計算機導論課件：Chapter 3 Software

Chapter3

SoftwareChapterContentsSectionA:SoftwareBasicsSectionB:OfficeSuitesSectionC:InstallingSoftwareandUpgradesSectionD:BuyingSoftwareSectionE:SecuritySoftwareChapter3:Software2SectionA:SoftwareBasicsChapter3:Software3SoftwareCategoriesChapter3:Software4Softwareiscategorizedintwomaincategories:SystemsoftwareDesignedforcomputer-centrictasksApplicationsoftwareDesignedtohelppeopleaccomplishreal-worldtasksSoftwareBasicsSoftwareCategoriesChapter3:ComputerSoftware6SoftwareCategoriesMusicSoftwareOffersmanywaystoworkwithmusic,soundeffects,andnarrationfromyourdesktop,laptop,orhandheldcomputer

iTunesAudioeditingsoftwareChapter3:Software8VideoSoftwareProvidesasetoftoolsforcreatingvideoproductionsfromrawfootageConsumer-levelvideoeditingsoftwareWindowsMovieMakerAppleiMovieDVDauthoringsoftwareChapter3:Software9GraphicsSoftwareDesignedtohelpyoucreate,manipulate,andprintgraphicsPaintsoftwarePhotoeditingsoftwareDrawingsoftware3-DgraphicssoftwareCADsoftwareChapter3:Software10GraphicsSoftware.bmp(BitMaP):ThisbitmapgraphicfileformatisnativetoMicrosoftWindowsandisusedonPCs.MicrosoftPaintcreates.bmpfileformat.gif(GraphicInterchangeFormat):ThisformatisusedinWebpagesandfordownloadableonlineimages.jpeg(JointPhotographicExpertsGroup):ThisbitmapformatisusedforWebsitesandforphotosandotherhigh-resolutionimagesGraphicsSoftware.tiff(TaggedImageFileFormat):ThisbitmapformatisusedonbothPCsandMacsforhigh-resolutionfilesthatwillbeprinted.png(PortableNetworkGraphics):ThisfileformatwasspeciallycreatedforWebpageimagesandcanbeusedasapublicdomainalternativeto.gifforcompressionChapter3:Software12MappingandLocation-BasedSoftwareAmappingapplicationtypicallydisplayssatellite,aerial,orstreetmapsusedtolocateplacesandgetdirectionsbetweentwoaddressesGoogleMapsLocation-basedsoftwareisabletoaccessyourcurrentlocationanduseittoshowyoutheclosestshops,restaurants,andtheaters,aswellasinformationabouteachlocationStayalertfordevicesandsoftwareapplicationsthattrackyourlocationChapter3:Software13MappingandLocation-BasedSoftwareChapter3:Software14Businessand“NumberCrunching”SoftwareVerticalmarketsoftwareisdesignedtoautomatespecializedtasksinaspecificmarketorbusinessHorizontalmarketsoftwareisgenericsoftwarethatjustaboutanykindofbusinesscanusePayrollsoftwareAccountingsoftwareProjectmanagementsoftwareChapter3:Software15Businessand“NumberCrunching”SoftwareBusinessesuseavarietyof“numbercrunching”softwareapplicationsforplanningandanalysisStatisticalsoftwareMathematicalmodelingsoftwareChapter3:Software16DesktopPublishingSoftwareDesktoppublishingsoftware(DTPsoftware)takeswordprocessingtothenextlevelbyprovidingprofessionaltoolsforproducingtypeset-qualitydocumentsDTPsoftwareisavailableinconsumer-levelandprofessional-levelversionsDTPsoftwareallowsyoutocreateapageusingmultipleframes;someframescanholdtext,whileotherframescanholdtitles,graphics,andtablesToday’swordprocessingsoftwaretypicallyprovidesanadequatefeaturesetforthedocumentproductionneedsofmostindividualsChapter3:Software17DesktopPublishingDesktopPublishingSoftwareChapter3:Software19PersonalFinanceSoftwareMoneymanagementsoftwareoffersavarietyoftoolsfortrackingcashflowandinvestmentsPersonalfinancesoftware,suchasIntuitQuicken,isdesignedtokeeptrackofincome,expenses,assets,andliabilitiesusingasimplecheckbook-likeuserinterfaceTaxpreparationsoftwareisaspecializedtypeofpersonalfinancesoftwaredesignedtohelpyougatheryourannualincomeandexpensedata,identifydeductions,andcalculatetaxpaymentsChapter3:Software20PersonalFinanceSoftwareChapter3:Software21UtilitySoftwareUtilitysoftwareisdesignedtohelpyoumonitorandconfiguresettingsforyourdigitalgear,itsoperatingsystem,orapplicationsoftwareThird-partysoftwarecompaniesofferadditionalproductsthatextendandimproveuponthosesuppliedbytheoperatingsystemAPDFreader,suchasAdobeReader,isanessentialutilitythatdisplaysdocumentsstoredinstandardPDFfilesChapter3:Software22UtilitySoftwareAdaptiveutilitiesalteradevice’suserinterfacetocreateanaccessibleenvironmentbyprovidingclosedcaptions,text-to-speech,speech-to-text,orlargescreentextSystemutilitiescantrackdownandfixdiskerrors,repaircorruptedfiles,andgiveyourdeviceaperformance-enhancingtune-upChapter3:Software23DeviceDriversAdevicedriverissoftwarethathelpsaperipheraldeviceestablishcommunicationwithacomputerOnaMac,youcanclicktheAppleicon,selectAboutthisMac,andthenselectMoreinfotolookatalistofdevicesconnectedtoyourcomputerOnaPC,ifyouneedtoupdateadevicedriverorchangeitssettings,youcanusuallyviewdriverinformationbyaccessingtheControlPanelandselectingSystem(orSystemandSecurity)Chapter3:Software24DeviceDriversChapter3:Software25QuestionSoftwarepublishersofferahugevarietyofproductsforpersonalcomputerowners.Fromwhichofthefollowingcategoriesdoesthetypicalcomputerownerpurchaseadd-onsoftware?A.SystemsoftwareandoperatingsystemsB.ApplicationsoftwareandutilitiesC.DevicedriversandapplicationsoftwareD.SystemsoftwareandantivirussoftwareChapter3:Software26AnswerBChapter3:Software27SectionB:OfficeSuites

Chapter3:Software28OfficeSuiteBasicsAnofficesuiteisacollectionofprogramsthattypicallyincludewordprocessing,spreadsheet,presentation,anddatabasemodulesChapter3:Software29WordProcessingWordprocessingsoftwarehasreplacedtypewritersforproducingmanytypesofdocuments,includingreports,letters,memos,papers,andbookmanuscriptsAtypicalwordprocessorwindowdisplaysaworkarea,calledaworkspace,thatrepresentsablankpieceofpaperChapter3:Software30WordProcessingChapter3:Software31WordProcessingWordprocessingfeaturesinclude:WordwrapSearchandReplaceThesaurusGrammarcheckerReadabilityformulaSpellingcheckerSpellingdictionaryChapter3:Software32WordProcessingChapter3:Software33WordProcessingThefinalformatofyourdocumentdependsonseveralformattingfactors,suchaspagelayout,paragraphstyle,andfontPagelayoutreferstothephysicalpositionofeachelementonapageParagraphstyleincludesthealignmentoftextwithinthemarginsandthespacebetweeneachlineoftextAfontisasetoflettersthatshareaunifieddesignChapter3:Software34WordProcessingChapter3:Software35SpreadsheetsAspreadsheetusesrowsandcolumnsofnumberstocreateamodelorrepresentationofarealsolutionSpreadsheetsoftware,suchasMicrosoftExcel,iWorkNumbers,GoogleDocsSpreadsheets,orLibreOfficeCalc,providestoolstocreateelectronicspreadsheetsChapter3:Software36SpreadsheetsAformulatellsthecomputerhowtousethecontentsofcellsincalculationsCellreferencesRelativereferenceAbsolutereferenceMathematicaloperatorsFunctionsAutomaticrecalculationsChapter3:Software37SpreadsheetsChapter3:Software38SpreadsheetsChapter3:Software39DatabasesAdatabaseisacollectionofdataDatabasesoftwarehelpsyouenter,find,organize,update,andreportinformationstoredinadatabaseChapter3:Software40DatabasesChapter3:Software41DatabasesAquerylanguagesuchasSQL(StructuredQueryLanguage)providesasetofcommandsforlocatingandmanipulatingdataNaturallanguagequeryKeywordsearchQuerybyexampleChapter3:Software42PresentationsPresentationsoftwaresuppliesthetoolsforcombiningtext,photos,clipart,graphs,animations,andsoundintoaseriesofelectronicslidesthatcanbeshownonacomputerscreenorprojectorChapter3:Software43PresentationsChapter3:Software44QuestionJustabouteveryonehasusediTunessoftwaretodownloadmusic.iTunessoftwarealsoallowsyoutolistthesongsyou’vedownloaded,deletesongs,findsongs,andorganizeyourmusicintoplaylists.ThesefeaturesofiTunesaresimilartowhattypeofsoftware?A.WordprocessingsoftwareB.SpreadsheetsoftwareC.DatabasesoftwareD.GroupwareChapter3:Software45AnswerCChapter3:Software46SectionC:InstallingSoftwareandUpgradesChapter3:Software47WebAppsSoftwareinstallationisaprocessthatplacesaprogramintoacomputersothatitcanberunorexecutedAWebapplication,orWebApp,issoftwarethatisaccessedwithaWebbrowserExampleofcloudcomputingManyareassociatedwithconsumersitesMostrequirenoinstallationatallonyourlocalcomputerorhandhelddeviceChapter3:Software48WebAppsChapter3:Software49MobileAppsAmobileappisdesignedforahandhelddevice,suchasasmartphone,tabletcomputer,orenhancedmediaplayerMosthandhelddevicescanusebothWebappsandmobileappsMobileappscanbepurchasedfromanappstoreAppleAppStoreAndroidMarketAppsareavailablefromothersources,butusingthemrequiresanunauthorizedchangetothedevice’ssoftwarecalledajailbreakChapter3:Software50MobileAppsChapter3:Software51LocalApplicationsMostlocalapplicationscontainasetupprogramthatguidesyouthroughtheinstallationprocessAtleastoneofthefilesincludedinasoftwarepackageisanexecutablefiledesignedtobestartedbyusersorautomaticallylaunchedbytheoperatingsystemChapter3:Software52LocalApplicationsChapter3:Software53LocalApplicationsChapter3:Software54LocalApplicationsChapter3:Software55PortableSoftwarePortablesoftwareisdesignedtorunfromremovablestorage,suchasaCDorUSBflashdriveInstallationissimplyamatterofgettingprogramfilestothemediaonwhichtheyaresupposedtorunChapter3:Software56PortableSoftwareCha