第三版新視野讀寫2第6單元課件教學(xué)提綱

2Unit6Lessismore?第一頁，共53頁。SituationOne:Yourfamilyplantotravelabroadthissummer,andyouaretheonewhomakesthefinaldecisiontopickOnlyOnecountrytovisit.Thereareafewcountriestochoose:U.S.A.,Canada,U.K,Grace,Iceland,Switzerland,France,Italy,Spain,Germany,Russia,Singapore,Australia,andNewZealand.Youshouldmakethedecisionwithinacoupleofminutesduethelimitedtime.SituationTwo:Ifyougotoseeadoctor,andhetellsyouaboutdifferenttreatments,like“ChoiceAisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceBisXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…;ChoiceCisXXX,thebenefitsare…andtherisksare…Doyouthinkyoucanmakethechoiceimmediatelythatyouwillneverregret?第二頁，共53頁。Dr.BarrySchwartz第三頁，共53頁。1.Asfaraschoicesinourdailylifeareconcerned,haveyoueverbeentroubledwithsuchdilemma:tokeepallortogiveupsome?Justasallpeoplehavetomakedecisionsintheireverydaylives,collegestudentsarealwaysfacedwiththedilemmaofmakingrightchoices.Facedwithanabundanceofoptionstochoosefrom,theycan’tbearthepaintoloseanyopportunityandhaveastrongdesiretokeepalltheoptionsopen.Theytrytoavoidsuchanemotionalloss,andwouldratherpaythehighcosttokeepallthedoorsofopportunityopen.第四頁，共53頁。6UNITSectionA

2ObjectivesTotalkaboutwhethermoreisbetterthanlessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthecause-effectwritingskillLessismore?Doorcloser,areyou?第五頁，共53頁。DanAriely,Americaneconomistandpsychologist,wroteabookin2008entitledPredictablyIrrational(可預(yù)見(yùjiàn)的非理性):TheHiddenForcesThatShapeOurDecisions.Inthebookhechallengesreaders’assumptionsaboutmakingdecisionsbasedonrationalthought.Heexplains,“Mygoal,istohelpyoufundamentallyrethinkwhatmakesyouandthepeoplearoundyoutick.”DanAriely?第六頁，共53頁。XiangYuwasaprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.Inabout207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu(巨鹿(jùlù)之戰(zhàn))againsttheQinarmies.ThebattlemarkedthedeclineofQin’smilitarypower.TheyfinallybeattheQinarmy.TheBattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQindynasty,andithasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟).XiangYu&BattleofJulu第七頁，共53頁。IntroductiontoTransitionalparagraphBody:Dr.Ariely’sconclusionthebyDr.ArielyParas.1-3Paras.4Paras.5-9Paras.10-12Paras.13-14XiangYu’sstoryexperimentsuggestions第八頁，共53頁。PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity

aboutXiangYu.PartI—(Paras.1-3)第九頁，共53頁。rivaladj.[onlybeforenoun]aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(jìngzhēng)的，對(duì)抗的n.

aperson,company,orthingthatcompeteswithanotherinsport,business,etc.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(jìngzhēng)對(duì)手v.tobeasgood,impressive,etc.assb/sthelse與…相匹敵；比得上

第十頁，共53頁。imperialadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.

connectedwithanempire帝國(guó)的；皇帝的2.connectedwiththesystemformeasuringlength,weightandvolumeusingpounds,inches,etc.（度量衡）英制的Collocations:imperialarmy帝國(guó)軍隊(duì)imperialpolicies帝國(guó)政策(zhèngcè)imperialpower皇權(quán)第十一頁，共53頁。motivatev.1.tomakesbwanttodosth,especiallysththatinvolveshardworkandeffort激勵(lì)；激發(fā);

驅(qū)使;推動(dòng)…甘愿(gānyuàn)苦干；2.[oftenpassive]

tobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway成為…的動(dòng)機(jī)；是…的原因Whatmotivatedhertoleavehome?Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.第十二頁，共53頁。Translation這個(gè)計(jì)劃旨在促使員工(yuángōng)更加卓有成效地工作。Theplanis(designed)tomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.第十三頁，共53頁。convictionn.1.astrongopinionorbelief堅(jiān)定的看法（或信念）2.thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsthstronglyandofbeingsureaboutit深信；堅(jiān)信；堅(jiān)定；肯定convictionthat…3.

theactoffindingsbguiltyofacrimeincourt;thefactofhavingbeenfoundguilty判罪(pànzuì)；定罪；證明有罪convictionforsth第十四頁，共53頁。She'sawomanofstrongconvictions.Shehadafirmconvictionthatshewasalwaysright.Shehassixpreviousconvictionsfortheft.第十五頁，共53頁。validate

v.(formal)1.toprovethatsthistrue證實(shí)；確認(rèn)；確證(quèzhènɡ)2.tomakesthlegallyvalid使生效；使有法律效力3.tostateofficiallythatsthisusefulandofanacceptablestandard批準(zhǔn)；確認(rèn)…有效；認(rèn)可Collocations:tovalidateatheory證實(shí)理論tovalidateacontract使合同生效第十六頁，共53頁。conquestn.1.[sing.,

U]

theactoftakingcontrolofacountry,city,etc.byforce征服；占領(lǐng)2.[C]

anareaoflandtakenbyforce占領(lǐng)（或征服）的地區(qū)3.[C]

(usuallyhumorous)

apersonthatsbhaspersuadedtolovethemortohavesexwiththem（愛情方面）被俘虜?shù)娜?/p>

4.[U]

theactofgainingcontroloversththatisdifficultordangerous（對(duì)困難、危險(xiǎn)(wēixiǎn)等的）控制第十七頁，共53頁。Collocations:theconquestofdisease戰(zhàn)勝(zhànshèng)疾病theconquestofnature對(duì)自然的征服theconquestofspace對(duì)宇宙的征服Thestatementlaidbarehisambitionforworldconquest.第十八頁，共53頁。Whenfacingchoicesofrivaloptions,thinkaboutwhatXiangYuwoulddo.XiangYuorderedhistroops'cookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburnedaftertakinghistroopsacrossarivertoraidtheenemy.

XiangYuexplainedthathisdecisionwasanecessitytoattainthevictory.Buthisunusualdecisionwouldbevalidatedonhisbattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.IntroductiontoXiangYu’sstoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunity(Para.1)(Para.2)

(Para.3)第十九頁，共53頁。PartIIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothemodernstoryofthestudentsatMIT.PartII—(Para.4)第二十頁，共53頁。enlighteningadj.tendingtoincreaseknowledgeordissipateignorance有啟迪(qǐdí)的；使人感悟的enlightenv.(formal)

rmationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter啟發(fā)(qǐfā)；開導(dǎo)；闡明

Phrase:enlightensbabout〔on〕sth使(某人)領(lǐng)悟(lǐnɡwù)〔明白〕(某事)第二十一頁，共53頁。Wouldyouenlightenmeonyourplansforthefuture?請(qǐng)給我解釋一下你將來(jiānglái)的計(jì)劃好嗎?Translation第二十二頁，共53頁。behavioral(behavioural)adj.relatingtothebehaviorofapersonoranimal,ortothestudyoftheirbehavior

行為(xíngwéi)的；行為(xíngwéi)研究的emotionalandbehavioralproblems第二十三頁，共53頁。profitv(formal)

togetsthusefulfromasituation;tobeusefultosborgivethemanadvantage獲益；得到好處(hǎochu)；對(duì)…有用（或有益）

~by/fromsth/v.ing得益于TranslationShewillneverbeaprofessionalmusician,butI'msurethatshehasprofitedfromhermusiclessons.她永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成為(chéngwéi)一名職業(yè)音樂家,然而我敢肯定她從音樂課中學(xué)到很多東西。第二十四頁，共53頁。n.themoneythatyoumakeinbusinessorbysellingthings,especiallyafterpayingthecostsinvolved利潤(rùn)；收益(shōuyì)；贏利Thereisverylittleprofitinsellingnewspapersatpresent.

第二十五頁，共53頁。ThisexamplefromancienttimesleadstotheexperimentatMITwhereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.Theexperimentshowedthat:Transitionalparagraph(Para.4)studentscouldn’tbeartoseetheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.第二十六頁，共53頁。PartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthepurposeandsignificanceoftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudentslosingmoney.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents’irrationalbehavior.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedon’tseethefuturevanishingawayPartIII—(Paras.5-9)第二十七頁，共53頁。preservev.1.tokeepaparticularquality,feature,etc.;tomakesurethatsthiskept保護(hù)；維護(hù)；保留2.topreventsth,especiallyfood,fromdecayingbytreatingitinaparticularway貯存；保鮮(bǎoxiān)

3.[oftenpassive]

tokeepsthinitsoriginalstateingoodcondition維持…的原狀；保存；保養(yǎng)4.tokeepsb/sthalive,orsafefromharmordanger使繼續(xù)存活；保護(hù)；保全第二十八頁，共53頁。fluctuatev.（大小(dàxiǎo)、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等）波動(dòng)；（在…之間）起伏不定

tochangefrequentlyinsize,amount,quality,etc.,especiallyfromoneextremetoanother~betweenAandBMymoodseemstofluctuatefromdaytoday.第二十九頁，共53頁。protestv.1.tosayfirmlythatsthistrue,especiallywhenyouhavebeenaccusedofsthorwhenotherpeopledonotbelieveyou堅(jiān)決地表示；申辯

～+that-clause2.tosayordosthtoshowthatyoudisagreewithordisapproveofsth,especiallypublicly（公開(gōngkāi)）反對(duì)；抗議

~about/against/atsthTranslationLocalfarmersprotestedagainstbuildingthenewairportontheirfarmland.當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民抗議(kàngyì)在他們農(nóng)田上新修飛機(jī)場(chǎng)。第三十頁，共53頁。cling(clung,clung)v.1.toholdontightlytosb/sth抓緊(zhuājǐn)；緊握；緊抱~on/tosb/sth2.tosticktosth粘住；附著

~tosthHeappearsdeterminedtoclingtopower.第三十一頁，共53頁。What’stheexperimentabout?(Para.5)TipsTheexperimentrevolvedaroundagamethateliminatedtheexcuseweusuallyhaveforrefusingtoletgo.第三十二頁，共53頁。What’stheruleandthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Therulewasthemoremoneyyouearned,thebetterplayeryouare;2.Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.Tips第三十三頁，共53頁。Howdidstudentslosemoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickonthembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.Tips第三十四頁，共53頁。Whyarethecorrespondingcostsoftenlessobviousinlifethanintheexperiments?(Paras.8-9)Becauseinlifethedoorsareclosingslowly,notliketheonesonthecomputerintheexperiment,sopeopledon’treallyseetheopportunitiesactuallyvanishingawaylittlebylittle.Tips第三十五頁，共53頁。PartIV—(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducingunnecessaryoptions.第三十六頁，共53頁。restorev.1.tobringbackasituationorfeelingthatexistedbefore恢復(fù)（某種情況或感受）2.torepairabuilding,workofart,pieceoffurniture,etc.sothatitlooksasgoodasitdidoriginally修復(fù)；整修；使復(fù)原

3.tobringalaw,tradition,wayofworking,etc.backintouse重新采用（或?qū)嵤?；恢?fù)

4.

(formal)togivesththatwaslostorstolenbacktosb

歸還(guīhuán)（失物、贓款等）restoreto…恢復(fù)到…

第三十七頁，共53頁。Theoperationrestoredhissight

.Somepeoplearguethatthedeathpenaltyshouldberestored.Collocations:

restoretolife蘇醒過來restorecalm恢復(fù)平靜restoresb'seyesight恢復(fù)某人的視力(shìlì)

restorebuilding修復(fù)建筑物第三十八頁，共53頁。implementv.tomakesththathasbeenofficiallydecidedstarttohappenorbeused使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行(zhíxíng)；實(shí)施

synonym:carryouttoimplementchanges/decisions/policies/reformsn.

atooloraninstrument,oftenonethatisquitesimpleandthatisusedoutdoors工具；器具；（常指）簡(jiǎn)單的戶外用具agriculturalimplements第三十九頁，共53頁。delegatev.1.togivepartofyourwork,powerorauthoritytosbinalowerpositionthanyou授（權(quán)）；把（工作、權(quán)力等）委托(wěituō)（給下級(jí)）~sthtosb2.[usuallypassive]tochoosesbtodosth選派（某人做某事）

TranslationHeplanstodelegatemoreauthoritytohisdeputies.他打算把更多的權(quán)力交給(jiāoɡěi)副手。第四十頁，共53頁。discardv.

togetridofsththatyounolongerwantornee丟棄(diūqì)；拋棄I'm

going

to

discard

those

magazines

if

you've

finished

reading

them.Translation如果你看完了，我就把那些(nàxiē)雜志扔了。第四十一頁，共53頁。outwardadj.[onlybeforenoun]1.connectedwiththewaypeopleorthingsseemtoberatherthanwithwhatisactuallytrue表面的；外表(wàibiǎo)的2.awayfromthecentreoraparticularpoint朝外面的；向外的

Collocations:outwardmovement向外的運(yùn)動(dòng)(yùndòng)outwardinvestment對(duì)外投資outwardcalm外表的平靜第四十二頁，共53頁。prejudicen.[U,

C]anunreasonabledislikeoforpreferenceforaperson,group,custom,etc.,especiallywhenitisbasedontheirrace,religion,sex,etc.偏見,成見,歧視(qíshì)

~(againstsb/sth)v.toinfluencesbsothattheyhaveanunfairorunreasonableopinionaboutsb/sth使懷有（或形成）偏見

Theprosecutionlawyershavebeentryingtoprejudicethejuryagainsther.第四十三頁，共53頁。Inthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10)Tipsprohibitoverbooking,Peopleshould:reduceoptions,delegatetaskstoothers,giveawayideastootherstopursue.第四十四頁，共53頁。WhatdoesDr.Arielyurgetodoaftertheexperient?(Paras.11)TipsResignfromcommitteesPruneholidaycardlistsRethinkhobbiesRememberthelessonsofdoorcloser第四十五頁，共53頁。PartV—(Paras.13-14)PartVconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionifmoreisbetterthanless

.第四十六頁，共53頁。Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionbyfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutcarefullychosenoptions.第四十七頁，共53頁。1下次你要在兩個(gè)難于取舍的、主要的和次要的選擇之間做決定時(shí)，不妨問自己這樣一個(gè)問題：項(xiàng)羽會(huì)怎么做？2項(xiàng)羽是公元前三世紀(jì)中國(guó)古代王朝的一位將軍。他帶領(lǐng)他的部隊(duì)橫渡漳河，突襲進(jìn)入了敵方的領(lǐng)地。他下令砸鍋燒船，令他的部隊(duì)大為震驚。3他解釋道，他強(qiáng)加給他們的是戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手的必要舉措(jǔcuò)。他所說的無疑十分鼓舞士氣，但當(dāng)他那許多忠誠(chéng)的士兵眼睜睜地看著他們的船只在火焰中被焚毀時(shí)，他們并不贊成他的做法。不過項(xiàng)羽將軍的這種砸鍋焚船的做法所顯示出的天賦，在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上和現(xiàn)代社會(huì)科學(xué)研究中都將得到肯定。項(xiàng)羽將軍是一個(gè)罕見的不墨守成規(guī)的人，是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的領(lǐng)袖，由于他征戰(zhàn)無數(shù)并達(dá)到了成功的頂峰，他深受尊敬。第四十八頁，共53頁。4丹?阿雷利極富啟迪性的新書《可預(yù)見的非理性》對(duì)項(xiàng)羽作了專題介紹。這本書對(duì)看似非理性的人類行為，譬如人類總想留住多項(xiàng)選擇機(jī)會(huì)的傾向，進(jìn)行了引人入勝的調(diào)查。大多數(shù)人都不能整理自己的思路來做痛苦的選擇，麻省理工學(xué)院上阿雷利博士行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)這門課的學(xué)生也不例外。在調(diào)查作決策的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，幾百名學(xué)生都不能忍受眼睜睜看著他們的選擇