2023年考研英語二(MBA聯(lián)考)真題試卷及答案

SectionIVocabularyDirections:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)1.Oilisanimportant______materialwhichcanbeprocessedintomanydifferentproducts,includingplastics.ArawBbleakCflexibleDfertile2.ThehighlivingstandardsoftheUScauseitspresentpopulationto____25percentoftheworld’soil.AassumeBconsumeCresumeDpresume3.Youshouldn’tbeso___---Ididn’tmeananythingbadinwhatIsaid.AsentimentalBsensibleCsensitiveDsophisticated4.Picassowasanartistwhofundamentallychangedthe___ofartforlatergenerations.A.philosophyBconceptCviewpointDtheme5.Memberstateshadtheoptionto____fromthisagreementwithoneyear’snotice.AdenyBobjectCsuspectDwithdraw6.Thetwocountriesachievedsomeprogressinthesphereoftraderelations,traditionallyasourceof____irritation.AmutualBoptionalCneutralDparallel7.Williamshadnotbeenthereduringthe___momentswhenthekidnappinghadtakenplace.AsuperiorBrigorousCvitalDunique8.TravelaroundJapantoday,andoneseesforeignresidentsawide____ofjobs.ArangeBfieldCscaleDarea9.Modernmanufacturinghas___aglobalriverofmaterialsintoastunningarrayofnewproducts.AtranslatedBtransformedCtransferredDtransported10.LightninghasbeenthesecondlargeststormkillerintheUSoverthepast40yearsandis____onlybyflood.AexceededBexcelledCexcludedDextended11.Voiceswere____astheargumentbetweenthetwomotoristsbecamemorebad-tempered.swollenB.increasedC.developedD.raised12.Somesuffererswillquicklyberestoredtoprefecthealth,___otherswilltakealongertime.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.whereas13.Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn’tvery___aboutthefoodheeats.A.specialB.peculiarC.particularD.unusual14.BritainmightstillbepartofFranceifitweren’t____adisastrousflood200.000yearsago,accordingtoscientistsfromImperialCollegeinLondon.A.uponB.withC.inD.for15.Thewaterprizeisaninternationalawardthat__outstandingcontributionstowardssolvingglobalwaterproblems.A.recognizesB.requiresC.releasesD.relays16.Inits14yearsof_--------____,theEuropeanUnionhasearnedthescornofitscitizensandskepticismfromtheUnitedStates.A.enduranceB.emergenceC.existenceD.eminence17.Hisexcuseforbeinglatethismorningwashiscarhad__inthesnow.A.startedupB.gotstuckC.setbackD.stoodby18.____widespreadbeliefcockroaches(螳螂)wouldnottakeovertheworldiftherewerenoaroundtosteponthem.A.InviewofB.ThankstoC.IncaseofD.Contraryto19.Consciouslyornot,ordinarycitizensandgovernmentbureaucratsstill_____thenotionthatJapanesesocietyisauniqueculture.A.fitinwithB.lookdownonC.clingtoD.holdback20.Asyoucanseebyyourself,things____tobeexactlyastheprofessorhadforeseen.A.turnedinB.turnedoutC.turnedupD.turneddownSectionIICloze(10points)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes_21__differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherina__22_ofsports.TherearetwotypesofOlympics,theSummerOlympicsandthewinterOlympics.Inorderto__23__theOlympics,acitymustsubmitaproposaltotheinternationalOlympiccommittee(IOC).Afterallproposalshavebeen_24___,theIOCvotes.Ifonecityissuccessfulingainingamajorityinthefirstvote,thecitywiththefewestvotesiseliminated,andvotingcontinueswith__25__rounds,untilamajoritywinnerisdetermined.TypicallytheGamesareawardedseveralyearsinadvance,__26__thewinningcitytimetopreparefortheGames.Inselectingthe_27__oftheOlympicGames,theIOCconsidersanumberoffactors,chiefamongthemwhichcityhas,orpromisestobuild,thebestfacilities,andwhichorganizingcommitteeseemsmostlikelyto_28__theGameseffectively.TheIOCalso_29__whichpartsoftheworldhavenotyethostedtheGames._30__,Tolkyo,Japan,thehostofthe1964SummerGames,andMexicocity,Mexico,thehostofthe1968summerGames,werechosen_31__topopularizetheOlympicmovementInAsiaandinLatinAmerica._32__thegrowingimportanceoftelevisionworldwide,theIOCinrecentyearshasalsotakeninto_33__thehostcity’stimezone._34__theGamestakeplaceintheUnitedStatesorCanada,forexample,Americantelevisionnetworksarewillingtopay_35___higheramountsfortelevisionrightsbecausetheycanbroadcastpopularevents__36____,inprimeviewinghours.___37__theGameshavebeenawarded.Itistheresponsibilityofthelocalorganizingcommitteetofinancethem.ThisisoftendonewithaportionoftheOlympictelevision___38_andwithcorporatesponsorships,ticketsales,andothersmallerrevenuesources.Inmany__39___thereisalsodirectgovernmentsupport.AlthoughmanycitieshaveachievedafinancialprofitbyhostingtheGames,theOlympicscanbefinancially__40___.WhentherevenuesfromtheGameswerelessthanexpected,thecitywasleftwithlargedebts.21.A.inB.forC.ofD.from22.A.lotB.numberC.varietyD.series23.A.hostB.takeC.runD.organize24.A.supportedB.submittedC.substitutedD.subordinated25.A.suggestiveB.successfulC.successiveD.succeeding26.A.lettingB.settingC.permittingD.allowing27.A.siteB.spotC.locationD.place28.A.stateB.stageC.startD.sponsor29.A.thinksB.reckonsC.considersD.calculates30.A.ForinstanceB.AsaresultC.InbriefD.Onthewhole31.A.intimeB.inpartC.incaseD.incommon32.A.SinceB.BecauseC.AsforD.Becauseof33.A.amountB.accountC.accordD.acclaim34.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WheneverD.Wherever35.A.greatlyB.handsomelyC.meaningfullyD.significantly36.A.liveB.livingC.aliveD.lively37.A.UntilB.UnlessC.WhetherD.Once38.A.incomesB.interestsC.revenuesD.returns39.A.casesB.conditionsC.chancesD.circumstances40.A.safeB.riskyC.temptingD.feasibleSectionⅢReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearefourpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:LastweekendKyleMacDonaldinMontrealthrewapartytocelebratethefactthathegothisnewhomeinexchangeforaredpaperclip.Startingayearago,MacDonaldbarteredtheclipforincreasinglyvaluablestuff,includingacampstoveandfreerentinaPhoenixflat.Havingannouncedhisaim(thehouse)inadvance,MacDonaldlikelygotaboostfromtechieseagertoseetheInternetpassthisdaringtestofitsnetworkingpower.“Mywholemotto(座右銘)was‘Startsmall,thinkbig,andhavefun’,〞saysMacDonald,26,“Ireallykeptmyeffortonthecreativesideratherthanthebusinessside.〞YetasoddastheMacDonaldexchangewas,barterisnowbigbusinessontheNet.Thisyearmorethan400,000companiesworldwidewillexchangesome$10billionworthofgoodsandservicesonagrowingnumberofbartersites.TheseWebsitesallowcompaniestotradeproductsforavirtualcurrency,whichtheycanusetobuygoodsfromothermembers.InIceland,garment-makerKapusalansellsathirdofitsoutputontheboomingVidskiptanetidexchange,earningvirtualmoneythatitusestobuymachineryandpaypartofemployeesalaries.TheTroc-servicesexchangeinFranceoffersmorethan4,600services,frommathlessonstoironing.Thisisnotaprimitivebartersystem.Bycreatingcurrencies,theInternetremovesamajorbarrier—whatBobMeyer,publisherofBarterNews,calls“thedoublecoincidenceofwants.〞Thatis,twopartiesoncenotonlyhadtofindeachother,butalsoanexchangeofgoodsthatbothdesired.Now,theycanpricethedealinvirtualcurrency.Barteralsohelpsfirmsmakeuseofidlecapacity.Forexample,advertisingis“hugelybartered〞becausemanymedia,particularlyontheWebcansupplynewadspaceatlittlecost.Moreover,Internetadsdon’tregisterinindustry-growthstatistics,becausemanyexchangesarearrangedoutsidetheformalexchanges.LikeeBay,mostbartersitesallowmembersto“grade〞tradingpartnersforhonestyqualityandsoon..Barterexchangescanallowfirmsincountrieswithhyperinflationornontradablecurrenciestoenterglobaltrades.Nextyear,anonprofitexchangecalledQuickLiftTwo(QL2)planstoopeninNairobi,offeringbarterdealsto38,000Kenyanfarmersinremoteareas.Twosmallplaneswilldeliverthegoods.QL2directorGaciiWaciumasaysthefarmersareexcitedtobe“l(fā)iberatedfromcorruptmiddlemen.〞Forthem,barterevokesabrightfuture,notaprecapitalistpast.41.Theword“techies〞(Line4,Para1)probablyreferstothosewhoare___.A.afraidoftechnologyB.skilledintechnologyC.ignorantoftechnologyD.incompetentintechnology42.ManypeoplemayhavedeliberatelyhelpedKylebecausethey___.A.wereimpressedbyhiscreativityB.wereeagertoidentifywithhismottoC.likedhisgoalannouncedinadvanceD.hopedtoprovethepoweroftheInternet43.TheInternetbartersystemreliesheavilyon___.A.thesizeofbarterstiesB.theuseofvirtualcurrencyC.thequalityofgoodsorservicesD.thelocationoftradingcompanies]44.ItisimpliesthatInternetadvertisementscanhelp___.A.companiesmakemoreprofitB.companiesdoformalexchangesC.mediaregisterinstatisticsD.mediagradebartersites45.WhichofthefollowistrueofQL2accordingtotheauthor?A.Itiscriticizedfordoingbusinessinaprimitiveway.B.Itaimstodealwithhyperinflationinsomecountries.C.Ithelpsgetridofmiddlemenintradeandexchange.D.Itisintendedtoevaluatetheperformanceoftradingpartners.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:ThelivesofveryfewNewarkresidentsareuntouchedbyviolence:NewJersey’sbiggestcityhasseenitall.Yetthemurderofthreeyoungpeople,whowereforcedtokneelbeforebeingshotinthebackoftheheadinaschoolplaygroundonAugust4th,hasshakenthecity.Afourth,whosurvived,wasstabbedandshotintheface.Thefourvictimswerebyallaccountsgoodkids,allenrolledincollege,allwithafuture.Butthecruelmurder,itseems,hasatlastforcedNewarkerstosaytheyhavehadenough.Grassrootsorganizations,likeStopShooting,havebeenfloodedwithoffersofhelpandsupportsincethekillings.YusefIsmail,itsco-founder,saysthegrouphasbeengoingdoor-to-dooraskingpeopletosignapledgeofnon-violence.Theyhopetoget50,000topromiseto“stopshooting,startthinking,andkeepliving.〞TheNewarkCommunityFoundation,whichwaslaunchedlastmonth,announcedonAugust14ththatitwillhelppayforCommunityEye,asurveillance(監(jiān)視)systemtailoredtowardsguncrime.CoryBookerwhobecamemayor13monthsagowithamissiontorevitalizethecity,believesthesurveillanceprogramwillbethelargestcameraandaudionetworkinanyAmericancity.Morethan30cameraswereinstalledearlierthissummerandafurther50willbeinstalledsooninaseven-squaremileareawhere80%ofthecity’srecentshootingshaveoccurred.Andmorecamerasareplanned.Whenagunshotisdetected,thesurveillancecamerazoomsinonthatspot.SimilartechnologyinChicagohasincreasedarrestsanddecreasedshootings.Mr.Bookerplanstoannounceacomprehensivegunstrategylaterthisweek.Mr.Booker,aswellaschurchleadersandothers,believes(orhopes)thatafterthemurderthecitywillnolongerstandbyincoldness.Forgenerations,Newarkhasbeenparalyzedbypoverty----almostoneinthreepeoplelivesbelowthepovertyline----andgrowingindifferencetocrime.Someareskeptical.SteveMalangaoftheconservativeManhattanInstitutenotesthatNewarkhasdeepsocialproblems:over60%ofchildrenareinhomeswithoutfathers.Theschoolsystem,takenoverbythestatein1995,isamess.Butthereisalsosomecauseforhope.SinceMr.Bookerwaselected,therehasbeenariseininvestmentandre-zoningfordevelopment.Onlyaround7%ofnearbyNewarkairportworkersusedtocomefromNewark;now,ayear,thefigureis30%.MrBookerhaslaunchedaNewYork-stylewaroncrime.Sofarthisyear,crimehasfallen11%andshootingsaredown30%(throughthemurderratelookslikelytomatchlastyear’shigh).46.WhathappenedinNewark,NewJerseyonAugust4th?A.TheNewarkresidentswitnessedamurder.B.Fouryoungpeoplewerekilledinaschoolplayground.C.ThenewmayorofNewarktookoffice.D.Fourcollegestudentsfellvictimtoviolence.47.Judgingfromthecontext,the“CommunityEye〞(Line5,Para2)is_____A.awatchingsystemforguncrimeB.aneighborhoodprotectionorganizationC.anunprofitablecommunitybusinessD.agrassrootsorganization48.WelearnfromthepassagethatNewarkhasallthefollowingproblemsEXCEPT_____A.violenceB.floodC.povertyD.indifference49.MayorBooker’seffortagainstcrimeseemtobe______A.idealisticB.impracticalC.effectiveD.fruitless50.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe_____A.StopShooting,StartThinking,andKeepLivingB.EffortstoFightagainstGunCrimesC.AMissiontoRevitalizetheCityD.ViolentMurdersinNewarkQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Accordingtoarecentsurveyonmoneyandrelationships,36percentofpeoplearekeepingabankaccountfromtheirpartner.Whilethisfinancialunfaithfulnessmayappearasdistrustinarelationship,intruthitmayjustbeaformoffinancialprotection.Withalmosthalfofallmarriagesendingindivorce,menandwomenarerealizingtheyneedtobefinanciallysavvy,regardlessofwhethertheyareinarelationship.Thefinancialhardshiponindividualsafteradivorcecanbeextremelydifficult,evenmoresowhenchildrenareinvolved.Thelackofpermanencyinrelationships,jobsandfamilylifemaybethecauseofagrowingtrendtokeepasecretbankaccounthiddenfromapartner;inotherwords,an〞escapefund〞.Margaret’sstoryisfarfromunique.Sheisarepresentativeofagrowingnumberofwomeninlong-termrelationshipswhoarebecomingprotectiveoftheirownearnings.Everymonthonpayday,shebankshundredsofdollarsintoasavingsaccountshekeepsfromherhusband.Shehasbeendoingthisthroughouttheirsix-yearmarriageandhasbuiltanesteggworthanincredible$100,000ontopofherpension.Margaretsaysifherhusbandfoundoutabouthersecretsavingshe’dhurtandwouldinterpretthisasasignshewasn’tsureofthemarriage.〞He’dthinkitwasmyescapefunsothatfinanciallyIcouldaffordtogetoutoftherelationshipifitwentwrong.IknowyoushouldapproachmarriageasbeingforeverandIhopeoursis,butyoucanneverbesure.〞Likemanyofherfellowsecretsavers,Margaretwasstunginaformerrelationshipandhassincebeenveryguardedaboutherownmoney.Comingcleantoyourpartneraboutbeingasecretsavermaynotbeallthatbad.TakeColleenforexample,whohadbeensavingsecretlyforafewyearsbeforesheconfessedtoherpartner.〞Idecidedtoopenasavingsaccountandstartbuildinganesteggofmyown.IwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIcouldputmoneyinthebankandleaveitthereforarainyday.〞“WhenJohnfoundoutaboutmysecretsavings,hewasalittlesuspiciousofmymotives.IreassuredhimthatthiswascertainlynotanescapefundthatIfeelverysecureinoutrelationship.Ihavetoadmitthatitdoesfeelgoodtohavemyownmoneyonreserveifevertherearerainydaysinthefuture.It’ssensibletobuildandprotectyourpersonalfinancialsecurity.〞51.Thetrendtokeepasecretbankaccountisgrowingbecause______A.escapefundhelpsonethroughrainydaysB.daysaregettingharderandharderC.womenaremoneysensitiveD.financialconflictsoftenoccur52.Theword“savvy〞(Line2,Para2)probablymeans_______A.suspiciousB.secureC.shrewdD.simple53.WhichinferencecanwemakeaboutMargaret?A.Sheisauniquewoman.B.Shewasoncedivorced.C.Sheisgoingtoretire.D.Shehasmanychildren.54.TheauthormentionsColleen’sexampletoshow_____A.anycouplecanavoidmarriageconflictsB.privacywithinmarriageshouldberespectedC.everyonecansaveafortunewithahappymarriageD.financialdisclosureisnotnecessarilybad55.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarythispassage?A.SecretSaversB.LoveIsWhatIt’sWorthC.BankingHonestyD.OnceBitten,TwiceShyQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:“Theword‘protection’isnolongertaboo(禁忌語)〞.Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doingso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetradethusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause.Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren’tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey’dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned---thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asian,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade.That’swhySarkozy’swordsweresoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebates.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithintreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandlosersunderfreetrade.This,ofcourse,iswhatcapitalismisallabout.ButmoreandmoreoftheseloserswillbeintheWest,EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJonophSchumpeter,whosaidthat‘creativedestruction〞wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples,Thingshaveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere’sclearlyanegativetrendinaWesterntheoryandpractice.Alittlehypocrisy(虛偽)isnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lockatwhat’shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund)TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirector.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse’swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians-whoareclearlythenewwinnersintoday’sglobaleconomy-toprovidemoreintellectualleadershipinsupportingfreetrade:Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeakout,however,there’sarealdangerthatAdamSmith’sprinciples,whichhavebroughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleaveallofus,worseoff,inonewayoranother.56.Itcanbeinferredthat“protection〞(Line1,Para.1)means________A.improvingeconomicefficiency.B.endingthefree-tradepracticeC.loweringmoralstandardD.raisingtradetariffs57.TheWesternleaderspreachfreetradebecause________A.itisbeneficialtotheireconomiesB.itissupportedbydevelopingcountriesC.itmakesthemkeepfaithintheirprinciplesD.itisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamSmith58.By“thetableshaveturned〞(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimpliesthat________A.theWesternleadershaveturnedself-centeredB.theAsianleadershavebecomeadvocatesoffreetradeC.thedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlesscompetitiveD.thedevelopingeconomieshavebecomemoreindependent59.TheWesterneconomiesusedtoliketheideaof“creativedestruction〞becauseit________A.setalong-termratherthanshort-turngoalB.wasanessentialpartofcapitalistdevelopmentC.containedapositiveratherthannegativementalityD.wasmeanttobethedestructionofdevelopingeconomies60.Theauthoruses“IMF〞wasanexampletoillustratethepointthat_______A.EuropeanleadersarereluctanttoadmittheyarehypocriticalB.thereisaninconsistencybetweenWesterntheoryandpracticeC.globalinstitutionsarenotbeingledbytrueglobalizationadvocatesD.Europeancountries’interestsarebeingignoredbyeconomicleadersSectionIVTranslationDirections:InthissectionthereisaparagraphinEnglish.TranslateitintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)Theterm〞businessmodel〞firstcameintowidespreadusewiththeinventionofpersonalcomputerandthespreadsheet(空白表格程序).Beforethespreadsheet,businessplanningusuallymeantproducingasingleforecast.Atbest,youdidalittlesensitivityanalysisaroundtheprojection.Thespreadsheetusheredinamuchmoreanalyticapproachtoplanningbecauseeverymajorlineitemcouldbepulledapart,itscomponentsandsubcomponentsanalyzedandtested.Youcouldaskwhat-ifquestionsaboutthecriticalassumptionsonwhich.yourbusinessdepended-forexample,whatifcustomersaremoreprice-sensitivethanwethought?-andwithafewkeystrokes,youcouldseehowanychangewouldplayoutoneveryaspectofthewhole.Inotherwords,youcouldmodelthebehaviorofabusiness.Beforethecomputerchangedthenatureofbusinessplanning,mostsuccessfulbusinessmodelswerecreatedmorebyaccidentthanbyelaboratedesign.Byenablingcompaniestotietheirmarketplaceinsightsmuchmoretightlytotheresultingeconomics,spreadsheetmadeitpossibletomodelbusinessbeforetheywerelaunched.SectionVWritingDirections:Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionaccordingtotheinformationbelow.Youshouldwritemorethan150wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20