高中語法-數(shù)詞-連詞講義-高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

一、數(shù)詞&連詞數(shù)詞的分類：數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)目的多少。序數(shù)詞表示事物的先后順序，往往與定冠詞the連用。一：基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)0—12單獨(dú)記。如：zero,one,two,three等。(2)13—19的詞尾都是teen。如：fourteen特殊13—thirteen，15—fifteen，18—eighteen(3)20以上的整十的基數(shù)詞均以ty結(jié)尾。20—twenty，30—thirty，40—forty，50—fifty，80—eighty(4)＂幾十幾＂要加連字符號＂-＂。48—forty-eight,97—ninety-seven(5)＂幾百幾十＂或者＂幾百幾十幾＂在＂百＂后加and。156—onehundredandfifty-six(6)四位數(shù)或者四位數(shù)以上的基數(shù)詞的拼寫規(guī)律：用逗號從右往左每三位加一個(gè)逗號，第一個(gè)逗號讀作thousand(千)，第二個(gè)逗號讀作million(百萬)，第三個(gè)逗號讀作billion(十億)，hundred后莫忘＂and＂。94,295＝ninety-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-five；二：序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成first1stsecond2ndthird3rdfourth4thfifth5thsixth6thseventh7theighth8thninth9thtenth10theleventh11thtwelfth12ththirteenth13thfourteenth14thfifteenth15thsixteenth16thseventeenth17theighteenth18thnineteenth19thtwentieth20thtwenty-first21sttwenty-second22ndthirtieth0thfortieth40thfiftieth50thsixtieth60thseventieth70theightieth80thninetieth90thhundredth100thonehundredandfirst101st(1)＂第一＂、＂第二＂、＂第三＂分別是first,second,third。(2)＂第四＂到＂第十九＂除了fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth是特殊的拼寫外，其余的都在相應(yīng)基數(shù)詞后面加＂th＂構(gòu)成。(3)20以上的整十的序數(shù)詞由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞變y為i，再加＂-eth＂。(4)第一百hundredth;第一千thousandth;第一百萬millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞時(shí)，只變化個(gè)位數(shù)。如：twenty-one→twenty-first。運(yùn)用：序數(shù)詞前一般加the,以下情況例外表示又一、再一:Iwilltryasecondtime.固定短語：atfirstwin/getfirstplace等月、日表達(dá)中并列使用時(shí)：thetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies常見用法1、短語：hundredsof數(shù)百thousandsof數(shù)千millionsof數(shù)百萬2、表示分?jǐn)?shù)：分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母構(gòu)成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情況外，序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)。?1/3onethird7/9sevenninths【注意】一些特殊的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法：?a/onehalf二分之a(chǎn)quarter=onefourth四分之一threequarters=threefourths四分之三表示小數(shù)：小數(shù)點(diǎn)前按照基數(shù)詞讀出，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后將數(shù)字一一讀出。67.32sixty-sevenpointthreetwo表示百分?jǐn)?shù)：%讀作percent沒有復(fù)數(shù)50%fiftypercent表示時(shí)間：年份一般用數(shù)字寫出，月份用單詞，日期用序數(shù)詞，書寫時(shí)序數(shù)詞前的the和詞尾（-th等）可省略，但是讀時(shí)要讀出。May25(th),2008表示年齡或者年代：在...歲Attheageof+基數(shù)詞atage+基數(shù)詞at+基數(shù)詞在某人幾十多歲時(shí)inone’s+基數(shù)詞整十?dāng)?shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式inhisthirties在20世紀(jì)90年代inthe1990’s/1990s5、表示時(shí)刻：小于30分鐘，借助past，大于30分鐘，借助to8:21twenty-onepasteighteighttwenty-one8:56fourtonineeightfifty-six6、表示倍數(shù)倍數(shù)+as...asShehastwiceasmanystampsasme倍數(shù)+thesize/height/weight/depth/width/lengthThiscityisthreetimesthesizeofthatcity7、常用句式The+序數(shù)詞+todosthJameswasthefirsttoarrive.與最高級連用，表示第幾長、寬、高等GuangzhouisthethirdlargestcityinChina表達(dá)第幾次做某事It’sthe+序數(shù)詞time+that...It’sthefirsttimethathehadbeentoBeijing.四、連詞的定義：在句子中起連接作用，可以使詞、短語或句子連接起來形成一定關(guān)系的詞。并列名詞1、表示并列關(guān)系：and：和，并且（除了表示并列關(guān)系外，還表示結(jié)果、反復(fù)、順承等）LilyandIleftearly.并列Hewenttothemarketandboughtsomemeat.順承Bemorecarefulandyouwillmakefewermistakes.結(jié)果Hetalkedandtalkedandtalkeduntillateintothenight.反復(fù)notonly...butalso...:不但......而且....謂語動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，連接部分一般是對稱的。強(qiáng)調(diào)后面部分。（aswellas相同的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)前面部分，謂語根據(jù)前面部分而定）NotonlyhebutalsoIamgoingtolibraryeveryweek.neither...nor....既不...也不....謂語動(dòng)詞采用就近原則Neitherhisparentsnorhelikesthistour.Not...but不是....而是.....Johnisnotherfatherbutheruncle.Both...and....兩者都表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：連詞用法例句but但是，表示意義遞進(jìn)的轉(zhuǎn)折或前后兩個(gè)事實(shí)相反Hismotherwon’tbethere,buthisfathermight.while但是，然而，一般連接內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)對稱的句子，側(cè)重情況對比IlikeEnglishwhilehelikesmath.yet可是；然而，經(jīng)常和and連用Ifailedagain,andyetInevergiveup.3、表示選擇關(guān)系：Or:或者；否則either…or...或者…或者…謂語動(dòng)詞采用就近原則EitherAliceorherfathercooksmeals.4、表示原因關(guān)系For:前面常用逗號和前一分句隔開，表示一種補(bǔ)充說明或?yàn)榍懊娴膬?nèi)容提供推斷的理由Theleavesarefalling,forit’salreadyautumn.從屬連詞：主要用于引導(dǎo)狀語從句，比如though、because、asif等，將在從句專題講解。語法填空：數(shù)詞主要考察序數(shù)詞的用法，掌握對應(yīng)序數(shù)詞的變化形式以及常用情況。連詞主要考察：如果有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞、短語、分句并列，最后兩個(gè)之間沒有連詞，根據(jù)前后的邏輯關(guān)系選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)詞&連詞單項(xiàng)選擇。1.______________ofthestudentsinourclasshavelunchatschool.A.Twofifth B.ThreesfifthsC.Onethirds D.Threequarters2.Mother’sDayisonthe______________SundayinMayeveryyear.A.two B.second C.six D.sixth3.NotonlyIbutalsoJack______________tiredoftheexaminations.A.is B.are C.am D.be4.Thereare__________floorsinToby’shouse.Andhisroomisonthe__________floor.A.three;two B.third;second C.third;two D.three;second5.Jimfailedtwice,buthewantedtohave__________try.A.asecond B.athird C.thesecond D.thethird6.__________visitorscametotakephotosofHongyadongduringthevacation.A.Thousand B.Thousandof C.Thousands D.Thousandsof7.Inthefuturepeoplewilllivelongerandmoreandmorepeoplewillcelebratetheir__________birthdays.A.onehundred B.hundred C.hundredsof D.hundredth8.IlikelisteningtoEnglishsongsbecauseitcan__________makemerelaxed__________improvemyspokenEnglish.A.neither；nor B.either；orC.notonly；butalso D.not；but9.Onno-carday,__________students__________teachersareallowedtodrivetoschool.A.either；or B.notonly；butalsoC.neither；nor D.both；and10.—Wouldyouliketea__________Juice?—Tea,please.A.and B.or C.but D.so11.Thisdressisnice,__________itdoesn’tlookgoodonme.A.for B.so C.but D.or12.Emily,youareplayingvideogamesagain!Studyhard,__________youwillfailinthecomingexam.A.then B.so C.and D.or13.—What’sthesecretofsuccess,Dr.Know?—Moretimeandeffort,__________you’llmakeitsomeday.A.yet B.or C.and D.but14.—TellussomethingaboutCanada,OK?—I’msorry.__________Jack__________Ihaveeverbeenthere.A.Either;or B.Notonly;butalso C.Both;and D.Neither;nor15.Hegaveherdaughteradictionaryasabirthdaypresent__________shewaslearningEnglish.A.when B.after C.because D.until填上正確的詞。However,intheurbandistrictofBeijinghousesalonghutongsstilloccupyone________（three）ofthetotalarea,providinghousingforhalfofthepopulation.TheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebratedonthe15thdayofthe________(eight)monthoftheChineselunarcalendar.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,_______becauseIwantto.InmuchofAsia,especiallyChina,Japan,______Korea,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Itcangiveyoubenefitsforbothyourbrain_______yourbody.Hesaid:Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,neithertoomuch____toolittle.Shestudiedhard,____shecouldn’tunderstandthehomework.Makeupyourmind,____youwillgetthechance.Wewerewarned