現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解（課堂PPT）

語(yǔ)法課堂1上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)下一頁(yè)主菜單2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系havebeen與havegone比較與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較3Mother:John,cleanyourteethplease.John:Mum,Ihavealready(已經(jīng))cleaned

them.4

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主語(yǔ)+have(has）+過(guò)去分詞5例句：Ihave

already

hadlunch.

Haveyouhadlunchyet?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven't.Ihaven'thadlunchyet.Hehasgonetothelibrary?他是去了圖書(shū)館。

6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：

肯定式：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.

疑問(wèn)式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞?

否定式:

主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)主菜單用法1.

表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響。

(與一般過(guò)去時(shí)對(duì)比，一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。)

8現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法

用法2.動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。Ihavelivedherefor3years.HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.93.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷.上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)IhaveeverbeentotheSummerPalace?(我曾去過(guò)頤和園)MaryhasgonetoBeiJingwithhermother(去了)

Ihaveneverhadacar.(我從未有過(guò)汽車(chē)。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單10現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)◆常與①already,②never,③ever,④just,

⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks

⑩thesedays,

⑾since⑿foralongtime

連用上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單1112動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的變化規(guī)則規(guī)則變化：

一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed

，如：

workedplayedwantedacted

以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d，如：

livedmoveddecidedhoped以輔音字母

+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i

再加-ed，如：

studiedtriedcopiedcried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed，如：

stoppedbeggeddroppedplanned

1213不規(guī)則變化AB型

can-couldshall-should

will-would

may-mightAAA型

cost-cost-cost

cut-cut-cut

hit-hit-hit

hurt-hurt-hurt

let-let-let

put-put-put

set-set-set

shut-shut-shut

read-read-read

AAB型

beat-beat-beaten

ABA型

become-became-become

come-came-come

run-ran-run

13現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞

1．在表示“用法1”時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和副詞already,yet,never,ever,before,just等連用。.14a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。Hehasalreadylefthere.

他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了。Hashealreadylefthere?

他（真的）已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.

我的老師們還沒(méi)有吃早飯。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?

你已經(jīng)給你父母寫(xiě)過(guò)信了嗎？152.yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法

否定句:句末“還(沒(méi))”疑問(wèn)句:句末“己經(jīng)”

Eg.Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?16b）never是否定詞，表示“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，而ever表示“曾經(jīng)”WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.

我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?

你們?cè)?jīng)去過(guò)加拿大嗎？17c）just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already，never等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間）Hehasjustcomeback.

他剛剛回來(lái)。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.

他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。18現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞

1．在表示“用法2”時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，sofar,uptonow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。191.for

+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段時(shí)間202.since

+從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí))

單詞

詞組

(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.21since:(自…以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

22

注1):since也可單獨(dú)使用,表示“自那時(shí)起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.23注2):對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)必須用howlong,決不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?24※短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換25leave--come/go(to)--arrive(at/in)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--

beaway(from)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/an…beonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarried

be26短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系

●短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：①become,

②begin,③buy,④borrow,

⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,

⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。主菜單27

become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in…，

die→be

dead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）

leave→beaway(from…),下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單28

●但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我買(mǎi)這輛自行車(chē)還不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單29

翻譯練習(xí)：

1.我買(mǎi)了這塊手表五年了。

2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。

Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since

5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10

yearsago.WW下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單30

3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。

4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。

5.我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.

Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.

Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WWW下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單31havebeen與havegone的用法比較

havebeento意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。havebeenin

意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單32

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？

Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前從未去過(guò)那兒，是嗎？

IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。

ShehasgonetoNanjing.

她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單33與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單34四)Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間

+since+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí))=一段時(shí)間+haspassed

+since+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí))

Eg.Itis/hasbeenfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.35eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典。

HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)

第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”

“過(guò)去他買(mǎi)了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買(mǎi)過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明。主菜單36二．當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí):上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)eg:

Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.

但since(自…以來(lái))+某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg：

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.

Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜單37三．常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ):上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;

eg:

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜單38上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)主菜單39動(dòng)詞填空：

1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單404.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgavehasgiven下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單41選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單42用Havebeento,havegoneto,

havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單43改錯(cuò)1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單44Thehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.

Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned

2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

---Yes,italldependsontheweather.

AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold

3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.

AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe

4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet

5.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?

-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.

AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning

456.--Whenwilltheyleave?

---They______ver