高考非謂語講解(含解題技巧)復習課程

高考非謂語講解(含解題技巧)英語一句話只能有一個主謂結構如果出現(xiàn)更多動詞：加連詞（and/but/so…）放入從句變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Whenshegotoffthebus,sheleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,

butsheleftherhandbagonherseat.2謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的區(qū)別1.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_____tothenotice.A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.

A.seizing,disappearedB.seized..,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing兩個動作之間用

and

連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個動詞的形式的一致性，故B、D皆錯；不用and連接時稱之為狀語，只能用非謂語動詞作狀語，故C錯。seized

和took

是并列謂語，disappearing是伴隨狀語。此題的關鍵是and

的位置，如果and

在disappear

前，則三個動詞并列。AD非謂語動詞就是不能作句子謂語而具有其他語法功能的動詞。非謂語不定式（todo)doing(動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞)done(過去分詞)

非謂語動詞有哪些？非謂語動詞主語賓語補語定語狀語表語tododoingdone非謂語動詞在句中通常作什么成分？非謂語動詞主語賓語補語定語狀語表語tododoingdone√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√1、作主語或表語時在表示比較抽象的一般行為時多用doing；在表示具體的動作，特別是將來的動作時，多用todo。Smokingisnotallowedhere.(表習慣、愛好、或抽象的動作、經(jīng)常做的事情。)2.Tosmokesomuchisnotgoodforyou.(表具體的、一次性動作、要做的事情。)3.Theirjobisbuildinghouses.(抽象、經(jīng)常的動作)4.Theirworkistobuildanotherbridgeacrosstheriver.(具體、要做的動作)1.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_____.A.he’dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having在and連接的并列句中，兩個主語最好要保持一致的形式。動名詞fishing和collectingcoins分別作兩個簡單句的主語。這句話的意思為“釣魚是他的愛好，集郵也給他帶來極大的樂趣?！盌D非謂語動詞作主語時要注意以下兩個重要問題：1.并行結構問題，

Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.2.需要注意一些結構：A)在It’snouse(good;value;importance)等結構中只用動名詞作主語。如：It’snousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.

注意比較：There’snoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在It’s+adj.+todo。注意兩種句型：

It’seasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,

comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,

thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加forsb.todo

It’skind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,

thoughtless,brave,considerate(考慮周到的),silly,

selfish(自私的))后加ofsb.todo3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_____itmoredifficult.A.notmake B.nottomake C.notmaking D.donotmakeB在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式非謂語動詞作表語時要特別注意兩個問題，1.并行結構問題，2.時間問題。todo作表語都表示該動作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的、愿望、夢想、需求”等名詞作主語時其表語應該用不定式。doing作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。注：1動名詞作表語與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：動名詞作表語時相當于名詞，說明主語的含義及內(nèi)容，它與主語是同等關系，主語與表語互換位置不影響句子的基本含義，但不可用副詞來修飾?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語時相當于形容詞，說明主語的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等，主語與表語不可互換位置，但可用very,quite等副詞來修飾，如：Myjobislookingafterthechildren.Ourdutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul.Thesituationisencouraging.Thiscakeisveryinviting.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.注：2過去分詞作表語與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別：Whathesaidsounds__________(convince).Hewas___________(interest)inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas____________(interest)．convincinginterestedinteresting使…信服類似情況還有：surprising~surprised,exciting~excited,tiring~tired,disappointing~disappointed,encouraging~encouraged，

amazed~amazing,bored~boring,pleasing~pleased,astonishing~astonished.

-ed分詞Sb.+Link.v+-ed分詞-ing分詞

Sth.+Link.v+-ing分詞人的感覺事物本身的特點非謂語動詞主語賓語補語定語狀語表語不定式-ing分詞過去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√2、作賓語時不定式和動名詞都可作賓語,有何區(qū)別？2.有些動詞后只跟動名詞作賓語3.有些動詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動名詞作賓語，但意義上有明顯差別1.有些動詞后只跟不定式作賓語

1.有些動詞后只跟todo作賓語，如：

……manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(幫助)，want(想要),refuse等。

2.有些動詞后只跟doing作賓語，如：avoid,admit,consider,miss,delay/postpone,suggest/advise,finish,practise,enjoy/appreciate,imagine,resist/can`thelp,deny,envy,escape,risk,stand,mind,keep/keeponprefer…..to…..,lookforwardto,beusedto,devote…to…,leadto,getdownto,giveup,keepon,succeedin,feellike,bebusy,beworth,havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)

注：在動詞advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。Wedon’tallowfishinghere.Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.1)Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostCB有的動詞盡管可以用兩種結構，但意義明顯不同，須認真加以區(qū)別：IforgottoclosethedoorbeforeIlefttheroom.Iforgothavingclosedthedoor.Hetriedtowritebetter.(盡量努力地寫)Hetriedwritingwithabrush.(用毛筆試著寫)Icouldn’thelpfinishingit.(不能不結束某事)Icouldn’thelptofinishit.(不能幫助結束某事)Theystoppedfishing.(停止釣魚)Theystoppedtofish.(離開某處出發(fā)去釣魚)Iregrettosaythatthereisnowineinthebottle.(對現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示遺憾、抱歉)

Iregretnottakingyouradvice.(后悔)3.remember,forget,regret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop4.主動表被動:want(需要)

need(需要)

require(需要)Sth.+deserve(值得，應受)+doing

使用動名詞作賓語時，用主動形式表達被動含義tobedone使用不定式作賓語時，依然用被動形式表達被動含義1.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____tomynewjob.A.expected B.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB注意1：不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.

Myquestioniswhentostart.非謂語動詞主語賓語補語定語狀語表語不定式-ing分詞過去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√3、作補語時Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一感覺:

feel2.當遇到下列動詞時,不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.

醫(yī)生建議他去南方.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.+sbtodo1.能接帶to的不定式作補足語的動詞3.不定式和分詞作賓語補足語或主語補足語表達的意義不同。Isawhimgoupstairs.（動作全過程）Isawhimgoingupstairs.（動作正在進行）－Don’thavemewaitingforyououtside?

－Iwon’t.Ijusthavemyhaircut.①Iheardher______(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.ShewasheardtosinganEnglishsong.②Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.Shewasheardsingingthesong.(Shewasheardtobesingingthesong.錯）③IheardtheEnglishsong______(sing)manytimes.IheardtheEnglishsong____________(sing)whenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.singsingingsungbeingsungFillintheblank:1.Hewassurprisedtofindhisroom

thoroughly_______.(clean)2.LastnightIsawhim_______(play)theviolinwithhiseyes_______(shut).“被動”“主動”cleanedplayingshut“被動”Iheardmysister________thatsonginEnglishoutside.(sing)

Theyonceheardthesong_________inEnglish.

Motherheardherkid___________thedoor.Motherheardthedoor_____________.(open)Withthetest

_________(finish),webegantoanalyzetheresult.Wouldyoupleasespeakloudersoasto________?A.makeyouhearB.makeyourselfhearC.makeyouheardD.makeyourselfheardDsingingsungopeningopened鞏固練習三finishedTheboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.notto B.nottodo C.nottoit D.donottoA為了避免重復，常用省do留to來代替前面的動作。如：e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?Yes,______.A.I’dliketo

B.I’dliketogo注意：不定式是tobe結構,be不可省.

e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?Yes,_______.A.I’dliketobe.B.I’dliketo.AA2.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople___.A.haveitdo B.haveitdone C.havedoneit D.havingitdone使役動詞make/have/letsb.dosth.但改為被動語態(tài)后，則應為：bemade/lettodo。注意其它不帶to的動詞不定式的用法。此句中的it指代的是acomputer，what在從句中作do的賓語，表示“人們讓計算機所做的事“應該用…peoplehaveacomputerdo…這一結構。需要注意的是have的幾個常用結構：havesb./sth.do…;havesb./sth.done…;havesb./sth.doing…;havesb./sth.todoBA4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear.A.carryout B.carryingoutC.carriedout D.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen___neartheriver.A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplaythat引導的是定語從句，修飾plan，在從句中作see的賓語。因此從句中的結構應為seetheplancarriedout。特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補的區(qū)別。感官性動詞后面的賓補若用不定式，則表示一個完整的動作；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，則表示正在進行的動作。本句應理解為正在進行的動作。CA非謂語動詞主語賓語補語定語狀語表語不定式-ing分詞過去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√4、作定語時

todo,doing,done都可以作定語，主要區(qū)別在于它們的時態(tài)意義和語態(tài)意義。

1.todo作定語不定式與它所修飾的詞有動賓關系Haveyouanythingtosend?（不定式執(zhí)行者為you)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或別人）寄的嗎？

(不定式執(zhí)行者為被省略的me或someoneelse）不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容同位關系

Ihavenochancetogothere.被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語主謂關系

Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.Heislookingfor__________.（一間可以住的房子）Thereisnothing___________.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?---Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudytoworryabout（沒有什么可擔心的）aroomtolivein注意：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。2.分詞作定語與動詞不定式作定語的區(qū)別是：doing表示主動、進行之意；done表示被動與完成；todo表示在謂語動詞表示的動作之后即將發(fā)生的動作。①Thequestion__________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.②Thequestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.③Thequestion______________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed注：doing作定語有時意義不同：awalkingstickAswimmingpoolAsleepingcar區(qū)別ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，表示動作正在進行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。如果兩個動作有先有后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，而要用定語從句（避免用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作定語）e.g.Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.非謂語動詞主語賓語補語定語狀語表語不定式-ing分詞過去分詞√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√5、作狀語時

能作狀語的有todo,doing,done。

作什么樣的狀語往往取決于它們的位置和在句中的意義。*1.表目的Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.inorderto,soasto（不能放句首）2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表結果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.enough…to,too…to,onlyto…todo作狀語分詞作狀語，修飾謂語，大多說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來，這一結構的邏輯主語是主句的主語,而句子本身可與狀語從句等句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.Whenweheardthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.

=Hearingthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.2.Whenitisheated,themetalexpands.Heated,themetalexpands.3.Becausehedidn‘tknowhowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.=Notknowinghowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.4.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.=

Deeplymoved

bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.“主動”“被動”表示時間表示原因=5.________(look)outofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.=Ifyoulookoutofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.6._______(keep)infridge,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.

=If

theyarekeptinfridge,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.表示條件LookingKept7.Thechildrenrushedout,shoutingandjumping.8.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,________byherlittledaughter.(follow)9.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,________herlittledaughter.(follow)10.————(consider)asabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.=Althoughitisconsideredasabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.

表示讓步表示方式和伴隨情況followedfollowingConsidered11.Thecarwasheldupbythesnowstorm,thus______(cause)thedelay.12.Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,_______inthehead.

表示結果分詞作狀語時，分詞前可加連詞表示強調(diào)。e.g.

heated,icecanbechangedintowater．When

tired,Iwentonwiththework.

walkinginthestreet,Isawaroadaccident．WhileThoughcausingwounded現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結果狀語時的區(qū)別

1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)

A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake

2).Hehurriedtothestationonly________thatthetrainhadleft.(2005廣東)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefounddoing作結果狀語往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或意料之中”的結果。todo作結果狀語時通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一種結果

AA分詞的邏輯主語:分詞的邏輯主語一般為___________,但當分詞的動作執(zhí)行者和句子的動作執(zhí)行者不一致時，分詞前必須有自己的主語，e.g.Ifweatherpermits,wewillhaveafieldtrip.Weatherpermitting,we‘llhaveafieldtriptomorrow．這被稱為_____________。時間允許,我們將在去杭州的路上順道看一下我叔叔.Timepermitting,wewillvisitmyuncleonmywaytoHangzhou.主句的主語分詞的獨立結構1)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.2)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.

SeenSeeingtakentaking*但有些分詞作狀語屬習慣用法，分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語可以不一致。如：Judgingfromtheexpressiononhisface,hehadfailedthedrivingtestagain．

Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.類似的還有:SpeakingofTalkingof…1._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.Losing B.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose2.HesentmeanE-mail,_____togetfurtherinformation.A.hoped B.hoping C.tohope D.hopeloseoneselfinsth.表示“陷入…”，主語he為lose的賓語。注意hoping為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的toget…。CB3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.begins B.havingbegun C.beginning D.begun4.Findinghercarstolen,_____.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp B.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhere D.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelponce在此處只是副詞，后面的分詞必須考慮到與句子主語的關系。begin為及物動詞，意為“開始、啟動”，故該用過去分詞。本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。DD動名詞的復合結構動名詞前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語，構成動名詞的復合結構或動名詞短語1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：@做主語時，必須用名詞/代詞所有格@做賓語時，可用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格TheyinsistonTom’s(his)stayinglonger.(有生命，做賓語)Shedidn’tmindJack(him)cominglate.(有生命，做賓語)Tom’s(his)comingiswhatwehaveexpected.(有生命，做主語)2.邏輯主語是無生命名詞時，只用名詞普通格。Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?3.邏輯主語是指示代詞或不定代詞this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone時，只能用名詞普通格。Shewasdisturbedbysomebodyshoutingoutside.1)Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling2)________madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.Mary’smarriedJimC.Mary’smarryingJimD.Mary’sbeingmarriedJimCC3).Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught4).Thenoiseof____couldbeheardoutinthestreet.A.desksopeningandclosingB.desksopenedandclosedC.desksbeingopenedandclosedD.desks’beingopenedandclosedCC非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和被動

弄清非謂語動詞表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作之間的先后關系是解題的關鍵所在

非謂語表示的動作

非謂語動詞的形式在謂語表示的動作之后與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生在謂語表示的動作之前todo/tobedonetodo/tobedone/tobedoing;doing/beingdone;

done;tohavedone/tohavebeendone;havingdone/havingbeendone主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進行式完成式完成進行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------細1：不定式的時態(tài)(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動作（幾乎)同時發(fā)生或在它之后.)(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進行)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))不定式的時態(tài)不定式的語態(tài)（主被動）注意：1.不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構成主謂關系時，不定式用主動。Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?

(Akeyunlocksthedoor)2.不定式和它所修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，又和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系時，用主動。

(以主語為準）

Iknowwhattodo.(Idowhat)Heneedsaroomtolivein.(Helivesinaroom)Ihavegotalettertowrite.(Iwritealetter)Iknowwhatistobedone.(橫線為賓語從句，而what是do的動作對象）3.不定式前有說明該不定式特性的性質(zhì)形容詞(e.g.easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible等)，和句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，不定式多用主動。（因為adj后往往被認為省去了forone/people)Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.

(forsomeonetounderstandthebook)Heishardtotalkto.

(foronetotalktohim)Thewaterisnotfittodrink.主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone細2：doing時態(tài)：@如果動名詞的動作與謂語動作沒有明確的時間先后，多用一般式。e.g.Hiscomingwillbeofgreathelptous.Weareinterestedinplayingchess.

如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，通常用完成時態(tài)。e.g.I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.@但在某些動詞或詞組后，通常只用動名詞的一般式。e.g.Onhearingthebadnews,shecouldn’thelpcrying.分詞的時態(tài):-ing/-ed+主句（不強調(diào)動作先后）;HavingdoneHavingbeendonee.g.1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.2.Havingbeenused

formanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，且有主動和被動結構；過去分詞無時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化。+主句（強調(diào)時間先后）高考題點擊：

Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggone C.going D.tohavegone2.Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudied B.tostudy C.tobestudying D.tohavebeenstudyingDAwouldlovetohavedone表示本想去做，但沒做成。

本題的關鍵是“whatcountryhestudiedin”，由此可知事情發(fā)生在過去。3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.A.totell B.tobetoldC.tobetelling D.tohavebeentold4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.tosee B.tobeseen C.seeing D.seen本題中母親被告知真象顯然發(fā)生在以前，所以你現(xiàn)在沒有必要再隱瞞了。remain后接todo，此處it指代的是后面的主語從句。他們是否喜歡有待于觀察，此處應為被動。DB5._____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.Exposed B.Havingexposed C.Beingexposed D.Afterbeingexposed6._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.Havingsuffered B.Suffering C.Tosuffer D.Suffered7.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_____totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvited B.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvited D.nothavingbeeninvited該句缺主語，只能用動名詞才能作主語。CAD8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settled B.settling C.tosettle D.beingsettledwith+n./pron.+O.C.構成一個獨立主格結構，在句中作狀語。用settled表示已經(jīng)解決了的問題；用beingsettled表示正在被解決的問題；用tobesettled表示將要被解決的問題。而此處的tosettle是用來作定語修飾前面的problems。另外還要注意一下分詞的獨立主格結構的基本用法。C非謂語動詞題目三步走：空格部分所需的是主句、從句、非謂語動詞(即判斷應填謂語/非謂語)主被動關系主動被動要根據(jù)它做的成分找一個參照物.比如說,非謂語作定語時要看與被修飾詞的關系,作賓語補足語時要考慮和賓語的關系,作狀語時要考慮和主語的關系.(如果是謂語的話,這一步就是在考慮用主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài))時間先后順序非謂語本身沒有時態(tài),只是表示與謂語動作的先后關系.如：不定式常表示沒有發(fā)生的動作；而分詞表示伴隨發(fā)生的動作(有時可以有先后,但不強調(diào)先后),如果先于謂語動作發(fā)生,經(jīng)常用havingdone(主動)或havingbeendone(被動).一、分析句子結構,辨別“謂語與非謂語”______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.______manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.ThoughhewastoldC___A注意連詞3.It___ahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.

4.____arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意標點符號

非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。二、1.找邏輯主語1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.4.Convincedofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.

一般來說，作狀語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語；作賓補的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是賓語；作定語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是被修飾詞。

A.totakeB.takingC.tobetakenD.takenD

BEverythingthey1._______everythingintoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.2.Everything______

intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.2.分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系?！癥oucan’tcatchme!”Janeshouted,_______away.

A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran2._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.LosingJane

thetwostudents三、時間先后順序--分析時態(tài)1.Thebuilding____nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding____nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.having

beenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuilt

D.built____C________B________D非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式（主動todo,被動tobedone）原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞（伴隨狀語表示主語的動作）原則三：用作結果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式（一般位于主句之后）原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應與主句主語保持一致原則六：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式（havingdone(主動)havingbeendone(被動)）原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動作正在進行;用過去分詞，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時表示被動意義英語非謂語動詞題的七條經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.（2007江西卷）

A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于進行航空飛行訓練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”與“訓練”為被動關系，故選D。如：Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.（2006廣東卷）

A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making

tocatchupthefirstbus.3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(2007湖南卷)A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing【解析】listen是伴隨sat而同時由主語he發(fā)出的，所以用-ing

作伴隨狀語；listento后跟不帶to的不定式/-ing作賓補。【解析】由于與句子主語之間為主動關系，且表示當時持續(xù)了一會兒，故用-ing。句意為：當信號燈變綠時，我站在那兒一會兒沒動，心想自己該怎么辦。

原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.

listento…do/doing…

－ing形式作伴隨狀語與todo作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語的－ing形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號;而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要比謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號。用括號里的詞的適當形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,

________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,

______alongspeech.(prepare)4.___________warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)preparingtoresthopingTokeep,,原則三：用作結果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結果，即結果在意料之中。不定式用作結果狀語表示非邏輯的結果，即結果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.（2007天津卷）

A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet【解析]此處用-ing表示自然而然的結果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.

大雨滂沱，造成了那個地方洪水泛濫。6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.

（2005山東卷）

A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching

8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.（2006陜西卷）

A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told

7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.(2005廣東卷)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的結果。原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動式；如果所涉及的動作正在進行，則用-ing的被動式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.（2007浙江卷）

A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard

【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見”，故要用被動式，因此可排除B和C。另外，由于“設法被聽見”為目的狀語，動作在當時尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選A。

11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】of后應接-ing，desks與openandclose之間存在邏輯上的被動關系，又因couldbeheard，所以選-ing的被動式表正在被進行的動作。of

astranger

hiseyessittingseat

vt.

fixone’seyesupon…=Iwasseated.Iseatedmyself.=Isatdown原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應與主句主語保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_____.（2006陜西卷）

A.Johnhastakenanextrajob

B.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajob

C.anextrajobhasbeentaken

D.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn

13.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.（2005全國卷III）

A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellring