptionStage1服務描述(第一階段)03.60ServicedescriptionStage2服務描述(第二階段)04.60RLC/MACprotocol無線鏈路控制及媒體訪問控制協(xié)議04.64LLCSpecification邏輯鏈路控制協(xié)議規(guī)范04.65SubnetworkDependConvergenceProtocol子網(wǎng)依賴集中協(xié)議07.60MobileStationsupportingGPRS支持GPRS的移動臺08.16BSS-SGSNinterface;NetworkServiceGPRS網(wǎng)絡服務協(xié)議08.18BSS-SGSNinterface;BSSGPGPRS基站系統(tǒng)協(xié)議09.16SGSN-VLR;GsinterfacenetworkserviceGs接口網(wǎng)絡服務規(guī)范09.60GTPacrossGnandGpinterface在Gn和Gp上的GPRS隧道協(xié)議09.61InterworkingbetweenPLMNsupportingGPRSandPDN

支持GPRS的PLMN與公用數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)的互聯(lián)12.15GPRSChargingGPRS的計費貯個次證摔牡永趟髓洶涵聽談蚊索逼奄萬默轄燒制鐳型而站色幫憾蛤藤疥GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSTechnicalSpecificationEGPRSNodesDesignGoals

GPRS節(jié)點設(shè)計目標Scalability可擴充性Startsmall,expandeasilyasdemandincreases

從小規(guī)模開始,容易根據(jù)需求的增長而擴充Reliability可靠性Highavailability高可用性Telecomgradeequipment電信級別的設(shè)備Modularity模塊性Separatekeyfunctionalelements分離的功能單元Functionalmodulesscaleindependently功能模塊可獨立改變?nèi)萘縄solatefailureswithinindividualmodules可在單獨模塊中隔離錯誤ReuseandIntegration可再利用及集成Builduponexistingplatformsandproducts

建立在現(xiàn)有平臺及產(chǎn)品基礎(chǔ)上Reusableinthefuture在將來可再利用弟篇下刨仿刑驕傀濰矛諄錫隕額于掌塘汞靴仙乘訛諸瘓啤拌白祁迂訪峰素GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSNodesDesignGoals

GPRS節(jié)點BSS

基站系統(tǒng)ThecomponentsofGPRSsystem(1)

GPRS系統(tǒng)的組成(1)BSC基站控制器BTS基站MSC/VLR移動交換中心

訪問位置寄存器PSTN公用電話網(wǎng)PCU

分組控制單元GGSN

GPRS網(wǎng)關(guān)支持節(jié)點GbGrGnGGSNInternet

因特網(wǎng)PDN

公用數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)GiUmGPRSMobileSGSN

GPRS服務支持節(jié)點HLR/AUC

歸屬位置寄存器

用戶鑒權(quán)中心斧右涼赦哄璃堆建踢釁穆嚼場倫餓陣菏珊非攙恨姿鐵鷹澈旬脫務握律夕琶GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述BSS

基站系統(tǒng)ThecomponentsofGPRSThecomponentsofGPRSsystem(2)

GPRS系統(tǒng)的組成(2)BSCRXCDRBTSBTSMSC/VLRSMS-CSGSNGGSNHLRSMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSCSGSNGGSNEIRPDNOtherPLMNSignalling&DataInterfaceSignallingInterfacePCUGsGrGpGnGnGiGfGbGbGdGcAECDGb險袖咬躍腮叼抉拳辭憫搽剁穗嫩周吵第睡蛋筏居抨訣閩湛寂擒件昆報蘋燼GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述ThecomponentsofGPRSsystemGPRSendtoendprotocolstack

GPRS端到端協(xié)議棧GSMRFMACRLCLLCSNDCPIP/X.25ApplicationGSMRFMACRLCL1bisNetwork

ServiceBSSGPRelayL1bisNetwork

ServiceBSSGPL1L2IPL1L2IPUDP/TCPGTPIP/X.25LLCSNDCPUDP/TCPGTPRelayMSBSS/PCUSGSNGGSNUmGbGnGi溜獵兼鏟電傳困泊炊得鄉(xiāng)罷朵授格席匝腫龔弄藝裔唁賓腺冗柳銹畜口蔡突GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSendtoendprotocolstackGPRSRFCharacteristicsGPRS的無線特性SpeechCodingReview話音編碼方式簡介DataCodinginGPRSGPRS的數(shù)據(jù)編碼方式Speech&DatainHoppingNetworks跳頻網(wǎng)絡中的話音與數(shù)據(jù)GPRSRFcoverageGPRS的無線覆蓋特性WirelessDataTrafficModel無線數(shù)據(jù)流量模型QoSinGPRSGPRS的服務質(zhì)量艾炕瑞照忠鄒毒偏良擱奏毋酋然憎扦覆考吩揖琢將悼戍施寥雷轄踞啼慣喪GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSRFCharacteristicsGPRS的GSMSpeechAirInterfaceCoding(1)

GSM話音空中接口編碼(1)Each20msofGSM,speechuses456bitsacrossairinterface

GSM中每20毫秒為一時系,話音的空中接口編碼為456比特ConvolutionalcodingappliedforForwardErrorCorrection

卷積編碼用于前向除錯45%ofbitsareforerrorcorrection

45%的比特用于除錯2levelsofinterleavingtominimiseeffectofRayleighfading

兩級交織使瑞利衰退影響為最小Convolutionalcodesallowrecoveryoflostbits

卷積可以恢復丟失的比特Perceptionoflistenercanalsofillgaps

受話者的直覺可以容忍些微話音的丟失HighBER/FER=PoorspeechqualityandNOre-transmissions

高錯誤率將導致話音質(zhì)量變差,不會有重傳發(fā)生爭曼棧賊留羨據(jù)聘慣阮茂奢卡昭旬晨探恫意芭吩孜習珍此米鱉臍鹼邱角奔GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GSMSpeechAirInterfaceCodinClass1a50bits260bits50bits3bits132bits4bits378bits78bitsTailbitsParityConvolutionalCode456bits57bitsEven57bitsOdd57bitsEven57bitsOdd57bitsEven57bitsOdd57bitsEven57bitsOddDiagonalInterleaving8consecutiveTDMAburstovertheUmairinterfaceClass1b132bitsClass278bitsGSMSpeechAirInterfaceCoding(2)

GSM話音空中接口編碼(2)興鴛門坑煞聲東訊蕩瑯上貨團櫻瘡遍免塘厚瑰闡偵囤瘸桌汰斑山丁僵哪老GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述Class1a260bits50bits3bits1GPRSDataAirInterfaceCoding

GPRS數(shù)據(jù)空中接口編碼Datamustbedecodedinperfectcondition,unlikespeech

不象話音,數(shù)據(jù)在解碼中不允許任何錯誤Iferrorscannotbecorrected,re-transmissionisrequired

如果錯誤無法糾正,則必須重傳RLClayercontrolsbackwarderrorcorrectionoverAirInterface

RLC層控制空中接口的后向除錯閣鐐佬旨粥解仆汰吾辮劉物睬陡女羔派冉懂賢殼犢晉外懷堿竭苯躥俐藉晤GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSDataAirInterfaceCodingGPRSCodingSchemes

GPRS的編碼方案GPRSusingsame

physicalRFlayer

asGSMspeech

GPRS用與GSM

話音同樣的物理層Dataiscodedinto

normalbursts

數(shù)據(jù)也在普通脈沖

內(nèi)編碼(456bits/20ms)Higherdatarates

pertimeslotachieved

byremovingerror

protection

每時系的更高數(shù)據(jù)

傳輸速度是以降低

容錯性能換來的冷科旗姬詩船倫悄脫燎祿擁誡啃腋軟酗街殺辰骯皋儉蠕棠唁治僧尋碴漓鈣GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSCodingSchemes

GPRS的編碼方案GGPRShasfourRFcodingschemeGPRS有四種無線編碼方式Thethroughputrateintablebelowisforphysicallayeronairinterface

下表中最后一列的數(shù)據(jù),是指空中接口物理層的最高速度右表中的最后一列數(shù)據(jù)

是指邏輯鏈路控制層的

最高數(shù)據(jù)流量,當RLC

層中有可選項時速率還

會低一些GPRSCodingSchemes

GPRS的編碼方案螺董疑舟又郡褪錨釋擲信津拷氛碗締衫意腺旭廣臻虎七淳今紊哀患橢骨營GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRShasfourRFcodingschemeAddBCS

加塊檢查序列AddprecodedUSF

加預編碼的上行狀態(tài)標識符Addtailbits

加結(jié)尾碼Coding

編碼Puncture

穿孔減碼456bitsPayload

有效負載BCS:BlockCheckSequenceUSF:UplinkStateFlagGPRSCodingProcedure

GPRS編碼的步驟眉稼埂駝喇來卜猶奪賢栗銥復吞淳喲表叮啤勉珊豁成滄毀蠕版漬籠潰夯蘆GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述AddBCS

加塊檢查序列AddprecodedUSFB0B1B2TB3B4B5XB6B7B8TB9B10B11X52TDMAFrames12RadioBlockPeriods=240ms*RectangularinterleavingofoneRadioBlockoverfourburstsinconsecutiveTDMAframes*InterleavingCS1-CS3RadioBlockStructure

CS1到CS3的無線塊結(jié)構(gòu)撼陡綢影輔旬趣龜彈費癱方閻秦人亮脅企喉萌淌涅語啄哇熒殆括膀姥航歧GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述B0B1B2TB3B4B5XB6B7B8TB9B10B11XCS4RadioBlockStructure

CS4的無線塊結(jié)構(gòu)*InterleavingB0B1B2TB3B4B5XB6B7B8TB9B10B11X52TDMAFrames12RadioBlockPeriods=240ms*RectangularinterleavingofoneRadioBlockoverfourburstsinconsecutiveTDMAframes尚既妹木疏瞎史饋淺引評貴賢遺魁登予寂鬧悅醋呂誕靈慮乍磷方菏傘鉚臟GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述CS4RadioBlockStructure

CS4的USFTPCRLCHeaderRLCdataBCSUSFTPCRLC/MACsignalinginformationBCSPayloadPayloadMACheaderRLCdatablockBlocchecksequenceMACheaderRLC/MACcontrolblockBlocchecksequenceUserdataControlT:BlockTypeindicatorPC:PowerControlfieldsGPRSRadioBlockStructure

GPRS無線塊結(jié)構(gòu)擾眶閘謾合獄吁蛙勃札波紙啤揣征飲贖嚏斡閹憎銷痰爛烴掌給扔括鑒由猜GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述USFTPCRLCHeaderRLCdataBCSUSFUserdata用戶數(shù)據(jù)Segment段Segment段Info信息FHFCSPHSegment段Segment段Segment段InfoBHBCSTailConvolutionalencoding卷積編碼Burst脈沖Burst脈沖Burst脈沖Burst脈沖......NetworklayerSNDCPlayerSNDCPlayerLLClayerLLClayerRLC/MAClayerRLC/MAClayerPhysicallayerPacket(PDU)LLCframe

邏輯鏈路控制幀RLCblock

無線鏈路控制塊NormalBurst普通脈沖PH:PacketHeader分組首標BH:BlockHeader塊首標 FCS:FrameCheckSequence FH:FrameHeader幀首標BCS:BlockCheckSequence塊核查序列456bits114bits114bits114bits114bitsPackettransformationdataflow

分組傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)流腎吉洱已和抄虎橇氰絕痔捂恫解個仆咽繭躍蜂凳墊嚴呵命江伯堪蹲正殺渙GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述Userdata用戶數(shù)據(jù)Segment段SegmenNoHoppingf1f1f5HoppingSpeech&DatainHoppingNetwork

跳頻網(wǎng)絡中的話音及數(shù)據(jù)Hoppingprovidesfrequencydiversity

whichaveragesfading&distributes

errorsintheframe

跳頻技術(shù)通過提供多頻點交替使用,

使衰減平均化并將錯誤離散的各幀中Worksinfavourofconvolutional

codingwithinterleaving

跳頻最好要與卷積和交織技術(shù)共用Hoppingisgoodforspeechbutdo

notbenefitdata

跳頻對提高話音質(zhì)量很有好處,但

一般情況下對數(shù)據(jù)傳輸無益

再伙遂梁戚幸肌輿猙父粕楞帛衫看闡惦迅溉銻膿粕今爺撕蹭芝甕分嫌藩勇GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述NoHoppingf1f1f5HoppingSpeechBLERRate-TU3NoHopping

塊錯誤率-TU3無跳頻TypicalUrban3km/h-NoHopping

典型城區(qū),移動速度每小時3公里,無跳頻0.010.111010004812162024C/I載干比(dB)CS1CS2CS3CS4丘墾盾灤岡絳尹砍紀瑟盜磚奧草殺蒙洞蟻呂抓姓娜膠鵲紛光碼付鴨廟瓊窯GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述BLERRate-TU3NoHopping

塊錯誤BLERRate-TU3NoHopping

塊錯誤率-TU3無跳頻010203040506070809010004812162024C/I載干比(dB)CS1CS2CS3CS4CS4hasrapidrateofchangebetween6&14dB(near75%BLERimprovement)

CS4對載干比在6-14分貝間的變化反應明顯(塊錯誤率降低75%)TypicalUrban3km/h-NoHopping

典型城區(qū),移動速度每小時3公里,無跳頻奔睫呆忘餒蛔炎午惋婁朱峙棕殺尋隆燙莖怔辰腋否密抗噴茬倦掣踐氏乖盜GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述BLERRate-TU3NoHopping

塊錯誤Throughput-TU3NoHopping

信道數(shù)據(jù)流速-TU3無跳頻051015202504812162024C/I載干比(dB)CS1CS2CS3CS4

CS1&CS2showtheleastchangevs.C/ICS1和CS2受載干比的影響最小CS3&CS4inefficientatlowC/ICS3和CS4在低載干比時效率很低AllSchemesconvergetoMaxrateathighC/I

隨載干比的增高各編碼方案均收斂于其最高速率CS3&CS4bestatC/I>10dB

CS3和CS4最好在載干比大于10dB時應用TypicalUrban3km/h-NoHopping

典型城區(qū),移動速度每小時3公里,無跳頻禱優(yōu)鎬須彤糕泉勇號嫂充腎楷威毀步瘩偷犧表棧按橋傻步柜馭谷牲癌鉆沫GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述Throughput-TU3NoHopping

信道GSMtrafficmodelvs.GPRStrafficmodel

GSM流量模型與GPRS流量模型的對比GSMtrafficmodelbaseonuserairtime

GSM的流量模型的基礎(chǔ)是用戶平均占用空中信道的時間GPRStrafficmodelbaseonuserdatavolume

GPRS的流量模型的基礎(chǔ)是用戶平均傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的總量InGSM,mobileusercannotmakeaphonecallifthereisnofreechannelatacertaintimeinacell

在GSM中,如果某一時刻在某扇區(qū)內(nèi)已無空閑信道,則手機用戶將無法打電話InGPRS,dataserviceusercanalwaysattachedtothesystem,sharechannelswithotheruser,ifthechannelistoobusy,userwillnoticethattheserviceresponsebecomeslower

在GPRS系統(tǒng)中,數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務的用戶可以始終保持與系統(tǒng)的連接,與其他用戶共享有限的信道,如果信道很忙,用戶會感覺到服務的響應速度減慢,但服務并不停止

初晴苦裙斤俄淌件瞇正鏡駿染請做歇誤滇硝雅聽魔隕壇散任右務腦鄲稠耗GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GSMtrafficmodelvs.GPRStraQoSConceptinGPRS

GPRS中的服務質(zhì)量概念QualityofServiceinGPRSisnotaguaranteeconceptbutapriorityconcept

質(zhì)量服務在GPRS中不是一個保證的概念,而是一個優(yōu)先權(quán)的概念HighQoSlevelinBSSandMSmeanstheabilitytooccupymoretimeslotswhenavailable

在基站及手機方面,高的服務質(zhì)量意味著當系統(tǒng)信道資源允許時,可以同時占用多個時系HighQoSlevelinGSNwilltrytosethighpriorityflagwhentransmitpacketsbetweennodes,whetheritworkdependsonthenetworktechnologyGSNuse

在GSN部分中,高服務質(zhì)量的標識將設(shè)置在節(jié)點之間傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)分組中,是否有效則根據(jù)不同的網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)有所不同瓶篡葦盅存秦距慌骸協(xié)窄貪繳滔耽稀敦詛切慣踩腳籠嘉乍冉渴倘鰓瘓勞咯GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述QoSConceptinGPRS

GPRS中的服務質(zhì)量GPRSChannelUsageSample

GPRS信道利用方式舉例GPRSGPRSGPRSGPRSSSSSTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHNon-BCCH1

例子：三載波小區(qū)BCCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHBCCHTCHNon-BCCH2肇靈氏鄉(xiāng)葦逞鋅搪炊痞牢射幼份鍋鶴狽琉旁興或歐境燃棍繁躍慫咒營籍念GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSChannelUsageSample

GPRSGPRSTerminal

GPRS中的終端ClassAA類同時支持GPRS和電路交換(包括短消息SMS)用戶能夠同時作語音和數(shù)據(jù)服務的呼叫計被叫語音和數(shù)據(jù)服務均需要最少一個獨立無線信道ClassBB類支持GPRS和電路交換在同一時間，只能夠提供語音或數(shù)據(jù)服務同時連接(Attach)語音和數(shù)據(jù)服務ClassCC類只能夠連接一種服務(語音或數(shù)據(jù)服務)需要利用手機菜單(Menu/Default)更改服務類型(語音、數(shù)據(jù))理論上一臺手機可支持1至8個時系鵬膛旗任證輾償過駐羔鞭逢掐袱處憋刊部刮談嚎括茨旨綿興贏敏鎖兇親虧GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRSTerminal

GPRS中的終端ClassAPDUtransmissionGPRSAttachorSTANDBYtimerExpireGPRSDetachGPRSAttachPDUreceptionGPRSDetachofCancelLocationMMStateModelofMSMMStateModelofSGSNIDLEREADYSTANDBYIDLEREADYSTANDBYororLocationUnknownRoutingAreaCellGPRSActionsNoneGPRSPagesCSPagesDataTransferREADYtimerexpiryorforcetoSTANDBYorAbnormalRLCconditionREADYtimerexpiryorForcetoSTANDBYSTANDBYtimerexpiryorCancelLocationMobilityManagementStateModel

GPRS終端及SGSN的移動管理狀態(tài)模型廊犧撤點雞幣調(diào)癌惡劊潛楷先桓沂孤橢酪不估醫(yī)蔓疲塌偏咐廟錐避高矚殷GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述PDUtransmissionGPRSAttachorSConclusions

無線部分小結(jié)SendingdataacrossGSMAirInterfacewithreducederrorprotectionrequireslowinterferenceRFenvironment

用降低容錯的方法在GSM的空中接口傳數(shù)據(jù)需要高載干比的環(huán)境MaximumbitrateonCS3&CS4willprobablyberestrictedtoindoorµcell

CS3和CS4所帶來的最大速度只能限制在室內(nèi)及微蜂窩覆蓋區(qū)HoppingnetworkswillnotbenefitGPRSdatatransferduetothespreadingoferrors

跳頻網(wǎng)絡將錯誤離散的方法不會給GPRS的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸帶來好處

Datatrafficmodelisdifferentfromspeech,themostvaluablecharacterofGPRSistheabilitytosharesamechannelbymultipleusers

數(shù)據(jù)與話音的傳輸模型不同,GPRS最大的優(yōu)勢在于多用戶共享有限的信道QoSinGPRSisdifferentfromtraditionalmeaninginCS

GPRS中的服務質(zhì)量概念與傳統(tǒng)電路交換中的概念有所不同鼓手航襄矛毒篷走礎(chǔ)央甲溉磁字惡騎各打唾元峰岡典疊息帳丹七斗麥疾棲GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述Conclusions

無線部分小結(jié)SendingdataBasicTCP/IPConcept

TCP/IP基本概念TCP/IPsystem

TCP/IP協(xié)議系統(tǒng)NetworkAccessLayer

網(wǎng)絡訪問層InternetLayer

因特網(wǎng)層TransportLayer

傳輸層RoutingProtocol

路由協(xié)議有掄芋兇闊斡張踞拄讕通輸訖語抒誕戒攫挺纜躥戊女鬧醬瞪痰躊宴磅坐鑿GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述BasicTCP/IPConcept

TCP/IP基本概NetworkandTCP/IPProtocol

網(wǎng)絡與TCP/IP協(xié)議Networkisasystemwhichconnectsdevicessuchascomputers,thesedevicescancommunicatethroughpublictransmissionmedia

網(wǎng)絡是計算機和類似計算機的設(shè)備連接起來的一個系統(tǒng),這些設(shè)備能夠通過公共傳輸媒體進行通信

TCP/IPProtocoldefinestheprocessofnetworkcommunication,mostimportant,itdefineswhataspectofadataunitshouldbeandwhatkindofinformationitshouldinclude,thismakesthetargetcomputercandecodethemessagescomefromsourcecomputercorrectly.

TCP/IP協(xié)議定義了網(wǎng)絡通信的進程,更重要的是,定義了數(shù)據(jù)單元應該采用什么樣的外觀及應該包含什么信息,使得接收端的計算機能夠正確地翻譯對方發(fā)來的信息

棕返毖拄摟脯撿非驢盟柒連稍包慚粳衰仰占棚垢洲胞命瀑肋錳島撫俏凝漾GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述NetworkandTCP/IPProtocol

網(wǎng)絡TCP/IPCharacters

TCP/IP的特性Logicaladdress-IPaddress

邏輯編址-IP地址Routingselection

路由選擇Nameservice-DNS

域名服務-DNSErrorcheckingandflowcontrol

錯誤檢查與流控制Supportforapplications-port

對應用程序的支持-端口臺籃焙鹵限婦完催菠浪熾煞誘腆胎膠俐猙諾戰(zhàn)蹈茵猴湃著勞婆搖虜客譜駱GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述TCP/IPCharacters

TCP/IP的特性LogApplicationLayer

應用層TransportLayer

傳輸層InternetLayer

因特網(wǎng)層NetworkAccessLayer

網(wǎng)絡訪問層TCP/IPProtocolSystem

TCP/IP協(xié)議系統(tǒng)踐早殉答倡揀殃爪凹躁銳耍爹侶淹橢葦木貞氰兇刻嘗哆婦梁殊刺貴若惕擺GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述ApplicationLayer

應用層TransportApplicationLayer

應用層TransportLayer

傳輸層InternetLayer

因特網(wǎng)層NetworkAccessLayer

網(wǎng)絡訪問層ApplicationLayer

應用層PresentationLayer

表示層SessionLayer

會話層TransportLayer

傳輸層NetworkLayer

網(wǎng)絡層DataLinkLayer

數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層PhysicalLayer

物理層TCP/IPandOSIModel

TCP/IP與OSI模型炬測哼搗貪芝枚宅戊堆蓖淵唉撥封飽崎沉脹酪反菩抬住瘴戴認囚瑤舜遷猖GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述ApplicationLayer

應用層TransportApplicationLayerTransportLayerInternetLayerNetworkAccessLayerData數(shù)據(jù)Header首標Ateachlayer,anewheaderisaddedtothedatapacket

數(shù)據(jù)包在每一層加一個新首標Message消息Segment段(TCP)Datagram(UDP)Datagram數(shù)據(jù)報Frame幀BitStream二進制流Datapacket

數(shù)據(jù)包(分組)戴勉地芳扣巾云菌撥瘁乾璃反您諧齋噸快腔勇堿獰墮濁懾滌幟俐們鑷捕貿(mào)GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述ApplicationLayerTransportLayApplicationLayerTransportLayerInternetLayerNetworkAccessLayerNetworkapplicationsTCPUDPIPARP/RARPFTSFDDIPPP(Modem)EthernetTokenRingPhysicalNetworkTCP/IPNetwork

TCP/IP網(wǎng)絡簡介碩柿罷娟瘋胯忍勻供績財?shù)槎偶蔽▼苫堇ň戮醋诳⒛┧齽驅(qū)С魥^共岸GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述ApplicationLayerTransportLayApplicationLayerPresentationLayerSessionLayerTransportLayerNetworkLayerPhysicalLayer

物理層ApplicationLayerTransportLayerInternetLayerNetworkAccessLayer

網(wǎng)絡訪問層TCP/IPOSIDataLinkLayer數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層MediaAccessControlSublayerLogicalLinkControlSublayerNetworkAccessLayerandOSImodel

網(wǎng)絡訪問層與OSI模型對比媒體訪問控制子層邏輯鏈路控制子層坑進俯貨蘆轅資告武撮調(diào)盛隊裴綜邏智急塵閘挎慮另羔濟僚茁翁依梧刨禹GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述ApplicationLayerPresentationFunctionsofnetworkaccesslayer

網(wǎng)絡訪問層的功能InterfacetocomputerNIC與計算機網(wǎng)卡的接口Coordinatedatatransportandaccessmethod

對數(shù)據(jù)傳輸與相應訪問方法的約定實施協(xié)調(diào)Formatdatatoframe,convertframetophysicalsignal

將數(shù)據(jù)格式化為幀這樣的單元,并將幀轉(zhuǎn)換成在傳輸媒體上傳遞的電脈沖或模擬脈沖Errorcheckingforinputframe檢查輸入進來的數(shù)據(jù)幀中的錯誤Adderrorcheckinginformationtooutputframe

將錯誤檢查信息添加給輸出的數(shù)據(jù),使接收端能夠檢查它的錯誤Checkacknowledgmentandretransmitframewhencannotreceiveacknowledgment

確認數(shù)據(jù)幀已收到,如果沒有收到這個確認信息,則重新發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)幀媒粱符鉀碩題兵閑準樞杭餓服業(yè)麻馴漿提釜言為尖淌鞏瘁滲睦植狄床椽釣GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述FunctionsofnetworkaccesslaPhysicalAddress

物理地址PhysicalAddressisnetworkcardaddresspre-setbymanufactory

物理地址是廠家在網(wǎng)卡中預設(shè)的地址WecallphysicaladdressMACaddress

物理地址也叫MAC地址MACaddressisa48bitsbinarynumber

MAC地址由48位二進制數(shù)組成TCP/IPuserARPandRARPtotranslateIPaddresstoandfromMACaddress

在TCP/IP中使用地址解析協(xié)議(ARP)和反向地址解析協(xié)議(RARP)來實現(xiàn)IP地址與本地網(wǎng)絡上的網(wǎng)卡物理地址之間的轉(zhuǎn)換史紛釘繕烯酒賂橇今拒甫守神昏毆螞艷筒溶嘔威弱澳佰蛻踞購琴瀑占腕右GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述PhysicalAddress

物理地址PhysicalInternetProtocol

因特網(wǎng)協(xié)議(IP)IPsoftwaredecidehowtocreateadatagramandhowtosendthedatagramthroughanetworkIP協(xié)議是執(zhí)行一系列功能的軟件,IP軟件決定如何創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)報及如何使數(shù)據(jù)報通過一個網(wǎng)絡IPsoftwarehas3importantinformationareaIP軟件的三個重要信息域IPaddress:aunique32bitsaddressIP地址域-一個獨一無二的32位地址Subnetworkmask:a32bitsinformationbitsgroup,indicatewhichpartoftheIPaddressisnetworkIDandwhichpartishostId子網(wǎng)掩碼域Defaultgateway:anoptional32bitsaddress,indicatearouter.Allpacketssendtoothernetworkwillgotothisrouterifnospecificrouteforthatnetwork缺省網(wǎng)關(guān)域Whensendingdata,IPgetdatafromtransportlayerandsendtonetworkaccesslayer

在發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時,IP從傳輸層得到數(shù)據(jù),處理后送往網(wǎng)絡訪問層芍齊鈉題僵傭麻槍燕矮蚤譜伯齲碩篷穿菏寫戳剔經(jīng)韭奠班力誼銳作湍鑲藹GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述InternetProtocol

因特網(wǎng)協(xié)議(IP)IP0001020304050607080910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031VersionIHL[0]ServiceType[1]Packetlength(Includeheaderanddata)[2]IDFFlag[3]FragmentationOffsetTime-To-LiveProtocol[4]HeaderChecksumSourceIPaddressDestinationIPaddressOptionalFields(0tomanybytes)[1]bit0-2:prioritybit3:Delaybit4:Throughputbit5:Reliabilitybit6-7:Reserved[2]Maximumsizeis65535,defaultis576(512bytesdata+64bytesheader)[3]bit0:Reserved,mustbe0bit1(DF):0=allow1-disallowbit2(MF):0=last1=more[4]1:ICMP2:IGMP3:GGP4:IP5:ST6:TCP8:EGP17:UDP80:CLNP88:IGRP89:OSPFIPDatapayload(Manybytes)Padding[0]scope5-15,numberofDWORD(32bits)notes:Byte(8bits)WORD(16bits)DWORD(32bits)IPHeader

IP的首標扭疵茂凜青扛朗鎬組阿銜拙氯琉緬脾曬搶龜撿鬼貌柯琳微葵塔姬標纓特娥GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述0001020304050607080910IPAddress

IP地址IPaddressconsistsoffourdotseparatednumbers

IP地址由四個被圓點隔開的數(shù)字組成IPaddressjustlikehouseaddressIP地址好比住宅的地址NetworkIDlikestreetname網(wǎng)絡名好比街道名HostIDlikehousenumber主機名好比門牌號Eachcomputer(node)shouldhaveauniqueIPaddress

每臺計算機(節(jié)點)都應有獨一無二的IP地址磁勸殷麓陌宵阻肢尊懲劫捷昭凰傭遞受楚禿條虐烈咐卜殃愁尼瞇闡咐洽交GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述IPAddress

IP地址IPaddressconsBinaryDecimal27261282524232221206432168421Hexadecimal804020108421BinaryHexadecimalDecimal000111001022001133010044010155011066011177BinaryHexadecimalDecimal100199101010A101111B110012C110113D111014E111115F000000100088BinaryHexadecimalDecimal8bits0-25500-FF16bits0-65,53500-FFFF24bits0-16,777,21500-FFFFFF32bits0-4,294,967,29500-FFFFFFFF10bits0-1023(1K)20bits0-1,048,575(1M)0-3FF0-FFFFFUseOctetAddress(1)

使用8位組地址(1)愛悸旺句凡氈鵝臨瀝泉悼蝶底貞裁家尋抹般捏濫煽慰礁炮釉慷碘奧腐白暑GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述BinaryDecimal2726128252423222110000000128BinDec11000000192111000002241111000024011111000248111111002521111111025401111111127BinDec00111111630001111131000011111500000111700000011300000001180HexC0E0F0F8FCFE7FHex3F1F0F070301BinDec11000000192010001006800000011310000101133HexC0440385BinaryHexadecimal108001101000108020Decimal12800168020100110101549AUseOctetAddress(2)

使用8位組地址(2)悠浸悸擎噴碎遂疙光菏苗帝表廁妹茵添諒桌氈碑拜琶按肚鑰嫉江轟治圾喊GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述10000000128BinDec1100000019211AddressClass

地址分類Theoretically32bitsIPaddresscansupport4billionnodes

理論上32位的IP地址能支持超過40億個節(jié)點IPAddresshave5classes目前將IP地址分為了5類ClassAhave8bitsnetworkIDA類地址有8位表示網(wǎng)絡名ClassBhave16bitsnetworkIDB類地址有16位表示網(wǎng)絡名ClassChave24bitsnetworkIDC類地址有24位表示網(wǎng)絡名ClassDisformulticastD類地址用于多點廣播ClassEisreservedfortestnetworkE類地址保留作測試用語攙攫洋通覽拖策旭貓劣畔陸春刻螢玉毋棘丫釬欠孝黎山適簾搪頰捆駝沒GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述AddressClass

地址分類Theoreticall00000000000000010xxxxxxx0111111001111111NetworkID012-125126127DecimalLocalnetworkFirstusableclassAnetworkUsableClassAnetworksLastusableclassAnetworkLoopbackorLocalhostMeaningFormat0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNetmask11111111000000000000000000000000NetworkID0xxxxxxx000000000000000000000000HostID00000000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxClassAAddress

A類地址縛硫兔鋸安鈉旨慫永嫂鮮叔登跨屜脾萍蔽竊焙正糧士浚飲肚張描抒屠仲狀GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述00000000000000010xxxxxxx0111111000000000000000100000000000000110xxxxxxxxxxxxxx10111111111111101011111111111111NetworkID128.0128.1128.1-191.254191.254191.255DecimalLocalnetworkFirstusableclassBnetworkUsableClassBnetworksLastusableclassBnetworkBroadcastMeaningFormat10xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNetmask11111111111111110000000000000000NetworkID10xxxxxxxxxxxxxx0000000000000000HostID0000000000000000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxClassBAddress

B類地址任艷旱伊劑奠扒岔澳漁勸潮匣序銹劑狀殺面無稠匙光喂述假談鞘擂尹俊炮GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述1000000000000000100000000000110000000000000000000000110000000000000000000001110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx110111111111111111111110110111111111111111111111NetworkID192.0.0192.0.1192.0.1-223.255.254223.255.254223.255.255DecimalLocalnetworkFirstusableclassBnetworkUsableClassBnetworksLastusableclassBnetworkBroadcastDecimalFormat110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNetmask11111111111111111111111100000000NetworkID110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx00000000HostID000000000000000000000000xxxxxxxxClassCAddress

C類地址彪須誤己榷伸蠶元耪個俱涉卻物異酣晃潘欲瞄釬滋入決丸溜羨估定墩次快GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述1100000000000000000000001100ClassDFormat1110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxClassEFormat11110xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxDescriptionMulticastGroupAddressDescriptionReservedfortestnetwork,notexistScope-54Scope-54ClassDandClassEAddress

D類和E類地址終呢滯鋼菜伎坍碉羊傳救賄勾混哮詩食磨洪止朋瘟檻齲綻透炕獵吼劇非襲GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述ClassDFormat1110xxxxxxxxxxxBenefitofSubnet

劃分子網(wǎng)的好處Reducecollision

減少沖突Supportdifferentnetworktechnology

支持不同的網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)Overcomethelimitationofnetworktechnology

克服網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)的極限Improvesecuritylevel

提高安全級別Reducebroadcastimpact

減少廣播的影響SupportWideAreaNetwork

支持廣域網(wǎng)婁攀科賦沏久搐到恿鉸點零撞奎賠灑霹匙因傭嚇幌占妙隴膠碗晝?nèi)铘敯妒馟PRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述BenefitofSubnet

劃分子網(wǎng)的好處ReducRulesofSubnet

劃分子網(wǎng)的規(guī)則Rules規(guī)則SubnetmaskbeginafterdefaultclassA/B/Cnetmask

子網(wǎng)掩碼從標準的A/B/C類地址掩碼之后開始Subnetmaskshouldhavesuccessive1子網(wǎng)掩碼必須是連續(xù)的1SubnetIDshouldnotbeall0orall1子網(wǎng)名不可全是0或全是1

HostIDshouldnotbeall0orall1主機名不可全是0或全是1

Result結(jié)果ClassAIPhave21kindsofsubnetmaskA類地址有21種子網(wǎng)掩碼ClassBIPhave13kindsofsubnetmaskB類地址有13種子網(wǎng)掩碼ClassCIPhave5kindsofsubnetmaskC類地址有5種子網(wǎng)掩碼成尋終立陋歧礫吾討南糾峰擲證淚乖躺啃戮遇薔休傅結(jié)查蒙癱苗韓港惹乳GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述RulesofSubnet

劃分子網(wǎng)的規(guī)則Rules規(guī)2001111111111111111111111110000000011000000001100100000100101000100010101101000000000111111371790255255255020011001000001001010001000100000000371700000000000000000000000000010110100090IPAddressNetmaskNetworkIDHostID20011111111111111111111111111001000001001010001000101011010371790255255255192200110010000010010100010001010000003717640000000000000000000000000000110100026IPAddressNetmaskNetworkIDHostID200111111111111111111001000001001010001000101011010371790255255252020011001000001001010001000000000000371600000000000000000000000001010110100190IPAddressNetmaskNetworkIDHostIDStandardClassCIPAddressClassCIPAddresswithSubnetIPAddresswithSupernetSubnetandSupernet

子網(wǎng)與超級網(wǎng)絡遙秉毆蠱速預龐溺墜棕胳言蟄毫垂槐胎未訪惦農(nóng)同禾逛人衫籠僻肺瀕棒簧GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述20011111111111111AddressResolutionProtocol

地址解析協(xié)議ARPisthesecondimportantprotocolininternetlayer

ARP是因特網(wǎng)層第二個重要協(xié)議ARPmatchesIPaddresstophysicaladdress

ARP的作用是將IP地址解析為物理地址ARPcachestheIPaddressandcorrespondingphysicaladdresstoacceleratedatatransfer

ARP在高速緩存保存了IP地址與物理地址的對應關(guān)系以加快傳輸

RARPmatchesphysicaladdresstoIPaddress

RARP的作用是將物理地址解析為IP地址DisklessworkstationuseRARPandBOOTPtobootthecomputer

無盤工作站依靠RARP和BOOTP協(xié)議來啟動機器洗恃醛僻燥莆豎窘槍宜蓋兔嘻仙來抄馳偏邯禮蕪皆帖泳氓恩趴漳錄蕪輯抒GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述AddressResolutionProtocol

地址InternetControlMessageProtocol

Internet控制信息協(xié)議ICMPisthethirdimportantprotocolininternetlayer

ICMP是因特網(wǎng)層除了IP和ARP外第三個重要協(xié)議ICMPMessageICMP的主要信息包括EchoRequestandEchoReply

回送請求與回送應答SourceQuench

信息源減速DestinationUnreachable

無法到達目的地TimeExceeded

超時FragmentationNeeded

需要分段

問浚扛蔽搖嗽膊贖蔡章卑情瞬甥芥跑敗瞎球遠班蒼膳換升丘芳守億降權(quán)憚GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述GPRS設(shè)計及應用概述InternetControlMessageProtoIntroductionoftransportlayer

傳輸層簡介Functionoftransportlayer傳輸層的功能Provideinterfaceforapplicationtoaccessnetwork

為應用程序訪問網(wǎng)絡提供接口Providemultiplexinganddemultiplexing

支持多路復用與多路分解Errorchecking,flowco