conversion英語對話的翻譯技巧實用

會計學(xué)1conversion英語對話的翻譯技巧實用Usage

DifferentexpressioninEnglishandChineseForexample:verbsHeadmiresthePresident’sstateddecisiontofightforthejob.他對總統(tǒng)聲明為保住其職位而決心奮斗表示欽佩。第1頁/共59頁Example(1)ThegrowingawarenessbymillionsofAfricansoftheirextremelypoorandbackwardlivingconditionshaspromptedthemtotakeresolutemeasuresandcreatenewones.原譯：數(shù)以百萬計的非洲人對于他們非常貧窮落后的生活條件的日益覺醒促使他們采取堅決的措施，創(chuàng)造新的生活條件。改譯：數(shù)以百萬計的非洲人已逐漸意識到他們的生活狀況異常貧窮落后，這就促使他們奮起采取堅決的措施創(chuàng)造新的生活條件。

第2頁/共59頁examplesFormalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.他們之間的關(guān)系，有一個特點，就是以禮相待。Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的情緒。ThePresidenthadpreparedmeticulouslyforhisjourney.總統(tǒng)為這次出訪作了十分周密的準(zhǔn)備。

第3頁/共59頁WordsConvertedintoverbsConvertedintonounsConvertedintoadjectivesOthers第4頁/共59頁ConvertedintoverbsNoun---verbsPrep.---verbsAdj.---verbsAdv.---verbs第5頁/共59頁Nouns---verbsNounsderivedfromverbs(inpoliticalarticles)examples第6頁/共59頁examplesTheturningpointofmylifewasmydecisiontogiveupapromisingbusinesscareerandstudymusic.我生活的轉(zhuǎn)折點是我決定不做發(fā)跡有望的商人而專攻音樂。

Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeon-siteinspectionsoftheSovietstrategicarsenalandRussia’srefusal.到1972年為止，美蘇之間關(guān)于限制核軍備競賽的一切努力都在這一點上失敗了：美國堅持有權(quán)視察蘇方戰(zhàn)略武器現(xiàn)場，而蘇聯(lián)則拒絕這樣做。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已經(jīng)用來探索宇宙。第7頁/共59頁Nouns---verbsNounswiththemeaningofactionexamples第8頁/共59頁examplesAstheweekdrewtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快結(jié)束時，敵人徹底潰退了。Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽見隆隆的機(jī)聲，令我特別神往。AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀(jì)念碑和林肯紀(jì)念館的全景。第9頁/共59頁Nouns---verbsgerundexamples第10頁/共59頁examplesOneofourwaysforgettingheatisburningfuels.我們獲得熱的一種方式是燃燒燃料。Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.把水加熱不會改變水的化學(xué)成分。Theflowingofcurrentfirstinonedirectionandtheninanothermakesanalternatingcurrent.電流先向一個方向流動，然后又向另一個方向流動構(gòu)成交流電。第11頁/共59頁Nouns---verbsNounswith–er:teacher,thinkerNotrefertotheirprofessionsorcareersbuthavethemeaningofaction.examples第12頁/共59頁examplesIamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我未必會教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和兒子談話時，老人寬恕了年青人過去所干的壞事。Althoughhewasalwaysthe“background”brieferonforeignpolicyissues,hecouldneverbeidentifiedasanythingotherthan“aWhiteHouseofficial”or“ahighAdministrationsource.”雖然外交問題的“背景情況”總是由他介紹，但他仍只能稱為是“一位白宮官員”或“一位政府高級人士”。第13頁/共59頁MoreexamplesSheisawell-knownsinger.歌唱家Someofmyclass-matesaregoodsingers.我們班同學(xué)中有些人唱歌唱得很好。第14頁/共59頁Nouns---verbsNouns,assubjects,intheidiomseg.Tohavealook

at,tohavearest.examples第15頁/共59頁examplesTheytookafinallookatIronMike,stillintactinthedarkness.他們最后看了鐵麥克一眼——它依然安然無恙地聳立在黑暗中。Thenextnewsbulletin,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.下一個新聞節(jié)目比通常短，沒有提到游行。Agreatcloudrosefromthegroundandfollowedthetrailofthegreatsun.Atfirstitwasagiantcolumn,whichsoontooktheshapeofasupramundanemushroom.ForafleetinginstantittooktheformoftheStatueofLibertymagnifiedmanytimes.一朵龐大的煙云隨著一輪巨日從地面升起。它起初是個巨大的圓柱，很快形成了凌云駕空的大蘑菇，一瞬間又變成了一座擴(kuò)大了許多倍的自由神像。

第16頁/共59頁Prep.---verbsPrep.Withthemeaningofaction,eg.across,

past,toward

examples第17頁/共59頁examplesPartyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,by

dimlamps.黨的干部吃簡陋的飲食，住寒冷的窯洞，靠微弱的燈光，長時間地工作。Thecomputerisofhighsensibility.這臺計算機(jī)具有很高的靈敏度。Machinepartsofirregularshapecanbewashedverycleanbyultrasonics.用超聲波能把形狀不規(guī)則的機(jī)件洗得很干凈。

第18頁/共59頁Adj.---verbsAdjectivesforconsciousness,feeling,desireForexamples:content,confident,certain,careful,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,able,familiarexamples第19頁/共59頁examplesIfwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom,itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics.如果我們不知道原子的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們就不可能研究核子物理學(xué)。Thefactthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobecautious.她能夠給我?guī)€信兒這件事就是個暗示。但是我必須小心謹(jǐn)慎。Theyarequitecontentwiththedataobtainedfromtheexperiment.他們十分滿足于實驗中獲得的數(shù)據(jù)。第20頁/共59頁Adv.---verbsAdverbsusedaspredicativesorobjectcomplementsexamples第21頁/共59頁examplesAsheranout,heforgottohavehisshoeson.他跑出去時，忘記了穿鞋子。Havetheoilingofthepartsthroughbeforethemachineisoperated.在開動機(jī)器之前，要把部件的上油工作做完。Aftercarefulinvestigationtheyfoundthedesignbehind.經(jīng)過仔細(xì)研究后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個設(shè)計落后了。第22頁/共59頁ConvertedintonounsVerbsderivedfromnounsVerbinthesentenceofpassivevoice:canbetranslatedintothestructuresuchas“受（遭）到……+名詞”、“予（加）以+名詞”examples第23頁/共59頁VerbsderivedfromnounsVerbsderivedfromnounsVerbscomingfromnounsexamples第24頁/共59頁VerbsderivedfromnounsThedevelopmentofscientificresearchinChinaischaracterizedbytheintegrationoftheorywithpractice.中國科學(xué)研究發(fā)展的特點是理論聯(lián)系實際。Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolizetheirfrustrations,theembodimentofallevils.隨著戰(zhàn)爭的進(jìn)行，他成了他們受挫的象征，成了一切壞事的化身。Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他們看來，他就是絕對權(quán)威的化身。第25頁/共59頁VerbscomingfromnounsIntheearlydawn,theguardtowersweresilhouettedagainstthesky.黎明時，天空映出了嘹望塔的輪廓。MostU.S.spysatellitesaredesignedtoburnupintheearth’satmosphereaftercompletingtheirmissions.美國絕大多數(shù)間諜衛(wèi)星，按其設(shè)計，是在完成使命后，在大氣層中焚毀。SomeofthemwerealreadyplanningtostaffaHumphreyAdministrationintheeventtheDemocraticcandidatewonanelection.他們中間有些人，已經(jīng)在為民主黨候選人一旦獲勝后的漢弗萊政府計劃人事安排。第26頁/共59頁Verbinthesentenceofpassivevoice:canbetranslatedintothestructuresuchas“受（遭）到……+名詞”、“予（加）以+名詞”

examples第27頁/共59頁examplesSnowwastreated

veryshabbilybytheU.S.pressandofficialdomduringthisperiod,victimizedforhisviews.在這期間，斯諾受到了美國新聞界和政界極不公正的對待，由于他的觀點，他受到了迫害。Throwatennisballonthefloor.Theballbouncesback.Inthesameway,whenlightfallsoncertainthingsitbouncesback.Whenthishappens,thelightissaidtobereflected.將網(wǎng)球扔到地板上，球會彈回來。同樣，光照到某些物體上時也會彈回來。這種情況叫做光受到反射。Satellites,however,mustbecloselywatched,fortheyareconstantlybeingtuggedatbythegravitationalattractionofthesun,moonandearth.由于經(jīng)常受到太陽、月亮和地球引力的影響，衛(wèi)星活動必須加以密切的觀察。第28頁/共59頁Adj.---nounsThe+adj.:thesick病號,thepoor窮人theold,theinfirm,theill,theveryyoung老、弱、病、幼者。Othersexamples第29頁/共59頁examplesHewaseloquentandelegant-----butsoft.他有口才、有風(fēng)度，但很軟弱。TheWildefamilywerereligious.王爾德全家都是虔誠的教徒。Theyareconsideredinsincere.他們被認(rèn)為是偽君子。第30頁/共59頁Convertedintoadj.Nounsderivedfromadj.Nouns+a(n)usedaspredicativesadverbs第31頁/共59頁Nounsderivedfromadj.Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的情緒。Thesecurityandthewarmthofthedestroyer’ssickbaywerewonderful.驅(qū)逐艦的病室很安全也很溫暖，好極了。HetalkedforsometimewithBundy,andhisquestionsreflectedtheenormityofhisdoubts.他同邦迪談了一會兒，他提出的問題反映出他有很大的懷疑。第32頁/共59頁Nouns+a(n)usedaspredicatives

Heisastranger

totheoperationoftheelectroniccomputer.他對電子計算機(jī)的操作是陌生的。Theblockadewasasuccess.封鎖很成功。Independencethinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.獨立思考對學(xué)習(xí)是絕對必要的。第33頁/共59頁adverbsAsverbsareconvertedintonounsinChinese,theadverbsmodifyingverbsturnintoadjectives.examples第34頁/共59頁examplesInscienceandengineering,itisofgreatimportancetostatethelawsandprinciplesaccurately.工程學(xué)方面，定律和原理的正確敘述非常重要。Thewideapplicationofelectroniccomputersaffectstremendouslythedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.電子計算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用，對科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展有極大的影響。第35頁/共59頁adverbsTheadverbsbeforeoraftertheverbs,whichinmeaningareusedastheattributive,canbetranslatedintoChineseasadjectives.examples第36頁/共59頁examplesThepowerplantsuppliestheinhabitantssixtyli

aboutwithelectricity.這個電廠供電給周圍六十里的居民。Thebuildingsaroundaremostlyofmodernconstruction.附近的建筑物大部分是現(xiàn)代化的。第37頁/共59頁OtherwordsAdj.&adv.Nouns&adv.第38頁/共59頁Adj.&adv.Whenthenounisconvertedintoverb,theadjectivemodifyingthenouncanbetranslatedintoadverbinChinese.Eg.

Occasionallyadrizzlecamedown,andtheintermittentflashesoflightningmadeusturnapprehensiveglancestowardZero.偶爾下一點毛毛雨，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的閃電使得我們不時憂慮地朝著零區(qū)方向望去。第39頁/共59頁Adj.&adv.WhentheverbturnsintonouninChinese,theadverbmodifyingtheverbcanbeconvertedintotheadjective.Eg:He

routinelyradioedanotheragentontheground.他跟另一個地勤人員進(jìn)行了例行的無線電聯(lián)絡(luò)。第40頁/共59頁Adj.&adv.ThedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglish.Eg:Thisissheer

nonsense.這完全是胡說。

Hewasinaclear

minority.他顯然屬于少數(shù)。第41頁/共59頁Nounsandadv.Nounsconvertedintoadverbsexamples第42頁/共59頁examplesWhenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這人爭取過來。

Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民，獲得了他們的一些好感。第43頁/共59頁Nounsandadv.Adverbsconvertedintonounsexamples第44頁/共59頁examplesHeisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.他身體雖弱，但思想健康。

Theyhavenotdonesowellideologically,however,asorganizationally.但是，他們的思想工作沒有他們的組織工作做得好。第45頁/共59頁exercisesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodChinese.Payattentiontothetranslationoftheitalicizedwords.

An

acquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.Onthewalkthroughthecitytheysawbreadlines.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.Hehasalreadymademention

ofthematterinhisspeech.Upthestreettheywent,

past

stores,across

abroadsquare,andthenenteredahugebuilding.第46頁/共59頁exercisesTheyweresuspiciousandresentful

ofhim.Thesuccessfulfishermenofthatdaywerealreadyin.OnthatdaytheywereescortedtotheGreatWallofChina.Hisimageasagoodstudentwasbadlytarnished.Theyaregoingtobuildaschoolfortheblindandthedeaf.第47頁/共59頁exercisesIrecognizedthe

absurdityofdealingwiththemthroughintermediaries.Warmdiscussionsaroseoneverycornerastohisachievements.I’veoftenwondered,intheyearssince,whetherImadetherightchoice.Thesunrose

thinlyfromthesea.Hehadthekindness

toshowmetheway.第48頁/共59頁answers讀一點世界史，對學(xué)習(xí)時事是有幫助的。在走過市區(qū)的時候，她們看見領(lǐng)救濟(jì)食物的人排著長隊。他倒是不抽煙，但他爸爸卻一支又一支不停地抽。他在講演中曾提到過這件事。他們沿著大街走去，經(jīng)過許多商店，穿過一個大廣場，然后進(jìn)入了一座大廈。第49頁/共59頁answers他們不信任他，討厭他。那天交好運的漁人們都已回來。他們那天和陪同人員去參觀中國的長城。他作為一個好學(xué)生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。他們將為盲人和聾人修建一所學(xué)校。第50頁/共59頁answers我認(rèn)識到，通過中間人跟他們打交道是愚蠢的。到處在熱烈地討論他的成就。究竟我這樣做是作對了呢，還是作錯了？幾年來，我經(jīng)常在納悶。淡淡的太陽從海上升起。他好意地給我指路。第51頁/共59頁ExercisesandanswersTranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodChinese.Payattentiontothetranslationoftheitalicizedwords.

An

acquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.讀一點世界史，對學(xué)習(xí)時事是有幫助的。Onthewalkthroughthecitytheysawbread