賓語從句-說課講解

賓語從句

TheObjectClause第一頁，共41頁。Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語(zhǔyǔ)謂語(wèiyǔ)賓語(bīnyǔ)（簡單句）主語謂語賓語從句連詞從句主語

從句謂語

主句（復(fù)合句）第二頁，共41頁。賓語(bīnyǔ)從句的概念：在復(fù)合句中放在動詞或介詞后充當(dāng)賓語(bīnyǔ)的句子叫賓語(bīnyǔ)從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞(liáncí)（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句第三頁，共41頁。賓語(bīnyǔ)從句三要素：一、引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)詞二、語序:陳述語序（主語+謂語）三、時態(tài)四、if,when引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別五、賓語從句的反意疑問句六、否定轉(zhuǎn)移第四頁，共41頁。第一講：賓語從句(cónɡjù)的引導(dǎo)詞一、引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)詞that從句是陳述句(口語中常省略(shěnglüè)）if/whether（是否）從句是一般疑問句wh/how(即特殊疑問詞)從句是特殊疑問句Weknow（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?引導(dǎo)詞是從句的一個成份，所以用哪個引導(dǎo)詞，看從句成份是否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑問句。完整，判斷主句語氣，是疑問語氣，用if/whether;是肯定語氣，用that.第五頁，共41頁。一、連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）1.當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導(dǎo)，因為that在從句中不作任何(rènhé)成分，也沒有任何(rènhé)具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略LinTaofeels

(that)

hisownteamisevenbetter.

Shesays

(that)

shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought

(that)

thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid

(that)

hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.第六頁，共41頁。在主句為動詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略(shěnglüè)that的從句也可算是賓語從句I’msorry

(that)

Idon’tknow.We’resure

(that)

ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid

(that)

hewon’tpasstheexam.第七頁，共41頁。注：that在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分(chéngfèn)，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略e.g.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小時后他會回來）Hesaid(that)______________________.（他非常想念(xiǎngniàn)我們）Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.（地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）

hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmovesaroundthesun第八頁，共41頁。2.當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)（口語中常用if），因為if/whether翻譯成：“是否”，具有一定的意義，所以(suǒyǐ)不能省略Lilywantedtoknow

if/whether

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whether

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedme

if/whether

shecouldborrowthesebooks.第九頁，共41頁。If/whether（是否(shìfǒu)）的區(qū)別

一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下(yǐxià)4種情況只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.②在介詞后：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.③與ornot連用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.④做主語從句：Whetherheisrightisn’timportant.第十頁，共41頁。3.當(dāng)賓語(bīnyǔ)從句是特殊疑問句時，由連接代詞（what,who,whom,which,whose）或連接副詞（when,where,how,why）引導(dǎo)，因為連接代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略Doyouknow

what

hesaidjustnow?Idon’tremember

when

wearrived.Iaskedhim

where

Icouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellme

who(whom)

wehavetosee.Doyouknow

whattime

theplaneleaves?第十一頁，共41頁。由連接代詞(dàicí)what,whom,whose,which,what及連接副詞when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1.Heasked__________________________.(誰能回答這個問題(wèntí)）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他們在等誰）3.Heasked__________________________________.（誰的書法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我們什么時候開會）5.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪兒）6.Couldyoutellme______________________.（我該怎么去車站）7.Wouldyoutellme_________________（為什么火車遲到了）

whocouldanswerthequestion

whomtheyarewaitingfor

whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass

whenwe’llhaveameeting

whereheis

howIcangettothestation

whythetrainislate第十二頁，共41頁。帶how的詞組也都可以引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)賓語從句Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?第十三頁，共41頁。1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that

DABC第十四頁，共41頁。5.Iwonder_______heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when6.Haveyoufoundout______wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_______shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whetherBABD第十五頁，共41頁。二、時態(tài)1.如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài),或祈使句（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際(shíjì)情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.第二(dìèr)講：賓語從句的時態(tài)第十六頁，共41頁。2.如果(rúguǒ)主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.第十七頁，共41頁。3.當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般(yībān)現(xiàn)在時。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.第十八頁，共41頁。1.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)2.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundthesun.3.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)4.LingFengtoldmehe_________toShanghaiseveraltimes.(be)5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)6.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)

wrote

moves

hastaken

hadbeenrisesdid第十九頁，共41頁。三、語序(yǔxù)賓語從句的語序(yǔxù)用陳述語序(yǔxù)：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分第三講：賓語從句(cónɡjù)的語序例如(lìrú)：Wheredoeshelive?Idon’tknow.=Idon’tknowwherehelives.第二十頁，共41頁。1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?第二十一頁，共41頁。4.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?They’renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.They’renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.第二十二頁，共41頁。1.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?Doyouknow?

2.Mr.SmithhavebeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.JimtoldLinTao.

Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?JimtoldLinTao(that)MrSmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.

第二十三頁，共41頁。3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?Pleasetellme.4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Ourteachertoldusinyesterday’sclass.PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.Ourteachertoldus(that)lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterday’sclass.第二十四頁，共41頁。1．could/would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此賓語從句的時態(tài)(shítài)根據(jù)實際情況用不同時態(tài)(shítài)。注意事項Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?第二十五頁，共41頁。2.如果主句(zhǔjù)的謂語動詞是ask時，連詞不可能是that；如果主句(zhǔjù)的謂語動詞是say時，連詞用thatShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.第二十六頁，共41頁。3.如果從句(cónɡjù)中含有or或ornot時，只能用whether而不用ifCouldyoutellme

whether

that’safasttrain

or

not?Doyouknow

whether

heisright

ornot

?Idon’tcare

whetherhe’llstayhere

ornot

.第二十七頁，共41頁。4.否定(fǒudìng)的轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句的謂語主語是第一人稱,謂語動詞是think,believe,guess,suppose等詞時，其后面的賓語從句的否定(fǒudìng)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。Idon'tthinkheisright.附加疑問句（反意疑問句）1.當(dāng)主句主語為I（我），主句動詞為suppose,believe，think等，則根據(jù)從句判斷，但肯、否定(fǒudìng)形式根據(jù)主句判斷：Idon’tthinkheisserious,_________?第二十八頁，共41頁。5.標(biāo)點符號(biāodiǎnfúhào)的確定帶有賓語從句的主從(zhǔcóng)復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點符號取決于主句。主句是陳述句:。HeaskedmewhereIwentjustnow.問句：？Doyouknowwhenhe’llbeback?第二十九頁，共41頁。1.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation2.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike3.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD第三十頁，共41頁。4.Couldyoutellmewherewe_______nextweek.A.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoD.willgo5.Couldyoutellmehowmuch________toflytoHainan?A.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcostD.itcosts6.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow______.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockingsDBD第三十一頁，共41頁。7.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis8.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChinaBD第三十二頁，共41頁。將下列句子(jùzi)合并為一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.

Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.

Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework.第三十三頁，共41頁。第三十四頁，共41頁。【例1】WhenIwenttohavethebill,IrealizedIhad

mywalletathome.［2006北京市］

A.forgottenB.leftC.hadD.taken中考典型(diǎnxíng)例題解析【例3】—Doyouknow_________Icouldpasstheexam?—Sorry,I'venoidea.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.whichB【例2】Couldyoutellme_________?［2003甘肅?。?/p>

A.whenwillTomcomebackB.whendoesTomcomebackC.whenTomwillcomebackD.whenTomcomesbackCB【例4】Doyouknow_________duringthecomingsummerholiday?［2003北京(běijīnɡ)海淀區(qū)］A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdidC第三十五頁，共41頁?！纠?】MrKingdidn'tknow_________yesterdayevening.［2003吉林?。?/p>

A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome【例5】—Doyouknow_________?［2003北京市］

—Nextyear.A.whenhecomeB.whendidhecomeC.whenhewillcomeD.whenwillhecomeC【例6】Couldyoutellus_________?［2003河南省］

A.whenyouwillsendthefridgetoourhouseB.whenwillyousendthefridgetoourhouseC.whenyouwouldsendthefridgetoourhouseD.whenwouldyousendthefridgetoourhouseDA第三十六頁，共41頁。Ⅰ.單項選擇(xuǎnzé)1.Doyouremember_________lasttime?A.whatisyourteachersayingB.whatyourteachersaidC.whatdidyourteachersayD.whatyourteachersays2.Hedidn'ttellme_________.A.howoldhewasB.howoldwasheC.hewashowoldD.howmuchdiditcost3.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_________?A.what'swrongwithhimB.whatwrongiswithhimC.whatwaswrongwithhimD.whatwrongwaswithhim課時(kèshí)訓(xùn)練(B)(A)(A)第三十七頁，共41頁。4.Excuseme，canyoutellme_________?A.doesthetrainleaveB.thetrainhadleftC.thetrainleavesD.didthetrainleave5.Iwonder_________.A.wherehaveyougoneB.whereyouhavegoneC.wherehaveyoubeenD.whereyouhavebeen6.Hewantstoknow_________America.A.whenwillMr.LileaveforB.whenwillMr.WangstayinC.whywillMr.WangstayinD.whenMr.Wangwillleavefor7.Iwanttoknowif_________ameetingtomorrow.A.youhaveB.youwillhaveC.doyouhaveD.willyouhave(C)(D)(D)(B)第三十八頁，共41頁。8.I'dliketoknow_________.A.whenwillhegivebackthetapeB.whetherhashereceivedhighe