語法專題六：代詞復(fù)習(xí)

代詞代詞：代詞是代替名詞以及代替起名詞作用的短語，分句和句子的詞。---Lucy,isthisyourpen?---No,itisn’t.---Thisislucy’scat.ItsnameisMimi.一，代詞的分類人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞相互代詞

eachother,oneanother指示代詞thisthatthesethose不定代詞oneallbotheveryeacheithernone等疑問代詞連接代詞關(guān)系代詞

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouYou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit二，代詞的用法1.人稱代詞1）人稱代詞的順序如果承擔(dān)責(zé)任,I+you+heYou+he/she+IWe+you+theyHe+shee.g.You,heandIhaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.I,youandheshouldanswerfortheaccident.2）主、賓格的替換主格用作主語，賓格用作賓語。在作表語時，用賓格較多，特別是在口語中。eg.Whoisknockingatthedoor?---It’sme.

IfIwereher,Iwouldtaketheadvice.在電話用語中常用主格。

eg:---IwishtospeaktoMary.---Thisisshe.在than引起的從句中,如不跟其他詞,可用賓格代替主格。Heismoreintelligentthanher/she(is).IlikeJackmorethanher.IlikeJackmorethanshe.有時用主格和賓格意義不同.

Iknowyoubetterthanhe.=…thanheknowsyou.Iknowyoubetterthanhim.=…thanIknowhim.簡短對話中,人稱代詞單獨使用或在not后多用賓格,即使它代表主語

---Havemorewine?---Notme.---IlikeEnglish.---Metoo.在介詞but,except后,有時可用主格代替賓格。

eg:NobodylikeshimexceptI/me.—Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.—Why

?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.

A．him B．he C．I D．meD---MayIspeaktoJohn?---Thisis_____speaking.A.he B.I C.him D.himselfA③he常表示“任何人”

Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisn’tatrueman.3)幾個人稱代詞的特殊用法。①we/you/they(口語)常用來泛指一般人

WeliveonriceinChina.②she可以代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。The“Titanic”wasthelargest,wasn’tshe?④It可以指嬰兒或未知的人

Lookatthebaby.It’slovely.

----Herecomesaman.Whocanitbe?----Ibetit’stheheadmaster.指代天氣,時間,距離,自然現(xiàn)象,環(huán)境等表模糊概念,指代從句所敘述內(nèi)容Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldlendmesomemoney.YoumayhateitwhenIlietoyou.

動詞+it+when(if)-從句。Idislikeitwhenyouwhistle.我不愛聽你吹口哨。Wereallyappreciateitwhensheofferedtohelp.她來幫忙了，我們十分感激。I’dpreferitifIdidn’thavetodosomuchwork.要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多，常見的有enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。動詞+prep+it+that-從句。Seetoitthatyou’renotlateagain.注意千萬不要再遲到。Looktoitthatthisdoesn’thappenagain.注意不要再發(fā)生這種事。Youmayrelyonitthathe’llcometomeetyou.你放心，他會來接你的。Ican’tanswerforitthathewillcome.我不能保證他會來。能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多，常見的有seeto,lookto,insiston,stickto,dependon,answerfor等。1.When_____comestobaseball,jackknowslittleaboutit.ThisB.thatC.itD.one2.Mumdislike______whenIbehavebadlyinfrontoftheguests.ThisB.thatC.itD.one3.Iwouldappreciate____,tobefrank,ifmycellphonecouldbefixedassoonaspossible.youB.itC.thisD.myself4.Thisunfairsystemonceprohibited_____blacksfromsittingwherewelikedonbuses.A.ourB.weC.oursD.usCCBD物主代詞表示所屬關(guān)系的代詞。物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisouryourtheirherits名詞性物主代詞mineyourshisoursyourstheirshersits2.物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞在句中只用作定語；名詞性物主代詞則不能用作定語，但可以用作主語、賓語、表語、可與of連用作定語。

名詞性物主代詞=

形容詞性物主代詞+n.Mycoatisbrown,andhisisblack.Yourbikeissodifferentfrommine.Heisaclosefriendofours.3.反身代詞

表示“我自己，你自己，他自己，我們自己，你們自己和他們自己”等一類的代詞叫做“反身代詞”人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfthemselvesherselfitself不定人稱oneself1）反身代詞常作賓語表語和同位語,不單獨作主語.

Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.Sheisnotherselftoday.Theythemselvesoftenmakethatmistake.be/feel/seem/lookoneself表示身體或精神處于正常狀態(tài)。I'llbemyselfagaininnotime.我一會兒就會好的。I’mnotquitemyselfthesedays.我近來身體不大舒服。但可以用作并列主語。Tomandmyselfwillgo.2）反身代詞常和某些動詞連用。

Don’t

overworkyourself.

Ihopeyou’ll

enjoyyourselves.

Shetoldtheboyto

behavehimself.Pleasehelpyourself

tosomefish.3）用于某些固定短語。beoneself

=alone:獨自benotoneself:不舒服byoneself:自己（獨立地）

foroneself:替自己,為自己

inoneself:本身

betweenourselves:

只限咱們兩人之間

amongthemselves:……之間

tooneself:供自己用

makeoneselfathome

隨便些，不要拘束

4）當(dāng)不定代詞one作主語時，與其對應(yīng)的反身代詞形式，在英國英語中為oneself,在美國英語中為himself.

Oneshouldwashoneself/himselfregularly.一個人應(yīng)該經(jīng)常洗澡。Onecan’tenjoyoneself/himselfifone/heistootired.一個人要是太疲勞就無法開心。1.Only____knowit.

A.IandheB.heandyouC.heandID.Iandyou2.---Arethese____coats?---No,theyaren’t.____arehere.A.your,OursB.your,WeC.you,OursD.you,Our3.Don’tlose____incomputergames,Jack.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.himselfD.themselves4.Mike’swordsaredifferentfrom____.Wereallycan’tagreewith_____.A.ours,himB.ours,he’sC.us,himD.us,hisCAAA4.相互代詞eachother二者oneanother三者及以上但在現(xiàn)代英語中可通用,它們在句中通常只用作賓語.Studentsshouldhelponeanother.學(xué)生應(yīng)該互相幫助。Wehadknowneachotherformanyyears.我們認(rèn)識許多年了。2)在有些情況下，在漢語里沒有“相互”，“彼此”等詞，英語卻要用相互代詞。

你們那時認(rèn)識嗎？

Didyouknoweachotheratthattime?我們現(xiàn)在不常見面了

Wedon’toftenseeeachothernow.

你們常通信嗎？

Doyouoftenwritetoeachother?1)相互代詞可以加’s，表示所有關(guān)系。

Weshouldpointouteachother’sshortcomings.Theyhavegreatconcernforoneanother’swork.指示代詞是表示“這個，那個，這些，那些”等提示人或物的代詞。指示代詞有this,that,these,those，它們在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。

5.指示代詞①this(these)一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物；that(those)常指時間或空間較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。Thisismydeskandthatisyours.Inthosedaystheycouldnotgotoschool.Thesedaysweareverybusy.②that指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。this可指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；

Iwanttotellyouthis:theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturdayafternoon.Hehurthislegyesterday.That’swhyhedidn’tcome.③為避免重復(fù)，可用that和those代替前面提到的名詞。Ourgrainoutputisnow5timesthatof1980.我們現(xiàn)在的糧食產(chǎn)量是1980年的5倍。（that=thegrainoutput）that既可指代特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于theone，也可以替代特指的不可數(shù)名詞，常帶后置定語，those相當(dāng)于theones。Inwinter,theweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhou.that只能指物,不能指人,those既可指人又可指物④this和that有時還可作副詞,來表示程度。

Icanonlypromiseyouthismuch.Oh,sheisnotthatfoolish.Ifitisthatbad,wecan’tuseit.———Iboughtadressforonly$10inasale;itwasarealbargain.———Iwon’tpay$10forthatdress;it’snotworth_______.allthatmuchB.thatmuchallC.thatallmuchD.muchallthatA1.Toysofthechildrentodayhardlybearanyresemblanceto______of_____whenwewerelittlekids.That,oursB.Those,usC.that,usD.those,ours2.Peopleworking10hoursadayaremorelikelytosufferfromhealthproblemsthan______whogooffdutyafter8hours.thoseB.thatC.theseD.them3.----Whoismakingsuchanoise?----______thechildren.ItisB.ThatisC.theyareD.thoseareDAA英語中有下列不定代詞：all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no,以及some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。

不定代詞多數(shù)能作主語、賓語、表語和定語，但none和含有some,any,no,every的合成詞只作主語、賓語、表語，而every和no只能作定語。6.不定代詞1.both;either;neither的用法詞匯botheitherneither作主語時謂語動詞形式作定語時所修飾的名詞形式詞義兩者都兩者中任何一個兩者都不復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)both…andeither…orneither...nor常用搭配復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)作主語時謂動用復(fù)數(shù)作主語時謂動采用就近原則ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhich___oftheparentsspokethelanguage.none B.neither C.both D.each2.ToknowmoreabouttheBritishMuseum,youcanusetheInternetorgotothelibrary,or___.neither B.some C.all D.both3.---Whichdriverwastoblame?---Why?___.Itwasthechild’sfault,clearandsimple.Hesuddenlycameoutbetweentwoparkedcars.A.both B.each C.either D.neither4.IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but____ofthemcame.A.neither B.either C.none D.both5.---Doyouwantteaorcoffee?---_____.Ireallydon’tmind.A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither6.---WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?---_________wayasyouplease.A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either7.Ihadtobuy_________thesebooksbecauseIdidn’tknowwhichonewasthebest.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all2.all&both1)allof/bothof跟名詞時,of可省略,但跟賓格代詞時of不能省略.

all(of)thestudentsbothofthem2)allboth作同位語應(yīng)放在實意動詞前,系動詞,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后.Youshouldallhandinyourhomeworknow.3.each&everyeach（各個），指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，側(cè)重個體，在句中作主語、賓語、定語和同位語?？膳cof連用.every（每個），指三個或三個以上的人或物，側(cè)重整體，在句中只能作定語。Everystudentinourclasshasadictionary.(定語，強調(diào)班上“所有的人”)Eachstudentinourclasshasadictionary.（定語，強調(diào)各個個體）Eachofthemhasbeenthere.（主語）Theteachergaveeachofthestudentsanewtextbook.（賓語）Weeachgotaticket.（同位語）Filltheblankswithproperwords.1.__________oftheapplesisworth5yuan.__________studentneedstobecarefulwiththeirstudies.3.Auntgave____________kidanapple.4.Auntgave____________anapple.5.They______gotothelibraryovertheweekend.6._________ofthemhopestohaveafreelunch.7._________professionalplayerdreamsofwinninggoldmedalsasmanyaspossible.EachEach/Everyeach/everyeacheachEachEach/Every對含有all，both，every，each等詞的句子進(jìn)行否定時，不管not位于什么地方，句子所表達(dá)的否定都為部分否定。Notalltheantsgooutforfood.=Alltheantsdon’tgooutforfood.并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。Bothofusarenotteachers.我們倆不都是老師。Neitherofusisateacher.我們倆都不是老師。

Noneofthemoneyismine.這錢一分也不是我的。要進(jìn)行全部否定，則用neither,none.4.some&any一般用法：some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑問、否定或條件句。HehassomeChinesepaintings.Idon’tknowanyofthestudents.特殊用法：①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Anychildcandothat.（定語）Youmaytakeanyofthem.（賓語）②some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某一”。SmithwenttosomeplaceinEngland.（定語）③在期待對方回答yes時，some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?（邀請）Mum,couldyougivemesomemoney?(請求)④any修飾主語或any的復(fù)合詞作主語時,其謂語動詞只能用肯定式.(誤)Anybody

cannot

eathiscakeandhaveit.(正)Nobodycaneathiscakeandhaveit.⑤any指三者(以上)中任何一個,反義詞是none.5.many,much,afew,few,alittle,little①many和much都表示“大量，許多”的含義。many接可數(shù)名詞，much接不可數(shù)名詞。Therearemanytreesaroundthelake.Thereismuchjuiceinthebottle.②afew和alittle都有“很少”“少量”的意思，afew接可數(shù)名詞，alittle接不可數(shù)名詞Ihaveafewgoodfriendshere.Wehavealittletimeleft.③few和little都有“幾乎沒有”的含義。few后面接可數(shù)名詞，little后面接不可數(shù)名詞Tonyhasfewfriends.Wehavelittlefoodintherefrigerator.----Howmuchis_____foraschoolbag?----Expertssaystudentsshouldcarry____morethan10or15percentoftheirbodyweight.Afarmore,noBtoomuch,notCverymuch,anyDmanymoremuchB6.somebody=someone,everybody=everyoneanybody=anyone,nobody=noone1）上述復(fù)合不定代詞都不能接of結(jié)構(gòu),必須用someone,everyone,anyone,noneYoumaychoosesomeoneofthesemen.2）someone,everyone,anyone,noone專指人someone,everyone,anyone,none除指人外,還可指物Youmaychoosesomeoneofthesepresents.3）復(fù)合不定代詞均為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)

4）形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞放后面Thereissomeoneinhisoffice.Everyoneknowsthat.Thereissomethingwrongwithhim.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?1.Makesureyou’vegotthepassportsandticketsand___beforeyouleave.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing2.Themayorhasofferedarewardof$4,000to____whocancapturethetigeraliveordead.both B.othersC.anyoneD.another3.Jimsoldmostofhisthings.Hehashardly___left.anythingB.nothingC.everythingD.something4.---Oneweek’stimehasbeenwasted.---Ican’tbelievewedidallthatworkfor______.A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anything5.Wehaven’tenoughbooksfor

;someofyouwillhavetoshare.A．somebodyB．a(chǎn)nybodyC.everybodyD．nobody1）noone只能指代表示人的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示泛指,無范圍;none既可指人也可指物,且數(shù)與不可數(shù)皆可,后常跟of.2）noone用來回答who的提問,none用來回答howmany/much.---Howmanybirds/peoplearethereinthetree?---None.---whoisintheclassroom?-----Noone.7．noone和none3)None指代可數(shù)名詞時,指三者或三者以上,指可數(shù)名詞時,后接單/復(fù)數(shù)謂語,指不可數(shù)名詞時,后接單數(shù)謂語.Noneofthebooksare/isinteresting.Noneofthemoneyismine.4)none只指量，指所指的一類人或物中一個都沒有；nothing，什么東西都不存在。---Arethereanyeggsinthefridge?----_____.Infact,thereis________inthefridge.Nonenothing1.Afterwatchingthefilm,IboughtsomeDVDcopiesofit,butnow_____isleft.AnoneBnothingCnooneDneither2.Thechildrenwerecatchingbutterflies.Somecaughtalot,andotherscaught______.AnoneBnothingCnooneDneitherAA8.one&theoneone代替與上文已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的名詞同類但非同一個的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,既可以是人，也可以是物.表示泛指,復(fù)數(shù)為ones,也是泛指.Ihaven’tacomputer.Iwanttobuyone.當(dāng)one前面有形容詞時,前面必須有冠詞或代詞Idon’tlikethebook.Showmeamoreinterestingone.theone指代前面的單數(shù)名詞,表示特指,其后往往帶定語,復(fù)數(shù)為theones.IlovereadingpoemsbyEmersonbetterthantheonesbyWhitman.9.other,another,others,theother,theothersother:另外的,相當(dāng)于形容詞,只作定語,常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,但若前面有the,this,some,any,every,no,my等時,可與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連詞Ihavenootherplacetogo.HainanismorebeautifulthananyothercityinHeBeiprovince.others:

泛指別的人或物，是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，構(gòu)成some…,others…Other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=others意思是“別的”theother:

兩者中的另一個，常與one連用，構(gòu)成one…,theother…，theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示全部其余的。theothers:

特指其余的人或物，是theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式=therestTheother+名詞=theothers意思是“其余的”Eightofthemhavepassedthetest.Theothershaven’t.Therearethirtystudentsinourclass.TwentyarefromBeijing.The

othersarefromNanjing.another1）另一個，泛指眾多（至少三個）中的一個，前面不能加冠詞，一般后面接可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞。Thisbookistoodifficultformetoread.Willyoupleasegivemeanotherone(=anotherbook)instead?Idon’tlikethisone.Showmeanother.2）當(dāng)它表示又一,再一時可與數(shù)詞或few引導(dǎo)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用.Wewanttostayhereforanotherfourweeks.=forfourmoreweeks.

3)=asimilar“類似的”Theboyisveryclever;hemaybecomeanotherEinstein.4)=adifferent“不同的,另外的”Heseemsquiteanotherpersonthanwhatheusedtobe.5)“又是另一回事”,表示兩件事情的對比.

Todoitisonething;todoitwellisanother.1.some…others一些…另一些（others表剩余的部分，而不是全部）eg.Somestudentsarecleaningthewindows,othersaresweepingthefloor.

some…theothers一些…其余的（theothers表剩余的全部）eg.Herearethirtystudents.Somearecleaningthefloor,theothersareplayingoutside.

one…theother(兩者）一個…另一個eg.Ihavetwobrothers,oneisadoctor,theotherisaworker.

one…another(三者或以上）一個…另一個eg.Idon’tlikethisone,pleaseshowmeanotherone.

Youshouldthinkof__________.I’mbusynow,askmeaboutitsome_______time.Somelikebasketball,__________preferfootball.Iwanttodrink__________glassofmilkFivestudentsinourclassareboys,_____aregirls.Shehastwobags,oneiswhite,_________isblack.Thereare________waysofsolvingthisproblem.one/another/theother/others/otherothersotherothersanothertheotherstheotherother1.Somepoemstellastory,while______trytoconveycertainemotions.anotherB.theothersC.theotherD.others2.Themediumbelievesthepriceofpetrolwillrisebymorethan_______twopercent.OtherB.anotherC.theotherD.anyother3.Theschool’sdramaassociationwillgiveabigshowtonightandtwo______nextweek.anotherB.otherC.elseD.more4.Peterneverenjoysvisitinglargecitiesbecausehethinksonecityismuchlike______.A.TheotherB.anotherC.theothersD.othersDBDB說明：

one表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類，但不是同一個，而it與所指名詞為同一個。

Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyone.(不定)

我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買一頂。

ThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatIbought.(同