一般聲音的產(chǎn)生與接收

一般聲音的產(chǎn)生與接收基本流程發(fā)音體的震動空氣的波動耳膜的振動內(nèi)耳神經(jīng)的接收大腦的辨識發(fā)聲機(jī)制敲擊所引發(fā)的自然震動頻率（例：音叉）空氣摩擦所引發(fā)的共振頻率（例：笛子）HumanSpeechProductionTheVocalTractGlottalVolumeVelocity&

ResultingSoundPressure(Voiced)SpeechProductionGlottalPulsesVocalTractSpeechSignal(a)SourceSpectrum(c)OutputEnergySpectrum++==(b)FilterFunctionAcousticalAnalysis

(speechsignalof“six”)SpeechProductionModelingphonationwhisperingfricationcompressionvibrationImpulseTrainGeneratorNoiseGeneratorPitchPeriod×u(n)Time-varyingdigitalfilterVocalTractParameterss(n)G人聲的發(fā)聲機(jī)制及其數(shù)學(xué)模型Source-filtermodel:Speechissplitintoarapidlyvaryingexcitationsignalandaslowlyvaryingfilter.Theenvelopeofthepowerspectracontainsthevocaltractinfo.Twoimportantcharacteristicsofthemodelarefundamental(pitch)frequency(f0)andformants(F1,F2,F3,…)ParametricRepresentation×u(n)GA(z)s(n)Z-TransformModelWriteinA(z)G=gainofexcitationu(n)=excitationsource(quasi-periodicpulsetrainorrandomnoise)TheSpeechModel:ASummaryVoiced/unvoicedclassification,Pitchperiodforvoicedsounds,Thegainparameter,andThecoefficientsofthedigitalfilters,{ak}.

名詞對照Cochlea：耳蝸Phoneme：音素、音位Phonics：聲學(xué)；聲音基礎(chǔ)教學(xué)法（以聲音為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)而教拼字的教學(xué)法）Phonetics：語音學(xué)Phonology：音系學(xué)、語音體系Prosody：韻律學(xué)；作詩法Syllable：音節(jié)Tone：音調(diào)Alveolar：齒槽音Silence：靜音Noise：雜訊Glottis：聲門larynx：喉頭Pharynx：咽頭Pharyngeal：咽部的，喉音的Velum：軟顎Vocalchords：聲帶Esophagus：食管Diaphragm：橫隔膜Trachea：氣管影片及動畫聲帶運(yùn)動的影片：/humnet/linguistics/faciliti/demos/vocalfolds/voc