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第一部份語法概論TOC\o"1-5"\h\z第一節(jié)詞類2第二節(jié)句子……………..……….3第三節(jié)從句…………………..….3第二部份基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第一節(jié)名詞4第二節(jié)冠詞.7第三節(jié)代詞…………….….…….10第四節(jié)數(shù)詞………….…………..15第五節(jié)介詞.17第六節(jié)連詞20第七節(jié)形容詞和副詞…………….24第八節(jié)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞27第九節(jié)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)29\o"CurrentDocument"第十節(jié)動(dòng)詞語態(tài)36第三部份句子種類……………..….38第四部份主從復(fù)合句………..…….43第五部份直接引語與間接引語46第一部份語法概論英語的語法主要分作詞法和句法兩類,換而言之,詞類和句子兩要素在語法中起著關(guān)鍵作用。因此,我們首先必須弄清詞類,句子的基本構(gòu)成、分類及其共性。第一節(jié)詞類1、詞的分類英語中的詞根據(jù)其形式特征、詞義以及句法作用,分成十類詞類英語名稱縮寫形式例詞名詞nounn.Paper,bike代詞Pronounpron.They,everyone動(dòng)詞verbv.Play,learn副詞adverbadv.Often,quite形容詞adjectiveAdj.Great,long數(shù)詞numeralnum.nine,first冠詞articleart.a(an),the介詞prepositionprep.in,on連詞conjunctionconj.but,though感嘆詞interjectionint.oh,aha2、詞類關(guān)系(1)冠詞、介詞、連接詞和感嘆詞不能在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成份,稱為虛詞;名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞能在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成份,稱為實(shí)詞。2)副詞常修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞本身。3)代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞和冠詞常修飾名詞,形容詞也可修飾某些代詞(如不定代詞),但要后置。第二節(jié)句子1、句子分類句子具有一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu),比單詞和詞組復(fù)雜,能表達(dá)相對(duì)獨(dú)立和完整的意義。句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句Tomusuallyplaysfootballinafternoon湯姆經(jīng)常下午踢足球。并例句HeistallbutIamshort.他咼可是我矮。主從復(fù)合句Itisobviousthathedidthatthing.他顯然做了件事。句陳述句Shehasnothadherlunch.她還沒吃早餐。
子疑問句Canyougivemeapieceofpaper?你能給我一張紙嗎?功祈使句Let'sgoswimming.讓我去游泳吧。能感嘆句Whataninterestingstoryitis.多么有趣的故事啊?、胖髡Z(TheSubject)⑴主語(TheSubject)(3)賓語(TheObject)⑸表語(ThePredicative)⑺狀語(TheAdverbial)(2)謂語(ThePredicate)⑷補(bǔ)語(TheComplement)(6)定語(TheAttribute)英語的句子成分可由單詞、詞組或從句構(gòu)成,具體劃分與漢語相差較大,需特別注意。第三節(jié)從句從句有以下幾種:分類例句主語從句Whetherhe'scomingornotdoesn'tmattertoomuch.他是否來無關(guān)緊要。表語從句Thatiswhathemeant.這是他的意思。賓語從句SheaskedmewhichIlikebest.她問我喜歡哪一個(gè)。定語從句TheletterwhichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommymother.昨天我收的信是我的母親來的。狀語從句Wemusthurryofflestweshouldmissthetrain.我們是趕快走了,以免誤了火車。同位語從句Thefactthatyoutoldalieisunforgiveable.你撒謊這一事實(shí)不可原諒。第二部份基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第一節(jié)名詞名詞是表示人或物名稱的詞,它分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。具體情況見下表:普通名詞(commonnoun)專有名詞如:China,LiHua,London個(gè)體名詞如:student,computer集體名詞如team,family,class物質(zhì)名詞如:water,milkenergy(精力)抽象名詞如information,anger一般可數(shù),有單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般不可數(shù),沒有單復(fù)數(shù)形式一、可數(shù)名詞1.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化A)名詞直接加s變復(fù)數(shù);B)以s,x,sh,o結(jié)尾的單詞加es變復(fù)數(shù);如bus,watch,fish,tomato,potato等。注意:zoo,radio,photo直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。C)輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞,把y改為i再加es;如baby,factory,library等。D)以f或fe結(jié)尾,去掉f或fe,變v再加es;如knife,wife,leaf,life,shelf等。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化。A)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母,如:Foot—feetman—mentooth—teethmouse—miceB)在詞尾加一en,如:Child—Childrenox—oxen(公牛)有少數(shù)名詞是單復(fù)數(shù)同形,如:SheepfishpeopleC)表示“某國人”的單復(fù)數(shù)變化單復(fù)數(shù)同形,如:Chinese,Japanese詞尾加-s,如:German—GermansAmerican—AmericansRoman—Romans變-man為一men,如:Englishman—EnglishmenD)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化:變中心詞,如:Ason-in-law—sons-in-law在最后^口-s,如:agrow-up—agrowups.前后名詞都變,如:woman-doctor—womendoctorsboy/girl在前時(shí),變后面的詞,如:aboy-student—boystudents二、不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞用[U]表示,包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞,一般只有單數(shù)形式,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。但它們也有以下特殊形式。1.物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞借助單位詞表示一定的數(shù)量,如:Acupofteaasheetofpaperaloafofbreadapieceofadvice2.有些物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)后意義有所不同,如:air—airs神氣good—goods商品paper—papers考卷time—times時(shí)代三、常用國籍的單、復(fù)數(shù)名稱總稱(謂語用復(fù)數(shù))一個(gè)人二個(gè)人中國人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese法國人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen英國人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen澳大利亞人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄國人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians美國人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans德國人theGermansaGermantwoGermans歸納記憶:中國人和日本人單復(fù)數(shù)相同,英國人和法國人把a(bǔ)改為e,其余的在后面加-s。A.agoodinformationA.agoodinformationB.someinformations四、名詞所有格A)名詞所有格用于人或動(dòng)物的名詞詞尾,以及表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞后。Tom'spens,LucyandLily'sroom(共同所有),Lily'sandLucy'sroom(各自所有),Children'sDay,twentyminutes'walk,Guangzhou'sbuilding.B)當(dāng)表示兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)人共同所有的人或物時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)人或物后加s。C)of所有格(名詞+of+名詞):常用來表示無生命的名詞所有關(guān)系。如:ThewindowsofthehousethephotoofthefamilyD)有些名詞如診所、家、店鋪所有格后加's后,可以省去名詞。aplanofJim's如:Thedoctor's(醫(yī)生診所)atWhite's(在懷特先生家)thebook-seller's(書店)一、單項(xiàng)選擇。)1.September10isDay.A.Teacher'sB.Teachers'C.theteachers'D.theteacher's)2.Everymorninghetakesa
A.20minuteswalktohisoffice.B.20-minute'swalkC.20minutes'walkD.20-minutewalk)3.ThereisonlyoneA.man;womanB.man;womenC.men;womanD.men;women)4.Howmanyarethereinthose?A.tomatos;photosB.tomatoes;photosC.tomatoes;photoD.tomato;photos)5.Haveyouseenatthefootofthehill?A.anysheepB.somesheepsC.anysheeps)6.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme,please?A.somebreadB.somewaterC.somecakesdoctorandthreenurseshere.D.somesheepD.someeggs)7.Ifthese)7.Ifthese__A.trouserD.trousersesaretoobig,buyasmallerpair.trousersC.trouseres)8.ThispairofshoesA.costB.costsmuch.C.costesD.costed)9.Thenews)9.ThenewsA.wereD.is_formyfather.B.areC.be)10.Whatbadweathertoday!)11.MyEnglishteachergaveusA.aadviceB.anadviceA.anC.someadviceB.aC.theD.someadvicesD./)12.Thereissomilkintheglass.A.muchB.manyC.lotof)13.Mr.Kingisafriendof.A.Mr.Wang'sB.Mr.Wangs)14.Heoftengivesusbye-mail.D.fewC.theWangsD.Mr.WangC.somegoodinformationD.somegoodinformations()15.workhasbeendonetoday.A.AgreatdealofB.AlotC.ManyD.Alargenumberof
第二節(jié)冠詞冠詞的定義:冠詞是一種虛詞,用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面,表示名詞是特指或泛指。冠詞可分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種形式。不定冠詞的用法1、不定冠詞a,an的用法:A)冠詞a和an都用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,表示某一類人或事物中的一個(gè),或第一次提到的人或事,如:LiPinghasanappleinherhand.李平手里拿著一個(gè)蘋果。Therearetwelvemonthsinayear.一年有十二個(gè)月。B)冠詞用a在以輔音開始的名詞或名詞詞組之前,而冠詞an則用在以元音開始的名詞或名詞詞組之前,如:aphoto,aking,anexample,anEnglishclass.注意:上面講的冠詞an在以元音開始的名詞或名詞詞組之前,指的是'元音”而不是“元音字母”,因此以元音字母u開始的名詞之前只能用a而不用an(字母u的發(fā)音是/ju:/,它的第一個(gè)音素/j/是輔音而不是元音)。有些詞雖然不是以元音字母開始,但如果它的第一個(gè)音是元音音素則用不定冠詞an,關(guān)鍵是以發(fā)音為準(zhǔn)。如:auniversity,anhour等。C)一些固定搭配必須帶不定冠詞a,如:haveawalk散步haveameeting開會(huì)havealook看一下havearest休息一下haveatalk談心haveaparty舉行晚會(huì)alotof許多apieceof一片的apairof一雙的abottleof一瓶的acupof一茶杯的aglassof一水杯的aboxof一箱的haveafever發(fā)燒haveaheadache頭疼haveagoodtime過得快活定冠詞的用法定冠詞the有this,that,these,those等意義,用于單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。主要用來特指。使一個(gè)或幾個(gè)事物區(qū)別于所有其他同名的事物。1.定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。Isthisthebookyouarelookingfor?這是你要找的書嗎?2.定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。sawafilmyesterday.Thefilmwasendedateighto'clock.我昨天看了一場(chǎng)電影。電影八點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束的。3.定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。thesun/themoon/theearth/thesky/theworld/thewinternightthesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太陽比月亮大。4.定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,表示毫米一類人或物。Thedogisnottoodangerous.狗不太危險(xiǎn)。5.定冠詞與某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化,表示某一類人。therich富人thepoor窮人theyoung年輕人thesick病人thenew新和事物theright正確的東西thetrue真的東西thebeautiful美的東西6.用在序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)的表示方位的名詞前。Thisisthemostinterestingbookonmyhand.這是我手中最有趣的一本書。7.定冠詞用在演奏樂器的名稱的文藝活動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的名稱前。Thearegoingtothecinematonight.他們今晚要去影院看電影。8.定冠詞用在江河,海洋,山脈,群島的名稱之前。TheChangjiangRiveristhebiggestoneinChina長江是中國最大的河。9.定冠詞用有姓名復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示一家人。TheGreensareverykindtous.格林一家人待我們很好。不定冠詞(零冠詞)的場(chǎng)合在交通工具、學(xué)科名稱的名詞前不加冠詞,如:ByplanebyboatChineseAmericanhistory在節(jié)日、假日、星期、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前不加冠詞,如:NationalDayMondayspringOctober在一日三餐、體育類等名詞前不加冠詞,如:Heprefersmilkandeggforbreakfast.他寧可早餐吃雞蛋,喝牛奶。Icookedsomenoodlesforsupper.我晚餐煮了一些面條。一、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.IsCanada______Englishspeakingcountry?A.aB.anC.theD./()2.Canadais______Englishspeakingcountry?A.aB.anC.theD./()3.Icanseealittlewhitesheepinthefield._sheepisNancy'A.AB.TheC.AnD./()4.Thatisusefulbook.A.aB.anC.theD./()5.Thereis_“s”intheword“bus”.A.aB.anC.theD./()6.Mybrotheris_driver.A.aB.anC.theD./
()7.elephantismuchheavierthanahorse.A.AB.AnC.TheD./()8.Whenhewasintroubleyesterday,youngmangavehimahand.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.aB.anC.theD./()9.Heranattwokilometershour.A.aB.anC.theD./()10.TheboyonbikeisJim.A.aB.anC.theD./()11.TheYellowRiverissecondlongestriverinChina.A.aB.anC.theD./()12.moongoesroundearth,andearthgoesroundsun.A.A;a;a;aB.An;an;an;anC.The;the;the;theD./;/;/;/()13.Thereiseggontheplate.eggisforyou.A.a;AB.an;AnC.an;TheC.an;An()14.Onemorninghefoundabag.Therewas“s”onthecornerofbag.A.a;aB.a;theC.an;aD.an;the()15.Peopleoftengoswimminginsummer.A./B.aC.anD.the()16.IstheremapofChinaonthewall?Yes,thereis.A.aB.anC.theD./()17.Haveyouhadlunchyet.No,notyet.A./B.aC.theD.an()18.appleonthetableisWeiFang's.oldmansittingonthechair.A.AnB.AC./D.Theoldmansittingonthechair.()19.Whatcanyouseebythelake?IcanseeA.aB.antheD.A.aB.antheD./()20.SeptemberisTeachers'Day.ThetenB.ThetenthC.Theten'sD.Ten第三節(jié)代詞①代詞的分類名詞的表示人,事物和抽象概念的詞類。根椐名詞表達(dá)的意義和用法,常見名詞可做以下分類名稱單詞人稱你詞主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they賓格Me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代詞形容詞性單數(shù):My,your,his,her,its復(fù)數(shù):our,your,their名詞性單數(shù):Mine,yours,his,hers,its,復(fù)數(shù):Ours,yours,theirs.反身代詞單數(shù):myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù):ourselves,yourselves,themselves指示代詞this,that,these,those,such疑問代詞Who,whom,whose,which,what不定代詞Some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,no,noone,every,everything,each,much,many,little,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither.關(guān)系代詞Who,whom,whose,which,that.As相互代詞Eachother,oneanother連接代詞What,which,who,that下面是部分代詞的用法:1.Few,little;afew,alittle的用法:Few和little表示沒有多少,含否定意義;afew和alittle表示有一些,有幾個(gè),含肯定意義。另外,F(xiàn)ew和afew修飾可數(shù)名詞;little和alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞。他們?cè)诰渲谐W鞫ㄕZ、主語和賓語。如:HeknowsalittleEnglish.(定語)FewofthemcouldspeakEnglish.(主語)IknowlittleaboutJapanese.(賓語)2.other和another的用法Other泛指"另外的",作定語,常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞連用;但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,none,one,or以及形容詞性物主代詞時(shí),則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。例如:Otherboys,allotherbeauty,nootherway,theotheroneanyotherplant,everyotherday,someotherreason等。Others是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式泛之"別的人或物”(但不是全部)。例如:Somearecarrywater,otherarewateringthetrees.Theother指“兩者中的另一個(gè)”,常與one連用,作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),表示另一方中的'全部其全余的”。例如:Heheldabowinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Theothers是theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式,特指"全部其余的人或物”。例如:Ihavegottenpencils.Twoofthemarered,theothersareblue。Another指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的“任何一個(gè)”,“再一……”,“別一個(gè)”;作代詞或形容詞。例如:Ihavefinishedthisnovel,pleasegivemeanother.One...theother指兩個(gè)人或物構(gòu)成的一組中的個(gè)體;one...another指同一組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)個(gè)體。例如:Herearetwobooks.OneisforMary,theotherisforJack.Onepersonmayliketospendhisholidayattheseashore,while,anothermaypreferthemountains.all和both的用法這兩個(gè)詞都表示整體,但both指兩個(gè)人或物,而all指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物;要句中都可作主語、賓語、表語、同位語和定語。例如:Allofusshouldworkhard.(主語)Webothliketogo.(同位語)Welikebothofthebooks.(賓語)Thatisallfortoday.(表語)1.All表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2.Both和all加否定是部分否定,如果要表示全部否定,分別用neither和none。例如:Bothofusarenotteachers.我們倆不都是老師。(部分否定)Neitherofusisateacher.我們倆都不是老師。(全部否定)neither和either的用法neither表示兩者都不;either表示兩者中的任何一個(gè);兩個(gè)詞都表示單數(shù),在句中可作主語,賓語和定語。如:Neitheroftheanswersiswrong.(主語)Eithersentenceisright.(定語)Youmaytakeeitherofthebooks.(賓語)It的主要用法Whatisthis?Itisaharvester.(剛提到的事物)Whoismakingthenoise?Itmustbethechildren.(指未明身份的人或物)Itwillbelovelyintheparktoday.(環(huán)境情況等,天氣等自然現(xiàn)象)Itis6o'clock.(時(shí)間,季節(jié))ItisaboutfivemilestotheSummerPlace.(距離)Itisfoolishofyoutobestillworryingaboutit.(形式主語)Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.HefounditdifficulttolearnEnglish.(形式主語)Hemadeitclearinhisspeechthathetooknointerestinpolitics.It'sthoughstrugglethatwelearnthistruth.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)ItwastheWorldtradeTowersthattheterroristsattackedonSept.11th,2001.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的構(gòu)成:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(或人或物,或主語賓語或狀語)+who/that+其它部分。、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Shehaslostpen.WillyoulendherA.her;youB.A.her;youB.hers;your()2.Isthiscarfor__?A.weB.myC.me()3.Whoteaches__French?A.weB.ourC.usC.her;yoursD.hers;yoursmineD.ours()4.Isawplayinginthestreetatthattime.A.themB.theyC.theirD.theirs()5.Mikelostnewwatchwhilehewasplayingfootballatachool.A.hisB.heC.himD.himself()6.bookisnewandisnew,too.A.Our;heB.Ours;hisC.My;hisD.My;herTOC\o"1-5"\h\z()7.Theyaregoingtoseeateacherof.A.themB.theirC.theirsD.themselves()8.Thisroomisours,andthatoneis.A.theyB.themC.theirsD.their()9.IlikethiskindofcolorTV,soIwanttobuy.A.itB.oneC.thisD.that()10.Twofriendsofwouldgotohelpyou.A.IB.meC.mineD.my()11.Thereisn'tpaperinthebox.Willyougoandgetforus?A.some;muchB.any;manyC.any;muchD.any;some()12.Therearethirtystudentsintheclass.Somearegirls,areboys.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theother()13.----HaveyouanyMends(改進(jìn))hereinGuangdong?Yes,Ihave.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew()14.ofthemknewabouttheaccidentbecauseitwaskeptasecret.A.EachB.AnyC.AllD.None()15.WehavefounddifficulttolearnJapanese.A.itB.itsC.thatD.this、在空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)姆瓷泶~。I'mlearningEnglishallby.Helptosomechicken,children.MaryandJackallenjoyedintheparklastSunday.Heistooyoungtotakecareof.MissLisaidtous,“Theworkishard,butyoumustfinishitMylittlesistercandressnow.Thestoryisveryinteresting,butLiLeididn'ttellitwell.Wecan'trepairtheradio.第四節(jié)數(shù)詞①數(shù)詞的分類名稱例詞基數(shù)詞Eight,nine,nineteen,fourthousand,amillion序數(shù)詞Eighth,ninth,nineteenth,fourthousandth,amillionth特殊數(shù)詞類分?jǐn)?shù)2/3twothirds百分?jǐn)?shù)6%sixpercent小數(shù)0.5zeropointfive1.基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可作主語、表語、定語、狀語等。如:Threeofthemwillplaybasketball.他們中三個(gè)人要去打籃球。Iameighteenthisyear.今年我18歲了。2.序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞除了幾個(gè)特殊形式外,其余的在基數(shù)詞后加后綴-th構(gòu)成,也可作主語、表語、定語、狀語等。如:Hewasthesecondtoleave.他是第二個(gè)離開的。OctoberthefirstisNationalDay.10月1號(hào)是國慶節(jié)。順口溜:“一二三”特殊記,“-th”從“四”加起,怎么加?很容易,八去“t”,九去“e”,“f”來把“ve”替,“ty”改為tie,若是遇到“幾十幾”,只變個(gè)位就可以。數(shù)詞的用法1.可以表示年、月、日。在表示年、月、日時(shí),“年”用基數(shù)詞,“日”用序數(shù)詞。如:2007-6-8:June24,2007或Juneeighth,20072.?dāng)?shù)詞可以表示時(shí)刻。如:Sixo'clock6點(diǎn)整aquarterpastsix6點(diǎn)一刻aquartertosix6點(diǎn)差一刻基數(shù)詞hundred,thousand和million前面有數(shù)字時(shí)所表示的是實(shí)數(shù)意義,詞尾不得加S。反之可加S。如:Threehundredpeople三百人Hundredsofpeople數(shù)以百計(jì)的人Twothousandpeople兩千人Thousandsofpeople成千上萬的人分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法。如:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于一,分母加S,如:1/6:one-fifth2/6:two-fifths()7.()7.He'sbeenasoldierfornearly5.倍數(shù)表示法。如:表示三以上的倍數(shù)用time,表示兩倍時(shí)用twice。如:twinsThreetimesthreeisnine.3乘3得9。Thisroomistwiceasthatone.這個(gè)房間有那個(gè)房間兩個(gè)大。Theearthis49timethesizeofthemoon.地球有49個(gè)月球那么大6.幾個(gè)與數(shù)目有關(guān)的詞語。如:Half一半several,afew幾個(gè)Adozen一打somedozen十幾Ascore二十dozens幾十Severalhundred幾百一、單詞拼寫。Rosehas(三只)dogs.Thereare(十五個(gè))windowsinthatbuildings.Thefishcostabout(十一)yuan.Wearegoingtostudy(第九)lessontomorrow.Lesson(九)isverydifficult.Thereare(四十三)classesinourschool.Wehavelearned(六百五十四)Englishwords.Whoisthegirlinthe(第二)row.Thereare(成千上萬)ofpeopleinthestreet.Hebought(二百)stampslastweek.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。)1.HunMeiandLucyaregoodfriends.TheyareinD.ThirdclassA.ClassThreeB.ThreeClassB.ClassThirdD.Thirdclassaway.)2.Howfarisit,please?It'saboutaway.A.hundredofmetresahundredofmetresA.hundredofmetresahundredofmetreshundredsofmetreshundredsofmetrehundredsofmetreshundredsofmetre)3.PeteroftengetsupatB.halfpastfiveA.halfpastsix)3.PeteroftengetsupatB.halfpastfiveA.halfpastsixC.aquartertosixD.aquartertofive)4.Samsaidwewouldmeetatinfrontofthemuseum.)5.A.onethirtyB.halfanhourC.oneandthirtyD.onepasthalfA.Twothreeofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.C.TwothirdsB.TwothreesD.Secondthree)6.AboutA.thirdfifths)5.A.onethirtyB.halfanhourC.oneandthirtyD.onepasthalfA.Twothreeofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.C.TwothirdsB.TwothreesD.Secondthree)6.AboutA.thirdfifthsoftheworkersintheclothesfactoryarewomen.B.thirdfifthC.threefifthsD.threefifthA.halfandtwoyearsB.twoandhalfyearC.twoyearsandahalfD.twoyearsandhalfayear()8.Thebuildingismorethanhigh.A.20-metreB.20-metresC.20metresD.20metre()9.InMarxbegantolearnRussian.1870B.1870sC.theyearof1870D.the1870's()10.WhenMr.Linwas,hebecameafamouswriter.A.onhisthirtiesB.inhisthirtiesC.inthetwentyD.inhistwenty第五節(jié)介詞介詞是虛詞,不能單獨(dú)做句子的成分,其后面一般有名詞、代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語做它的賓語。介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞常有比較固定的搭配。一、介詞的種類簡(jiǎn)單介詞:at,in,off,on,about,under,of,over,past,after,before合成介詞:into,inside,onto,without,outside短語介詞:accordingto,becauseof,infrontof,outof,insteadof二、下面是部份常用介詞的用法:?表示時(shí)間時(shí):at強(qiáng)調(diào)“點(diǎn)鐘”,on強(qiáng)調(diào)“日”和“某日的早、中、晚“,in強(qiáng)調(diào)“段”,與表示月份、季節(jié)、年等詞連用。例:Helefthomeonacoldwinterevening.WecametoGuangzhouinJuly,1992.Shegotupatsixo'clockthismorning.?表示在一段時(shí)間之后時(shí),“in+時(shí)間段”用于將來時(shí),“afte葉時(shí)間段”用于過去時(shí)。例:Hewillbebackintwoweeks.Shewentshoppingafterhissupper.?表示“直到…”或表示“…才”時(shí),用“till(until)+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”。Not…until是“直到…才…”。例:Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.?“During+時(shí)間段”是表示“在…期間”,而“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到…為止”,“在…之前”例:Mydaughterwantshimtogivehersomeworktododuringtheholiday.?表示“延緩的一段時(shí)間”,用for+時(shí)間段,表示將來時(shí)間,而since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。例:HehasbeeninGuangzhouin1995.?表地點(diǎn)時(shí),at表示在“范圍較小的地方”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“點(diǎn)”;in表示“范圍較大的地方”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“空間”或“范圍”。例:—WhendidyourfatherarriveinChina?—HegottoShenzhenonthemorningofthe4thofApril.?“across+表面”表示“橫過”;“through+空間”表示“穿過”;over表示從上面“越過”例:Thebirdisflyingthroughthewindow.
?表示“之間”時(shí),between表示“在兩者之間”,而among表示“三者或三者以上之中”。?在與方位名詞”east,west,south,north”連用時(shí),“on”強(qiáng)調(diào)“接鄰”;“in”表示“在內(nèi)部”,而“to”則表示“在外部”例:JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中國東部。?表示“用”時(shí),“with+手段”,“by+交通工具”,“in+語言。?“in+顏色”如:inred,inablueshirt”,“on+電器",如onTV,ontheinternet,onthetelephone.?to,of,for,with接人稱代詞,表示不同意義,to強(qiáng)調(diào)方位轉(zhuǎn)移,of本身,for為,with和。?above表示“高出,在……之上(位置)”,“以上,超過,高于(數(shù)量、年齡等)。常用的介詞短語:★帶about的短語:talkabout(談?wù)?,議論,討論),throwabout(到處扔),thinkabout(考慮,回想),worryabout(擔(dān)心),whatabout...(怎樣)?,beexcitedabout(對(duì)某事感到興奮)?!飵ith的短語:talkwith(與…交談,想說服),agreewith(同意),quarrelwith(跟…吵架,不同意)comeupwith(趕上,提出),help...With(幫助某人),catchupwith(趕上,逮捕,處罰),beangrywith(對(duì)某人生氣),befilledwith(充滿著),befedupwith(厭煩),bepleasedwith(對(duì)…喜歡,滿意于),getonwellwith(融洽相處)?!飵ver的短語:goover(復(fù)習(xí)),allover(全部結(jié)束,到處),tripover(絆倒),lookover(從…上面看,察看,調(diào)查),comeover(過來,抓?。?turn...over(打翻,周轉(zhuǎn),移交給,翻閱)。★帶down的短語:sitdown(坐下),getdown(從…)下來,cutdown(砍倒),turndown(向下折轉(zhuǎn)),slowdown(使)慢下來,shutdown(關(guān)閉),falldown(倒下),comedown(下來,病倒),writedown(寫下),upanddown(上下地),put(something)down(放下某物)。一、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Hewillcomeaweek.A.inB.onC.atD.for()2.Sheoftenhelpsourmaths.A.withB.onC.atD.in()3.TheTVplayhavebeenontwohours.A.forB.toA.forB.toC.inD.at()4.WeusuallybegintowatchTVsevenSunday.A.in;inB.at;inC.in;onD.at;on()5.I'mgladtomakefriendsyou.A.aboutB.forC.byD.with()6.Haveyouheardyourmother?A.inB.withC.byD.from()7.What'swrongyou.A.with()7.What'swrongyou.A.withB.aboutC.forD.by()8.Hewillgiveusareportthehistoryofourtown.A.inB.onC.atD.for()9.Sheishertwenties.A.onB.atC.inD.for()10.Summercomesspring.
A.beforeB.behindC.withD.afterA.beforeB.behindC.withD.after()11.Eatingtoomuchisbadyourhealth.A.withB.toC.ofD.for()12.Thereisatalltreethehouse.A.onfrontofB.beforeC.afterD.infrontof()13.CanyouwritealetterEnglish?A.withB.byC.atD.in()14.Thankyougivingmesomuchhelp.A.forB.toC.onD.with()15.Wouldyouliketogoawalk?A.forB.toD.overD.about()16.Whenhewasaboy,hewasinterestedscience.A.inB.atC.withD.about()17.It'sfoolishyoutogiveupwhatyoushouldhave.A.ofB.withC.atD.to()18.Tomorrowmorningwe'llleaveBeijing.A.fromB.toC.overD.for()19.Payattentionyourspelling.A.forB.byC.ofD.to()20.Howdoyougotowork,footorbus?A.on;withB.with;onC.by;onD.on;by二、用of,to,for,in填空。Theywentintoashopclothes.Haveyoufoundthekeytheroom.Hereisaletteryou,Rose.Thereisahospitalattheendtheroad.Pleaselookatthenotesthetext.Sheaskedme“What'shomeworktoday?It'sverykindyoutocomehere.It'squitegoodyoutogoonmorningswimming.Itseemsimpossiblemetofinishsuchajobwithouthelp.Whichisthewaythepostoffice?第六節(jié)連詞含義:連詞是一種虛詞,它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞,短語與短語及句子與句子的作用。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類:種類功能連詞并列連詞連接平行的詞、And,but,or,aswellas,both...and,notonly...butalso,either...or,neither.nor.等。詞組及句子。從屬連詞引導(dǎo)從句That,if,whether,when,after,assoonas,since,nowthat,sothat等。面是關(guān)于從屬連詞的種類說明:引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞:as,when,whenever,while,before,after,till,until,assoonas...Example:Thedaysgetlongerwhenspringcomes.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞:if,unless(除非),as/soIongas,incase(萬一)…Example:Pleasetellmeifheisathome.Weshallgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.注意:條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí);用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)。Example:Ifyouleaveat6o'clocktomorrowmorning,you'dbettergettobednow.Youcannotleaveuntilyouhavefinishedyourhomework.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞:that,sothat,inorderthat,lest=forfearthat(唯恐,以免),…Example:IshallwritedownyourphonenumberthatImaynotforget.Wewilltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudge(判斷)foryourself.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞:sothat,so.that,such...that,…注意so.that和such.that的區(qū)別:Example:Itissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswanttotreadit.(such是形容詞,后接名詞)。=Itissointerestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.(so是副詞,后接形容詞或副詞)。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞:because,as,since,nowthat,...Example:IdonotwanttogobecauseIamtiredofanyparty.(betiredof厭煩)Ashedidn'tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.注意:①英語中because和so兩者不能并用,二者只可用其一。because,for,since和as作為連詞,都有"因?yàn)?的意思,都可以用來作為一個(gè)動(dòng)作或情況提供原因或理由,但它們從用法上是有區(qū)別的:Because是從屬連詞,接表示直接原因的從句,往往放在句末(有時(shí)也放在句首,直接明白地說明因果關(guān)系。因此,在回答why的提問時(shí)或原句的just,only,not.butall等副詞強(qiáng)調(diào)原因時(shí)必須用because.For是并列連詞,接表示間接原因的并列分句,所說的理由是一種補(bǔ)充。說明For引導(dǎo)的句子一般放在句尾。as和since是從屬連詞,說明的是已為人們所知的理由。Sinee的語氣比Because弱,但比as強(qiáng)。as和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞:though,although(雖然),evenif(即使),eventhough(即使),while,whether...or,however,nomatterhow/what/who,...Example:Iwillnottrustyoualthoughyouhavetoldmethetruth.Wewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworkedallday.注意:"雖然……但是”是中文中常用的結(jié)構(gòu),但在英文中"雖然(though,although)”"但是(but)”兩者不能并用,二者只可用其一。引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞:as,justas(正象),asif(好象),asthough(好象…似的),theway(方式,Example:IwasneverallowedtodothingsthewayIwantedtodothem他們從不讓我按自己的意愿行事。Shelooksasifsheisill.看上去她好像是生病了。引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞:where,wherever,…Example:Wherethereiswaterthereislife.哪里有水,哪里就有生命。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。弓I導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞:as...as...,notas/so...as,thesame...as,such...as,...Example:Maryisasoldasmysister.Mary和我姐姐一樣大。并列連詞的種類:1.并列連詞and和or:Example:Weweresinginganddancingallevening.表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞:but,yet:Example:IwouldliketocomebutIamsobusy.表示因果關(guān)系的連詞:for,so,therefore:Itrained,thereforethegamewascancelled.一、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Ourhouseissmall,it'squitewarmandclean.A.andB.soC.orD.but()2.Hedidn'tgotoschool,hewasill.A.forB.butC.andD.so()3.Thatwasourfirstlesson,shedidn'tknowallournames.A.forB.butC.soD.or()4.Workhard,you'llcatchupwithothers.A.orB.andC.butD.because()5.Mygrandfathercouldreadwritebecausehewastoopoortogotoschoolintheolddays.either.orB.neither.norC.both.andD.notonly.butalso()6.Johntoldtheshopkeeperthattheshoesweretoobigtoosmall.Sohecouldn'tbuythem.A.neither;orB.either;norC.not;notD.either;or()7.Youshouldhelpeachotherlearnfromeachother.neither...norB.notonly...butalsoC.either...orD.both...and()8.I'llgivethenotetohershecomesback.A.untilB.assoonasC.beforeD.since()9.youeatbadfood,youmaybeill.A.BeforeB.WhyC.IfD.Which()10.I'mbusygettingreadyforChristmasIhavenotimetowritetoyou.A.not;untilB.too;toC.so;thatD.neither;nor()11.HeknewnothingaboutthematterMarytoldhimyesterday.A.becauseB.ifC.untilD.since()12.Mr.ReadhastaughtinthatsmalltownheleftCanadain1988.A.whenB.afterC.forD.since()13.Heislisteningtothemusicheiswashingclothes.A.afterB.beforeC.thatD.while()14.WhydidLiPingborrowherapencil?hispenwasbroken.A.BecauseB.WhenC.UntilD.If()15.CanyoutellmetheRedStarHospitalis?A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how()16.Alicewantstoknowhergrandmalikedthepresent.A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what()17.Idon'tknowJanewaslateforclassthismorning.A.whoB.whatC.whomD.why()18.Mr.GreenaskedmeIwasgoingtospeakatthemeetingandIsaid“Yes”.A.howB.whenC.whetherD.why()19.MymotherwascookingIcamein.A.whenB.whatC.whyD.where()20.Isthataboyswimminginthelake?Ican'tfindoutit'saboyagirl.A.if;andB.that;andC.whether;orD.either;or第七節(jié)形容詞和副詞1.形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。形容詞用以修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特征,在句中可以做定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。副詞用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞或全句,在句中可以作狀語。2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成。★單音節(jié)的在詞尾加-er和-est?!镫p音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞,在詞前加more和most?!锊灰?guī)則及不雙寫字母。Little,well等常用形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式是不規(guī)則的,需要重點(diǎn)記。New,slow,few等詞不雙寫w,因ow和ew是"字母組合音節(jié)”,而不是"閉音節(jié)”。如果一個(gè)單詞是重讀閉音節(jié),但詞末是兩輔音字母,也不雙寫最后字母,而直接加-er和-est。Good/well—better—best,bad/badly—worse—worst,many/much—more—most,little—less—least,far—farther/further—farthest/furthest,old—older/elder—oldest/eldestlate—later/latter—latest/last.3.形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞Anybody,anyone,anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,none,nothing時(shí),應(yīng)放在復(fù)合不定代詞之后。Example:SuddenlyLilycameinandsaidhehadsomethingimportanttotelltheclass.Enough放在后面。形容詞作定語時(shí),一般要放在修飾的名詞前;但enough作副詞時(shí),它必須放在它所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。Example:Iwasnotcarefulenoughwiththeknife.Icutmyself.原級(jí)。Very,quite,enough后接原級(jí),as+原級(jí)+as(和…一樣);notso/as原級(jí)+as(不如…)句型也用原級(jí)。Example:YoushouldstudyashardasTom.^兩者比較用比較級(jí)。Than,or(連接兩個(gè))表示“較…一些”等兩者之間的比較用比較級(jí)形式?!锶呋蛉咭陨嫌米罡呒?jí)。表示在…中最…”用最高級(jí)形式。常與in,of,among,or(連接三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上)短語連用。"thesecond/thirdbiggest..."也用最高級(jí)。降級(jí)less/theleast+原級(jí)。降級(jí)比較時(shí),無論是單音節(jié)詞還是雙音節(jié)詞、多音節(jié)詞,無論是規(guī)則詞還是雙音節(jié)不規(guī)則詞,一律用"less+原級(jí)+than從句”表示"不如...”,用"theleast+原級(jí)+in/of/among”等短語表示“最不…”。8在比較級(jí)前邊,可以使用一個(gè)副詞或短語來表示程度。如:alittle,abit,alot,far,much,even,still,fouryears等。Example:Nowtheairinourhometownismuchworsethanitwasbefore.9.句型"比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”或者“moreandmore+比較級(jí)”,表示越來越…,說明本身程度的改變。10.句型“the+比較級(jí)…the+比較級(jí)…”表示“越…越…,說明隨著前面條件的變化而變化。Example:Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.一、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Thiskindofshirtlooksandsells.A.nice;wellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.good;nice()2.Canyouunderstandme?Sorry,Icanunderstandyou.A.hardlyB.almostC.nearlyD.ever()3.Whichonedoyoulike,thisoneorthatone?A.wellB.goodC.bestD.better()4.Thisradioisofthethree.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest
()5.ThisisthethirdcityinEngland.A.largestB.largerC.largeD.thelarge()6.Shedoesn'tfell,thoughsheis.A.alone;lonelyB.lonely;lonesomeC.lonely;aloneD.alone;lone()7.Itwasreallyawonderthat()7.ItwasreallyawonderthatA.so;suchB.so;solittlefoodsavedmanylives.C.such;soD.such;such()8.Whostudiesinyourclass?A.hardestB.harderC.hardD.theharderA.hardestB.harderC.hardD.theharder()9.Shedidn'tfeellastnight,butshe'snow.A.good;muchwellB.well;muchwellC.good;morewellD.well;muchbetter()10.Hissistercandrawanartist(藝術(shù)家).A.aswellasB.notsowellasC.asbetterasD.asgoodas()11.Shewalkedsothatshemissedthelastbus.A.fastB.quietC.fasterD.slowly()12.Wehaveneverseenfilmbefore.A.soagoodB.asogoodC.suchagoodD.asuchgood()13.Iwillgiveyousomebooks.Good.The,theA.more;betterB.much;betterC.most;bestD.many;good()14.Chinaisoneofintheworld.A.theoldestcountryB.theoldestcountriesC.mucholdercountryD.mucholdercountries()15.Hemadethemistakesintheexam.A.lessB.leastC.fewD.fewest()16.Hedrivesthanhedidtwoyearsago.A.muchcarefulB.verymorecarefullyC.morecarefulD.muchmorecarefully()17.It'sgetting.A.darkanddarkB.moreandmoredarkC.darkeranddarkerD.moredarkandmoredark()18.TomistallerthanMike,butheisnotMike.A.strongasB.sostrongasC.sostrongD.asstrong()19.willtherainyseasonlast?A.HowlongB.HowfarC.HowoftenD.Howmany()20.Hewasn'twithhisknife.Hecuthimself.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.carefullyenoughD.enoughcarefully第八節(jié)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,認(rèn)為“可能、應(yīng)當(dāng)、必要”等。但本身詞義不完整,不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞,必須和不帶to的不定式即動(dòng)詞原形連用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用的情太動(dòng)詞有:can,could,may,might,must,shall,should,will,would,need。部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過去式,但也有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去式,如must.can—could,may—might,shall—should,will—would,haveto—hadto?can和could用法:表示“能力、許可、可能性”等。在口語中can可以代替may表示“許可”,而may比較正式,could可以代替can,表示較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。Example:Can/CouldIgonow.(表許可)Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldn'ttenyearsago.(表能力)Ithoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.(表可能)注:can和beableto都可以表示能力,意思上沒有區(qū)別,但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could),而beableto則有更多的形式。May和Might用法:表示許可或征詢對(duì)方許可,有能性"可以"的意思。它的否定形式是maynot.譯為不可以。但"禁止、阻止"等意思時(shí)常用mustnot(mustn't)代替maynot。表示可能性,有“或許,可能”的意思,May和Might加動(dòng)詞原形,都可表示可能性,而Might則語氣更加不肯定。Example:Theymay/mightbefromCanada.Must和Haveto用法:表示“必須,應(yīng)該”。否定形式mustn't表示”不應(yīng)該、不許可、不準(zhǔn)、禁止等。在回答Must的問句時(shí),否定式常用needn't或don'thaveto表示不必,而不用mustn't。因?yàn)閙ustn't表示“不可以“。表示“一定、必須”等推測(cè)意義,一般只用在肯定句中。Example:Theremustbesomethingwrong.(表推測(cè))而haveto表示“必須,不得不”。在這個(gè)意義上與must很接近,但must表示說話人的主觀看法,而haveto卻表示客觀需要。Example:Everystudentwillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputer.Shall和Should用法:在疑問句中,Shall用來征詢對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求指示,用于第一、三人稱。Should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示“勸告、建議”常譯為“應(yīng)該”。Example:Youshouldkeepyourpromise.Will和would用法:Will表示意志,意愿可用于多種人稱。Will在疑問句中用于第二人稱時(shí),表示詢問對(duì)方的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆?。Would是will的過去式,用法一樣,但語氣上比will婉轉(zhuǎn)。Example:Iwilltellyouaboutthis.IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest.一、用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空。weplayfootballnow?Goodidea!NeedIbeginwithLessonOne?Yes,you.We(not)walkonthegrass.I'msurethatsweaterbemine.No,itbeyours.Jimlefthisbookathome.Heborrowonefromhisclassmate.Johnbeathomebecausehehasjustphonedmefromanearbytown.youlendmeyourbike?Yes,ofcourse.Hereyouare.Idoitnow?No,you.Youmaydoitnextweek.Thereissomepaperforyou.Youbuyany.CouldIborrowyourpen?Yes,you.Ihaveyourname,please?Hesaidhegetupearlierthenextmorning.ThebookbereturnedbeforeSunday.Motherisill.Shestayathomeandlooksafterher.NowDavidspeakalittleChinese,buthespeakJapanese.第九節(jié)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般說來,英語中有十六種時(shí)態(tài),先可大致分為:現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來四大類,而這四大類每類又可分為:一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行四種,共十六種時(shí)態(tài)。一、動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式。動(dòng)詞主要用來表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和性質(zhì),而動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)生有具體的時(shí)間和表現(xiàn)方式,這就是英語中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。英語中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)由動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示。英語動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式為:動(dòng)詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù),現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞和過去式。如:work—works一worked一worked。動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式變化表形式構(gòu)成例詞動(dòng)詞原形不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式形式,也就是詞典中的一般給出的形式be,havedo,learn第三人稱單數(shù)在動(dòng)詞原形后加-sruns,likes以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加-esteach----teacheswash----washesgo----goes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將y變i再加-esstudy----studiestry----tries
以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加-sstay----staysplay----plays續(xù)表現(xiàn)在分詞以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉e再加-inglive----livingwrite----writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,雙寫該輔音字母后再加-ingsit-sittingbegin-beginning少數(shù)幾個(gè)以ie結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞要變ie為y,再^口-ingdie-dyinglie-lyingtie-tying過去式和過去分詞)(規(guī)則變化)在動(dòng)詞原形后加-edwork-worked以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,先將y變?yōu)閕再加-edcarry-carriedstudy-studied以e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,直接加-dlive-lived以重讀閉音結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的,雙寫此輔音字
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