Archiecure-古希臘古羅馬建筑英文

ABriefintroductionofancientGreek&Roman

ArchitectureAncientGreekArchitecture(BC800-AD300)Specificdimensionalcomposition特定的平面構(gòu)成Mostofthearchitecturesarerectangular(onascaleof1:1.618or1:2)inshape,essentiallyconsistedofahallsurroundedbycolumns.（平面構(gòu)成為1:1.618或1:2的矩形，中央是廳堂，大殿，周圍是柱子，可統(tǒng)稱為環(huán)柱式建筑））2.Threefamouskindsofcolumns/orders(柱式）:3.Decorationofdepiment(山花墻裝飾）CorinthianColumn（科林斯式）

IonicColumn（愛奧尼克式）

DoricColumn（陶立克）陶立克柱式形態(tài)簡潔，其柱高是直徑的6倍，雄健威武，向征男性美；愛奧尼柱式纖巧修長，柱高是直徑的8~9倍，柱頭用卷渦裝飾，富有曲線美，象征女性美。科林斯柱式形態(tài)更復(fù)雜、更修長，上部是藤蔓似的卷渦，下面是曼妙的花紋，更具女性美。TheDonicstyleissimpleanditrevealsthemales’strength.LincolnMemorialisintheformofaGreekDorictemple.

林肯紀念堂Itisalwaysdecoratedwithspiral（螺旋形的）orvolute（渦形的）ornaments.It’sslimandmuchmorelikeagentleandgracefulyounglady.TempleofAthenaNike

勝利女神神廟Ionic式女神廊廊柱（（Erechtheion伊伊瑞克克提翁翁神廟廟）Pediment（（山花花墻））Greektemplewithapediment(Sicily)Greektemplewithapediment(Sicily)Thepediment（（山花花墻））isthetriangularplaceundertheroofofaGreektemple.Eachtemplehastwo,oneonthefrontandoneontheback.Atfirstpedimentswereprobablyplain,butsoontheGreeksbegantodecoratepedimentswithstonesculpture.Oneoftheearliestpediments,onthetempleofArtemisontheislandofCorfu,hasascaryMedusaonit.LaterGreeksculptorsputwholescenesonpediments,usuallyoneexcitingpartofawell-knownmyth.TempleofArtemis,Corfu(ca.580BC)TempleofAphaeaatAegina(ShowstheTrojanWar)TheParthenon（帕特農(nóng)神神廟）hasthestoryofthebirthofAthenaononeside,andthestoryofAthenaandPoseidonfightingtobethemaingodofAthensontheotherside.TheParthenon（帕特農(nóng)神神廟）AncientRomanArchitecture(BC300-AD365)AncientRomanarchitectureadoptedcertainaspectsofAncientGreekarchitecture,butitdidcreatedlotsofnewarchitecturalstyles.ThefivemainachievementsofAncientRomanarchitecture1.AncientRomanAqueducts(渡槽)2.Pantheon萬萬神廟3.Publicbaths羅羅馬公共浴場場4.Colosseum圓形大劇場場5.SquareTheRomansconstructedaqueductstobringaconstantflowofwaterfromdistantsourcesintocitiesandtowns,supplyingpublicbaths,toilets,fountainsandprivatehouseholds.Wastewaterwasremovedbythesewagesystemsandreleasedintonearbybodiesofwater,keepingthetownscleanandfreefromnoxiouswaste.Someaqueductsalsoservedwaterformining,processing,manufacturing,andagriculture.2.Pantheon萬萬神廟Thedome(穹頂)structureprovideduswithlargerspace.TheRomansbasedmuchoftheirarchitectureonthedome,suchasPantheon,whichisthehighestrepresentativeofRomearchitecturaltechnique.Pantheon(萬神神殿）Dome3.Publicbaths羅羅馬公共浴場場TheyarerecreationalandsocialcenterforRomancitizens.4.Colosseum圓形大劇劇場Itwereusedforgladiatorialcontests,publicdisplays,publicmeetingsandbullfights,thelastofwhichsurvivesinSpain.TheyareamongthemostimpressiveremainsoftheRom