Listening Comprehension of CET 4 (新聞聽力專練2)

NewsListeningofCET4NewsItemOneLongconversation1NewsItemthreeNewsItemtwo概述經(jīng)濟新聞體育新聞天災(zāi)人禍軍事新聞?wù)涡侣労娇蘸教煨侣劼糜涡侣凩ongconversation2passage1passage2passage3按照《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》中的要求,達到四級聽力水平應(yīng)做到：

能聽懂英語授課；

能聽懂日常談話和一般性題材講座；

能基本聽懂慢速英語節(jié)目,語速為每分鐘130個詞左右,能掌握其中心大意,抓住要點；

能運用基本的聽力技巧幫助理解。

聽力部分占35%

短篇新聞?wù)?%,3則新聞共7道多項選擇題;

長對話占8%,2篇長對話共4道多項選擇題

聽力短文占20%,3篇聽力篇章共10道多項選擇題聽力材料具有以下三個特征：

短篇新聞內(nèi)容一般來自VOA、BBC或CNN等媒體節(jié)目中的新聞報道和短評等,題材多樣,涉及社會、經(jīng)濟、文化等各方面。

長對話的內(nèi)容與短對話部分一樣涉及日常生活中的許多方面。設(shè)問方式與短文理解一樣,或者針對主旨大意提問,或者針對具體細節(jié)或推理判斷的結(jié)果提問。

短文理解的內(nèi)容主要是題材熟悉、情節(jié)不太復(fù)雜的故事、講話、敘述等。主要考查考生對文章大意、中心思想、重要細節(jié)的理解能力以及對某些細節(jié)做出聯(lián)想、判斷等的能力。

應(yīng)試策略：

Relax要安定情緒,集中精神,做一點放松活動（比如數(shù)數(shù)、深呼吸、閉目片刻、整理試卷等

瀏覽選項,獲取信息：利用聽力考試正式開始前2分鐘的時間或者放Directions的時間,將選項瀏覽一遍。

在瀏覽時,注意題干中的關(guān)鍵信息以及答案選項中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的信息。

根據(jù)題干中的信息,預(yù)測語境、大意、人物身份等可能涉及的內(nèi)容。

每一題的間隔正好是15秒。一定要在15秒內(nèi)讀完四個選項。

捕捉信息,速記要點。聽不清時馬上放棄,要把重點放在聽關(guān)鍵詞即實詞上,一邊聽一邊把要點及回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞記下來。

應(yīng)試策略：

聽錄音過程中,要耳眼并用,耳聽錄音信息,眼觀選擇項,邊聽邊做記錄。

遇到不會答的難題,果斷放棄,猜一個答案,然后集中精力做下一道題。千萬不要糾結(jié)于一個題,否則后面的就是多米諾骨牌式的效應(yīng)了。

連貫記憶,前后聯(lián)系：聽錄音時,既要不斷輸入、理解、存貯信息,又要不中斷聽的過程；既要集中精力聽,又要注意用心記,把握說話者的思路,捕捉信號詞,連貫記憶主要信息。聽完試題后要前后聯(lián)系,利用后面聽到的信息補充前面漏聽或有疑問的信息,并對聽前、聽中的預(yù)測或判斷加以推理、分析、修正,使理解的準確度更高。

備考建議：

第一,詞匯量

詞匯量是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),單詞和詞組的積累不夠,或者不熟悉,會在聽的過程中出現(xiàn)思路跟不上的現(xiàn)象,就會拖累整個聽力效果,特別是遇到關(guān)鍵詞不知道意思,解題也就無從下手。所以詞匯的記憶仍然是首先要做的,尤其是備考初期,是記憶單詞的重點階段。在記憶單詞的時候,要把發(fā)音記正確?？梢酝ㄟ^聽一些簡單的聽力檢查一下你的英語發(fā)音是否標準?，F(xiàn)在很多單詞書都是有配套光盤的,建議跟讀。對聽力對話等材料,也可以對照文字材料進行模仿。

備考建議：

第二,多聽

聽力能力的提高是個潛移默化的過程,“三分練,七分養(yǎng)”。因此,在準備四級聽力的過程中,最重要的是保證每天都有聽英語。但多聽并不意味著每時每刻戴著耳機聽英語,要在有限的時間內(nèi)提高聽力,要多精聽少泛聽。因為四級考試的聽力需要你集中注意力精聽,在限定的時間內(nèi)聽懂內(nèi)容選擇出答案。建議每天抽出40分鐘時間專攻聽力,材料可以是歷年真題,也可以是新聞,綜藝節(jié)目,有聲讀物或者電影等,但不論什么材料,一定要集中注意力,沉浸在英文環(huán)境中。

備考建議：

第三,多練習(xí),多總結(jié)

真題仍舊是最為重要的練習(xí)材料。建議將歷年的真題仔細聽,將沒聽清楚,不能確定,沒及時反應(yīng)出來的地方標出來反復(fù)聽,對照參考答案認真分析。練習(xí)中要加強聽寫的鍛煉,不要眼高手低。同時,邊練習(xí),邊總結(jié),并針對聽力參加一些聽力的專項輔導(dǎo)。有時間的還可以背誦聽力材料,對培養(yǎng)語感和記憶聽力中的口語也有好處。

備考建議：

第四,加強語境和文化背景學(xué)習(xí)

四級聽力中很多對話的語境都是關(guān)于生活和校園的。而英文口語中有很多口語化的詞匯是英語課本中沒見過的,但是在聽力中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),這就要求學(xué)生平時多積累。同時,了解西方的社會制度、風(fēng)土人情、人們的思維方式和價值觀念等文化背景知識,可以在一定程度上減少學(xué)生對聲音的依賴,增強他們對整個語篇的理解能力。此外,還要注意一下英美發(fā)音的不同,在選擇聽力材料時要兼顧英式英語和美式英語的材料。

新聞聽力：新聞長度為130~190字。新聞內(nèi)容一般來自VOA、BBC或CNN等國外知名傳媒節(jié)目中為學(xué)生所熟悉的新聞報道或短評等,題材多樣化,涉及國際政治、外交、軍事、經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易、科學(xué)技術(shù)、能源、交通工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、文化教育、體育衛(wèi)生、法律、宗教、社會問題、災(zāi)難報道等。

新聞聽力：新聞報道,必須包括六大要素,可概括為“5個W”和“1個H”：when(新聞發(fā)生時間)、where(新聞發(fā)生地點)、who(新聞涉及人物)、what(新聞事件)、why(新聞發(fā)生的原因)、how(新聞事件的背景、如何促成這一事件、后續(xù)情況如何等)。新聞的六個要素是常設(shè)的考點,聽新聞時注意把握以上六個要素,便可輕松理出頭緒。

新聞聽力：

1)新聞首句俗稱“新聞導(dǎo)語”,是對整個報道的濃縮和概括。新聞導(dǎo)語通常包含多個新聞要素,聽懂了新聞導(dǎo)語,也就知道了新聞的主要內(nèi)容。

比如“ThegatesofGuantanamowereopentothemediatoday.”

這一新聞導(dǎo)語中,便包含

when(today)；

who(Guantanamo)；

what(opentothemedia)這三個要素。新聞聽力：

2)新聞的尾句。尾句有時是對新聞做總結(jié)或概述,所以設(shè)題點也可能在新聞的尾句。

3)含有年代、數(shù)量、價格等數(shù)字處。

4)新聞材料的列舉處。地區(qū)、改革、相關(guān)人物等信息的例舉處往往是新聞的設(shè)題重點,而且往往是Except、Not、Incorrect等題型的首選。新聞聽力：

常見語音現(xiàn)象有以下三種：

1)連讀。連讀的發(fā)生頻率很高,若平時沒有連讀的習(xí)慣,通常較難識別連讀的單詞,造成對信息的誤解。平時聽英語材料時應(yīng)注意連讀現(xiàn)象,并進行一定的跟讀練習(xí)。

2)失爆。當爆破音/p//b//k//g//t//d/中的任意兩個或同一個重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時,前一個音不發(fā)音,直接發(fā)后一個爆破音。例如:sitdown中的/t/不發(fā)音,abigdeal中的/g/不發(fā)音。

3)以輔音/h/開頭的詞,若其前一個詞以輔音結(jié)尾,則/h/不發(fā)音,直接連讀到/h/后面的元音。例如：lendhimabook中的/h/不發(fā)音。

NewsItemOne(2016.6）1.

A)Globaleconomicrecovery.

B)Risingunemploymentworldwide.

C)TheInternationalLabourOrganization'skeyobjective.

D)Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.2.

A)Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeople'slivelihood.

B)Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs.

C)Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddressthecurrenteconomiccrisis.

D)Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.2.WhatdoesJuanSomavia,DirectorGeneraloftheInternationalLabourOrganization,say？1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout？√√TheInternationalLaborOrganizationsaysthenumberofpeoplewithoutjobsisincreasing.（1）Initslatestupdateonglobalemploymenttrends,theagencysaysprojectionsofthenumberonunemployedpeoplethisyearrangefrom210milliontonearly240millionpeople.Thereportwarnsthat200millionpoorworkersareatriskofjoiningtheranksofpeoplelivingonlessthan2dollarsperdayinthepastthreeyears.TheDirectorGeneraloftheInternationalLaborOrganization,JuanSomavia,notesthatsomecountrieshavetakenmeasurestoaddresstheeffectsoftheglobalcrisis.However,hepointsoutthatmanycountrieshavenotdoneso.（2）Andbasedonpastexperiences,ittakesfourtofiveyearsaftereconomicrecoveryforunemploymenttoreturntopre-crisislevels.Mr.SomaviasaystheInternationalLaborOrganizationisproposingaGlobalJobsagreementtodealwithunemployment．（Mr.Somavia’svoice）“Itskeyobjectiveistoplacethecenterofrecoveryefforts,measureswillgeneratehighlevelsofemploymentandprovidebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.”NewsItemTwo3.A)Putcalorieinformationonthemenu. B)Servestandardizedfoodnationwide. C)Increaseproteincontentinthefood. D)Offerconvenientfoodtocustomers.4.A)Theywilllosecustomers. B)Theywillgetawarning. C)Theywillbeclosed. D)Theywillbefined..√√3.WhatarebigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkCityrequiredtodo,accordingtothenewrule？4.Whatwillhappentobigrestaurantchainsthatviolatethenewrule？BigfastfoodchainsinNewYorkcityhavestartedtoobeyafirstkindofitsrulerequiringthemtopostcaloriecountsrightonthemenu.（3）CathyNonousiswithNewYorkcityDepartmentofHealth．（CathyNonous’svoice）“Wewantedtogivepeopleanopportunitytoactuallyseethecaloriesbeforetheypurchasethefoodandmakeadecisionandinformdecisionthatiftheywanttomakeahealthierchoice.Iftheywanttoeatfewercalories,theycan.Andweexpectthiswillhaveahugeimpactonobesity.Andofcourse,ifthishasanimpactonobesity,itwillhaveanimpactondiabetes,andheartdisease,andhighbloodpressure.”Thenewruleswereintroducedaspartofanti-obesitycampaignthatalsoincludesarecentcitywidebanonartificialtransfatsinrestaurantfood.Themenuruleonlyappliestorestaurantsthatservestandardizedportionsizesandhave50ormorelocationsnationwide.StartinglastSaturday,chainsbigenoughtofallundertherulewillfacepenaltiesabout2,000dollarsfornotshowingcalorieinformationinaprominentspotontheirmenus,preferablynexttotheprice.NewsItemThree

5.

A)Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirown.B)Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.C)Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans.D)Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts.6.A)Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture. B)Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards. C)Itisthecreationofsomethingnew. D)Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess.7.A)Itsinnovationculture. B)Itshardworkingemployees. C)Itswillingnesstomakeinvestments. D)Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy.√√√5.Whatistheproblemwithmanycompaniesaccordingtothenewsreport？6.Whatdomanypeopletendtothinkofinnovation？7.WhatdoesthecompanyProcter&Gambleoweitssuccessto？Almostallcompaniesrecognizetheimportanceofinnovationtoday,butnotmanyareabletointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.（5）AcommentaryintheShanghaiDailypointsoutthatinnovationdoesn’tmeanpilesofdocuments.Itissomethingmorepractical.Thearticlesaysmanypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnew,（6）butactuallyit’smorethanthat.It’sanattitudeofdoingthings.Acompanyshouldfindwaystoinnovatenotjustinproductsbutalsoinfunctions,businessmodelsandprocesses．ThearticlecitestheglobalgiantProcter&Gambleasanexample,sayingarealinnovativecompanyshoulddevelopaninnovationcultureanduseitasaprimarytoolforsuccess.（7）Procter&Gamblehasa“CorporateInnovationFund”whichoffersbigrewardsforhigh-riskideasthatsucceed.Italsohasaspecialinnovationfacilityfortheemployees.Sometimesitsemployeesarereleasedfromtheirdailyjobsforweeksandspendtheirtimeinteractingintheinnovationfacilityinstead.Inconclusion,thearticlesaysinnovativeideasalonedonotensuresuccess.It’spointlessunlessthereisarepeatableprocessinplacetoturninspirationintofinancialperformance．LongConversation8.A)Hedoesnottalklongonthephone. B)Heisnotverygoodatsocializing. C)Heiscrazyabouttext-messaging. D)He’sgotaddictedtotechnology.9.A)Talkbig.C)Talkatlength. B)Forgetherself.D)Gossipalot.10.A)Hethoughtitwascool. B)Heneededthepractice. C)Hehadanurgentmessagetosend. D)Hewantedtostayconnectedwiththem.11.A)Itiscoolandconvenient. B)Itsavesbothtimeandmoney. C)Itposesachallengetoseniors. D)Itischildishandunprofessional.10.Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone？9.Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone？√√√8.Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself？√11.Whatdoesthewoman’sfatherthinkoftextmessaging？M:So,Lindsy,doyouliketotextmessageonyourcellphone？W:Yeah,Itextmessagealot．M:Idon'tdoitsomuch.IprefertomakeacallifI'minahurry．W:Yeah,Igobothways.SometimesIdon'treallywanttotalktotheperson.Ijustwanttoaskthemonequestion,soit'smucheasierformejusttotextmessage.IfIcallthem,I'llhavetohavealongconversation.（9）M:Yeah,Icanseewhatyoumean.ButIgetoffthephoneprettyquicklywhenIcall.（8）I‘mnotabigtalker．W:Yeah,that'strue.Youdon'ttalkalot．M:Soareyoufastatwritingthemessageswithyourthumb？W:Well,whenIfirstgotacellphone,Iwassoslow.IthoughtIwouldnevertextmessage.Butthenpeoplekepttextmessagingme,soIfeltobligedtolearnhowtotextmessage.SonowI'mprettyfast.Whataboutyou？M:ActuallyIhavetheoppositeproblem.WhenIfirstgotmycellphone,Ithoughtitwassocooltotextmessageallmyfriendswhohaveone（10）,andIwasprettyfastwithmythumbthen.ButitseemslikenowIdon'tuseitsomuch,I'vegotsloweractually．W:Yeah,Ithinktextmessagingactuallyiswhatyouhavetodowithyourage.Forexample,peopleinhighschool,theytextmessagealot.ButIaskmyfatherifhetextedmessages,andguesswhathesaid？M:What？W:Hesaidhe'dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit'sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.（11）M:Yeah,Icanseewhathemeans.It'sconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessagetosomeone．LongConversation12.A)Heisoftensingledoutforcriticismbyhisboss. B)Hethinkshedeservesextrapayforovertime. C)Heisunhappywithhisdepartmentmanager. D)Hewantstochangehisjobassignment.13.A)Hissalarywastoolowforhisresponsibility. B)Hiscolleaguesoftenrefusedtocooperate. C)Hisimmediatebossdidnottrusthim. D)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.14.A)Heneverknowshowtorefuse. B)Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim. C)Hisbosshasnosenseoffairness. D)Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.15.A)Putallhiscomplaintsinwriting. B)Learntosaynowhennecessary. C)Waitandseewhathappensnext. D)Talktohisbossinpersonfirst..√√14.Whydidthemantextmessageallhisfriendswhenhefirstgothiscellphone？√13.Whatdoesthewomantendtodowhilesheisonthephone？12.Whatdoesthemansayabouthimself？√15.Whatdoesthewoman’sfatherthinkoftextmessaging？ConversationTwoW:Goodmorning,Mr.Johnson.HowcanIhelpyou？M:Well,I'dliketotalktoyouaboutTimBond,thedepartmentmanager.（12）W:Whatseemstobetheproblem？M:Well,eversinceSandraleftthedepartment,IfeellikeI'vebeentargetedtodoallherworkaswellasmine.（12）I'mexpectedtoattendtoomanymeetingsandIseemtobespendingalotofmytimedoingunnecessarypaperwork.（13）W:I'msorrytohearthat．M:And,ontopofthat,I'dspecificallyaskedifIcouldleaveearlylastFridayasI'ddonealotofovertimeduringtheweek.Butthatafternoon,eventhoughI'dfinishedmyassignedwork,Iwastoldtohelpothercolleaguesfinishtheirwork,too.（13）W:Butsurelythat'sapositivesignshowingthatMr.Bondhasalotoftrustinyou.（14）M:Yes,butothercolleaguesgettoleaveearly,andtheydon‘thavesuchalotofworktodo．W:Soyoufeelhe'sreallymakingunrealisticdemandsonyou？M:Yes,absolutely．W:HaveyouapproachedMr.Bondaboutthisparticularproblem？M:I'vetried,butitseemslikehejusthasnotimeforme．W:Well,atthisstage,itwouldbebetterifyouapproachedhimdirectly.（15）Ifnothingelseshowingthatyou‘vetriedtosolvetheproblemyourselfbeforeyoutakeitfurther.Makesitclearthatyou’rejustnotacomplainer.Whydon‘tyousendanemailrequestingameetingwithhiminprivate？M:Hmm,I’vebeenabitworriedabouthisreaction.ButanywayI’llsendhimanemailtorequestameeting,andI’llseewhathappensfromthere.Thanksforyouradvice．W:Goodluck.Andletusknowtheoutcome．16.A)Diseasesassociatedwithlackofsleep. B)ReasonsforAmericans'declineinsleep. C)Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife. D)Sometipstoimprovethequalityofsleep.17.A)Theygetlessandlesssleep. B)Theyaremorehealth-conscious. C)Theyarechangingtheirlivinghabits. D)Theyknowthedangersoflackofsleep.18.A)Theirweightwillgodown. B)Theirbloodpressurewillrise. C)Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease. D)Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate.16.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout？√18.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillhappentopeoplewholacksleep？√17.Whatdowelearnfromthetalkabouttoday’sAmericans？？√Themassivedeclineinsleephappenedsoslowlyandquietlythatfewseemedtonoticethetrend.（17）WasitbecauseofthegrowingattractionoftheInternet,videogamesandendlessTVchannels？Neverdisconnectingfromwork？Nomatterhowithappened,millionsofAmericansareputtingtheirhealth,qualityoflifeandevenlengthoflifeindanger．Newevidenceshowswhygettingenoughsleepisatoppriority.（16）Some40%ofAmericansgetlessthan7hoursofshut-eyeonweeknights.“Thelinkbetweensleepandhealth,andbadsleepanddiseaseisbecomingclearerandclearer,”saysLawrenceAlperstein,asleepexpertatHarvardUniversity.Forexample,sleepdurationhasdeclinedfromsome8hoursinthe1950sto7inrecentyears.（17）Atthesametime,highbloodpressurehasbecomeanincreasingproblem.Bloodpressureandheartratearetypicallyattheirlowestlevelsduringsleep.Peoplewhosleeplesstendtohavehigherbloodpressure,heartattack,diabetes,weightgainandotherproblems.（18）Sleepingbettermayhelpfightoffillness.（16）“Whenpeoplearesleep-deprived,therearehigherlevelsofstresshormonesintheirbodieswhichcandecreaseimmunefunction,”saysDr.Felicity,ofNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.AUniversityofChicagostudyshowspeoplewhosleepwelllivelonger.Sosaygoodnightsooneranditmayhelpyoustayactiveandvitaltoaripeoldage.（16）19.A)Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose. B)Whichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto. C)Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication. D)Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay.20.A)Thereferencesfromteachers. B)Thefullrecordofscores. C)Thepersonalstatement. D)Thelistofcoursesstudied.21.A)Specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation. B)Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying. C)Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversity. D)Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.19.Whatisthefirstdecisionyoushouldmakeinpreparingtoapplyforaplaceatauniversity？√21.Whatmustapplicantsdointheirpersonalstatements？√20.Whatisthemostimportantpartoftheapplication？√Parentsandteacherswilltellyounottoworrywhenapplyingforaplaceatauniversity.Butinthesamebreathwewillremindyouthatitisthemostimportantdecisionofyourlife．

Thefirstdecisionisyourchoiceofcourse.（19）Itwilldependonwhatyouwanttogetoutofuniversity,whatyouaregoodatandwhatyouenjoy.Thenextdecisioniswheretoapply.Aimhighbutwithinreason.Doyouhavetherightcombinationofsubjectsandareyourexpectedgradeslikelytomeetentryrequirements？ThedeadlineisJanuary15th.Butitisbesttosubmityourapplicationearlybecauseuniversitiesbeginworkassoonasformsstartrollingin．

Themostimportantpartoftheapplicationisthemuchfearedpersonalstatement.（20）Thisisyourchancetoconveyboundlessenthusiasmforthesubject.Soeconomyofexpressionisforemost.Omitdullandineffectivegeneralitiesandmakesureyougiveconcreteexamples.Admissionsofficersreadeverypersonalstatementthatarrives.Itisnotconvincingifyousayyouhavechosenthesubjectbecauseyouenjoyit.Youhavetogetacrosswhatitisaboutaparticularareathathasinspiredyou.Theywilllookforevidencethatyouhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.（21）Applicantsshouldbehonest.Thereisnopointsayingyourunmarathons,ifyouaregoingtobeoutofbreatharrivingattheinterviewonthesecondfloor．22.A)ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer. B)ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily.C)Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury. D)Itwasequippedwithrubbertires.23.A)Theyoftenbrokedown. B)Theytooktwopassengersonly.C)Theyweredifficulttodrive.D)Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol.24.A)Theyweremadeforordinaryuse.B)TheyweremodeledafterBritishcars.C)Theywerebuiltwithlesscostlymaterials.D)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.25.A)Itattractedlargenumbersofmotorists.B)Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.C)ItwasbuiltfortheRoyalfamily.D)Itmadenewsallovertheworld.22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefirstmotorcar？√23.WhatwastheproblemwiththeearlycarsinBritain？√24.WhydidHenryFord’sModelTcarscostless？√√25.WhatdowelearnabouttheBristonBypass？ItisusuallyagreedthataGerman,KarlBenz,builtthefirstmotorcarin1885.（22）Itwasactuallyatricyclewithapetrolmotorattherear.Soon,membersoftheRoyalfamilyandotherwealthypeopletookupmotoringasasport.Manyoftheearlycarshavetwoseats.Therewerenopetrolpumpsandfewgarages.Soeverydriverhadtobehisownengineerforthefrequentbreakdowns.（23）By1905,carsbegantolooklikecarsoftodaywithheadlamps,windscreen,rubbertires,andnumberplates.HenryFord’sModelT,introducedinAmericain1909,wascheaperbecauseitwasmadeontheassemblyline.（24）Itbroughtcarsclosertowardstherichandordinarypeople.Withthepopularityofthecar,registrationbecameamustin1903withtheMotorCarAct.Competencytestswereintroducedin1935.TodaythelegaldrivingageofcarintheUKis17.Youarenotallowedtodriveacarunsuperviseduntilyouhavepassedadrivingtest.In1958,Britaincelebratedtheopeningofitsfirstmotorway,theBristonBypass.Untilthen,noonereallyunderstoodwhatamotorwaywas,noteventhelaborerswhowerebuildingit.TheBypasshailedanewerainmotortravelandwasgreetedwithexcitementandoptimism.（25）Servicestationscamewiththemotorway.Andthelegendoftransportcafewasborn.Ofcourse,theservicestationhasdiversifiedgreatly.Butwhetherit’sanEnglishcookedbreakfastoracoffeeandsandwich,onethinghasremainedthesame,theprices．a(chǎn)busev.濫用[?'bju?z]agendan.議程arrestv.逮捕assailv.攻擊[?'se?l]assassinationn.刺殺[??s?s??ne??n]autonomyn.自治ballotn.選票['b?l?t]bilaterala.雙邊的[ba?'l?t(?)r(?)l]blastn.爆炸campaignn.競選活動candidaten.候選人政治新聞chaosn.混亂

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