5種簡(jiǎn)單句（課堂PPT）

FiveTypesofSimpleSentences

簡(jiǎn)單句的五種類型1十大詞類(PartsofSpeech)

英語(yǔ)中的詞可以根據(jù)詞義，句法作用和形式特征分為十大詞類：名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、冠詞、連詞、數(shù)詞、感嘆詞。2詞類英語(yǔ)名稱

意義實(shí)義詞n.表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱v.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，分為五類：及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)、不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞pron.代替名詞，數(shù)詞等num.表示數(shù)量或順序，分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞adv.修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或其它副詞或句子adj.用于修飾名詞，表示人或事物的屬性或特征等虛詞art.限制名詞的意義，有不定冠詞(a,an)，定冠詞(the)prep.表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系conj.用于連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)或句子與句子interj.表示說(shuō)話人情感或口氣3需要弄清楚的幾個(gè)概念：1、及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)：后面帶有賓語(yǔ)，意思才能完整。

eg.Theywantsomebooks.Heis

readingabook.2、不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)：本身意義完整，不需跟賓語(yǔ)。

eg.Birdsfly.Heworksinthefactory.

3、系動(dòng)詞：系動(dòng)詞本身雖有一定的詞義，但不完整，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和作表語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)(如形容詞,名詞等)連用,構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。如：be(是),look(看起來(lái)像),become(成為,變得)等。

eg.Theyareteachers.Hebecameveryinterestedinscience.

4句子成分(ElementsoftheSentence)

組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫句子成分，主要有：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，其中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主要成分。5句子成分英語(yǔ)名稱

可充當(dāng)這些成分的詞和結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)Subject名詞、代詞(代詞主格或名詞性物主代詞)、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式或其它相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)及主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)Predicate謂語(yǔ)只能由動(dòng)詞（詞組）擔(dān)當(dāng)

表語(yǔ)Predicative由形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞(賓格或名詞性物主)、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞（詞組)及表語(yǔ)從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)Object一般由名詞或與之相應(yīng)的其他詞類、短語(yǔ)或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)Attribute由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、名詞所有格、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式及其短語(yǔ)等擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)Adverbial由副詞、不定式及其短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、以及狀語(yǔ)從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)主賓補(bǔ)語(yǔ)ObjectComplement由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞性從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)6主語(yǔ):表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事,謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣賓語(yǔ): 表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):補(bǔ)充賓語(yǔ)的成分表語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征,位于系動(dòng)詞之后。

以上的成分稱為基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2--4個(gè)基本成分。句子成分(ElementsoftheSentence)

7定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautiful

city.Chinaisadeveloping

country;

Americaisadeveloped

country.Therearethirty

women

teachersisourschool.His

rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst

toentertheclassroom.Theteaching

planfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Tomisaboywholikesmusicverymuch.（形容詞）（分詞）（名詞）（代詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）8狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)。通常有副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)．狀語(yǔ)種類如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語(yǔ)）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（條件狀語(yǔ)）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）9Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.方式狀語(yǔ)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.伴隨狀語(yǔ)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.目的狀語(yǔ)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.讓步狀語(yǔ)Iamtallerthanheis.比較狀語(yǔ)10同位語(yǔ):

對(duì)其前面的名詞代詞做進(jìn)一步解釋.ThatisMr.Chen,ourEnglishteacher.

插入語(yǔ):

對(duì)一句話作一些附加的解釋.

Tobehonest,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)及插入語(yǔ)可以稱為附屬句子成分。11分類說(shuō)明例句簡(jiǎn)單句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的句子。即一套主謂關(guān)系。1.TomandIfoundherthere.2.Weallbreathe,eatandwork.并列句由并列連詞（and,so,but,or等）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。1.Helikeseggs,buthedoesn’tlikechickens.2.Workhardoryouwillfallbehind.復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子1.Ibelieveyouareright.2.Ifyoustudyharder,youwillpasstheexam.句子分類12

判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.簡(jiǎn)單句

復(fù)合句

簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句

135.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句

復(fù)合句并列句

復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句14FiveTypesofSimpleSentences

簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句型15簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Thesunrises.2.Idon’tlikebasketball.3.Dannyistired.4.Heshowsmeabook.5.Ifoundtheoldmaningoodhealth主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)________________________________________________________________________________16FiveTypesofSimpleSentences:1.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞2.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)3.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)5.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)Subject+IntransitiveVerbSubject+TransitiveVerb+ObjectSubject+LinkVerb+PredictiveSubject+Verb+IndirectObject+DirectObjectSubject+Verb+Object+Complement17FiveTypesofSimpleSentences:1.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞2.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)3.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)5.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)S+VS+V+OS+V+PS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C18基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）1.Time2.Thesun3.Theman4.Everybodyflies.rises.cooked.laughed．此句型中動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,能表達(dá)完整意思，沒(méi)有直接賓語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)---定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)---狀語(yǔ)如，Theredsunrisesintheeast.19例如：

Thewater

isboiling.SV

They

havebeenwaitingthereforhours.SV

Thetrain

willleavesoon.SV

Theflags

arewavinginthewindSV20基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）1.He2.Thedinner3.Theweather

issmellsbecametallandstrong.good.warmer.系動(dòng)詞主要是指be動(dòng)詞的各種變化形式，也包括那些有時(shí)起系動(dòng)詞作用的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。此句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。21系動(dòng)詞有三類：1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的：be,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,sound,taste2.表狀態(tài)延續(xù)的：remain,stay,keep,continue,stand3.表狀態(tài)變化的：become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow22He

is

agoodstudent.SVPShe

is

intheclassroom.SVP

It

isgetting

warmerandwarmer.SVP

Thetrees

turn

green.SVP23

基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）ＳＶ（及物動(dòng)詞）Ｏ(賓語(yǔ))1.Who

2.She3.I4.I5.Iknowslaughatwantdon’tknowenjoytheanswer?her.tohaveacupoftea.whattodo.livinghere.此句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，必須跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整，而賓語(yǔ)成分的多樣化使這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。24

He

has

asister.SVO

They

wanted

tohavearest.SVO

She

carriedout

herplan.SVO

He

likes

watchingTV.SVO25動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)：常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：agree,choose,decide,expect,fail,hope,wish,manage,offer,plan,refuse,want等e.g.Hemanaged

toescapefromthefire.26常見(jiàn)的只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：admit，allow，avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape,fancy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,risk,stop,suggest等。e.g.Youshouldavoidmentioninghisdivorce.27動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：giveup,insiston,feellike,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto,bebusy,等e.g.HewillkeeptryingoutnewideassohecanhelpfarmersaroundChina.Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.28有些動(dòng)詞，后面皆可以接動(dòng)名詞，也可以接不定式做賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有attempt，begin,continue,fear,forget,hate,help,intend,learn,like,love,need,prefer,regret,remember,start,stop,try,want.等有些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞與不定式，意思會(huì)有所不同。29Stoptalking,StoptotalkIcan’thelplaughingIcan’thelptocleantheoffice.RegrettellingRegrettotellForgetpostingtheletterForgettoposttheletterRemembersendingherane-mailRemembertosendherane-mail.30

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.I2.Heshowedboughthimmemypictures.abeautifulskirt.此句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者（多指物），另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接賓語(yǔ)（多指人）。若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)，后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)，則要借助與介詞to或for。Heboughtmeabeautifulskirt.Heboughtabeautifulskirtforme.31用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for

側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing等。32She

brought

me

ashirt.SVIODOPass

him

thedictionary,please.VIODO

I

lend

him

mybicycle.SVIODOHermother

bought

her

askirt.SVIODO

33

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語(yǔ)）Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）1.We2.They3.We4.Ikeepcallaskedsaw

thetablesupperhimthem

clean.dinner.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.

此句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還需跟一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。34注意：用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面，是英語(yǔ)常用句型。即主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。如，Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有:think,believe,consider,suppose,find,feel,make35We

call

him

XiaoLiu.SVOCThenews

made

me

happy.SVOCHe

keeps

hishand

behindhisback.SVOCThestory

made

us

laugh.SVOCHe

heard

somebody

openingthedoor.SVOC36動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式（todo）常見(jiàn)的可用不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：want,ask,wish,allow,forbid,encourage,force,invite,order,persuade,tell,advise等。e.g.Hewantmetobecareful.heaskedmetomarryhim.37在感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,smell,feel等動(dòng)詞后不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，省略to.在被動(dòng)句中to不能省。e.g.IsawhimdanceHewasseentodance.在使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make等后面做賓補(bǔ)，不定式省略to.被動(dòng)句中則不能省略！e.g.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.38現(xiàn)在分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,have,get等動(dòng)詞后做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。e.g.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingwithfear.IcouldseeoldTomswimmingbytheboat,showingustheway.39過(guò)去分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,have,make,get等動(dòng)詞后做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。e.g.Totheirsurprise,thethreecountriesfoundthemselvesunitedpeacefullyinsteadofbywar.Shefailedtomakeherselfheardabovethenoiseofthetraffic.40Youaresittingonthetrainhome.Therecomesthebus!Theego’spotentialforexpansionislimitless.BreckenridgehoststheinternationalSnowSculptureChampionships.Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterday.Wethinkitourdutytostudywell.主+謂（S+V）主+謂（S+V）主+系+表（S+V+P）主+動(dòng)+賓（SVO）主+動(dòng)+間賓+直賓（SVOiOd）主+動(dòng)+賓+補(bǔ)（SVOC）判斷下列句子屬于何種句式．Exercises:41更正下列句子的錯(cuò)誤Exercises:1.Hecametheroom.2.Themusicsounds.3.Ihaveseen.4.Hegaveapenme.5.Thebossmadetheboytoworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabooktome.1.Hecameintotheroom.2.Themusicsoundswonderful.3.Ihaveseenthefilm.4.Hegaveapentome.5.Thebossmadetheboyworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabookforme.42After-classExercise43Mysisterisanurse.Theyaredrinking.Theyaredrinkingtea.Theoldmanwalksinthepark.Shepassedhimthesalt.Wekeepthetableclean._______S

_V______P____S___________V____S__________V__O__________S____V___S_____V___IO______DO__S____V_______O____C判斷下面的句子是哪種句型447.Theyworkhard.8.Theflowerisdead.9.Plantsneedwater.10.Hegivesmesomeseeds.11.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.12.Manyanimalsliveintrees.____S____V________S__V____P_____S____V____O___S____V___IO_________DO___S__________V________O__________C____________S___V45Thespringiscoming.Inspring,theweatherbecomeswarmer.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Showmeyourbooks.Keepthemwarmatnight.S+VS+V+PS+V+OS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C46Theyworkhard.Thefloweris