講義.等多個(gè)文件-英語專八閱讀精講

英語專業(yè)八級(jí)閱略讀(skim Itisfrequentlyassumed/thatmechanizationofworkhasrevolutionaryeffectsonthelivesofpeoplewhooperatenewmachines/andonthesocietyintowhichthemachinesareintroduced.Richard,KingofEnglandfrom1189to1199,withallhischaracteristicvirtuesandfaultscastinaheroicmould,isoneofthemostfascinatingmedievalfigures.HehasbeendescribedasthecreatureandembodimentoftheageofAsearlyaselementaryschool,wearetoldthatjumthelineisanunethicalact,whichiswhysomanyU.S.lawmakersframedtheimmigrationdebateasakindoffundamentalsinofschoollunchline.（2010年TEXTB）Theotherproblemthatarisesfromtheemploymentisthatoftheworkingwife.Ithastwoaspects:thatofthewifewhoismoreofasuccessthanherhusbandandthatofthewifewhomustrelyheavilyonherhusbandforhelpwithdomestictasks.Whatdoesthisthingthatpeoplecannotescapeconsistofthesedays?Andwhatdopeoplelookatwhendecodingwhichclasssomeonebelongsto?Themostusefulidentifyingmarkers,accordingtothepoll,areoccupation,address,accentand e,inthatorder.Thefactthat ecomesfourthisrevealingthoughsomeofthehabitsandattitudesthatclassusedtodefinearemorewidelyspreadthantheywere,classstillindicatessomethinglessbluntthanmerewealth.(2011年TEXTC)注意事項(xiàng)1：定語從句特征1：名詞that句子，名詞在后面的句子中有成分（主語：名詞who句子；名詞which句子；名詞that句子；名詞，which/who…賓語：時(shí)間：atwhich/inwhich/when）phenomenon,idea,thought,ideology,theory,remark,statement,comment,Firstthe lersformwhatlookslikeagiganticrugby變形：Floodisn’twhatanybodycanfool變形：Ithasbeenaconcernamongthegeneralpublicwhethercorruptionshouldbehalted.existsaworld.Andwherethereisaworld,thereliesloveandhatred.)變形：How形容詞/副詞+主謂賓/主系表：Myprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyafolksongpassesfromashepherdtoanotherandalsoillustratedhowdivergenttheirsingingstylesseemtobe.實(shí)際上：ActuallyInfactAsamatteroffactIndeedRather和“、不幸、諷刺、”：Astonishingly,Surprisingly,Shockingly,Stunningly,Startlingly,Unfortuna y,Satirically,Ironically,Paradoxically that…But…/TypicallyHistoricallyConventionally開門見山文章段落歸納練習(xí)（2007年TEXTGettingtotheheartofKuwaitidemocracyseemshilariouslyeasy.Armedonlywithadog-earedNEWSWEEKID,IambledthroughthegatesoftheNationalAssemblylastweekUnscanned,unsearchedmysatchel（背包）couldeasilyhaveheldtheoddgrenade（奇形怪狀的）orananthrax-stuffedlunchbox.（裝滿炭疽的飯盒）Theonlywhostoppedmewasaguardwhogrinnedandinvitedmetotakeaswigoforangejuicefromhisplasticbottle.WereIaKuwaitiwomanwieldingaballot,Iwouldhavebeenaclearerandmorepresentdanger.ThatverydayParliamentblockedabillgivingwomenthevote;29M.P.svotedinfavorand29against,withtwoabstentions.Unabletodecidewhetherthebillhadpassedornot,theernmentscheduledanothervoteintwoweeks-toolateforwomentoregisterforJune’smunicipalelections.Thenextsuchelectionsaren’tuntil16)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupofthepeoplemightbeviewedasbeingdangerousbytheguards? foreign foreign memberoftheNational拋磚引玉結(jié)構(gòu)歸納練習(xí)（2006TEXTThetownhadchanged,butthenithadn’t.Onthehighwaysleadingin,thecheapmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlyaspossiblenexttotheroadsforumvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprovalsandpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash（猛砍）-and-buildclutter（吵鬧）thatgotuglierbytheButintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatall.ThelongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenRayroamedthemonhisbike.Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Onlyafewwerebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownlittlewasdoneonSundaysexceptgotochurchsitonporchesvisitneighbors,restandrelaxthewayGodintended.（如果一句是一段，那查不查都一樣）問題17WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoesNOTdescribeA:lifelessB:religiousD:quietItisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofwork-hasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbyngso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe"social,legal,andeconomicsubordination"ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof"opublicindustry."Observersthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization'seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen'slives.Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriter,andthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen'seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen'swork.3．現(xiàn)象解釋式段落歸納練習(xí)（2009年TEXTLastmonththefirstbaby-boomers(提問點(diǎn))turned60Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964isheadingtowardsretirement.Theloomingfromthelaborforce.16.Accordingtothepassage,themostseriousconsequence（改寫點(diǎn)）ofbaby-boomersapproachingretirementwouldbealossofknowledgeandexperiencetomanyadecreaseinthenumberof35-to44-year-acontinuousincreaseinthenumberof50-to64-year-itsimpactonthedevelopedworldwhoseworkforceis段落歸納練習(xí)（4）問題回答（2007年TEXTTraditionalistsandtriballeadersareopposed.Liberalsfret,too,thatIslamistswilllettheirmultiplewivesvote,swellingconservativeranks.“WhenIcametoParliamenttoday,peoplewhovotedyesdidn’tevenshakehandswithme,”saidoneShiaclerc.“Whycan’twerespecteachotherandworkWhynotindeed?ByGulfstandards,Kuwaitisademocraticsuperstar.ItsboastaParliamentthatcanactuallypasslaws.UnliketheirSaudisisters,Kuwaitiwomendrive,workandtravelfreely.Theyrunmultibillion-dollarbusinessesandserveasambassadors.Theiracademicsuccessissuchthatcollegeshaveactuallyloweredthegradesrequiredformakestudentstogetintomedicalandengineeringcourses.Eventhen,70percentofuniversitystudentsarefemales.InKuwait,theWesternobsessionwiththehigabfindsitsequivalent.AtafancypartyforNEWSWEEK’sArabicedition,someKuwaitiwomenworethem.Othersoptedfortight,spangled,sheerlittlenumbersinpeacockblueorparrotorange.Fortheparty’sentertainment,NancyAjram,theArabworld’sanswertoBritneySpears,sangpassionatesongsofloveinawhitemini-dress.Shecouldn’tdanceforus,alas,sinceshakingone’sbodyonstageisillegalinKuwait.Thatdidn’tstopwholetablesofmenfromraisingtheircamera-enabledmobilephonesandclickingherpicture.You’dthinknotbeingabletovoteordanceinpublicwouldangerKuwait’syoungergenerationofwomen.Tofindout,Iheadedtothemalls-Kuwait’sarchipelagoofcivicfreedom.EagertoduckWhatistheroleofthe4thand5thparagraphsinthedevelopmentoftheToshowhowKuwaitiwomenenjoyTodescribehowwomenworkandstudyinTooffersupportingevidencetotheprecedingToprovideacontrasttothepreceding招法1：定位模糊例題：2011TEXTDThedescriptionofthecouple’sclothesandbehavioratthebeginningofpassageseemstoindicatethattheyhadasenseofA:secrecyB:C:D:ThetrainwaswhirlingonwardwithsuchdignityofmotionthataglancefromthewindowseemedsimplytoprovethatplainsofTexaswerepouringeastward.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,littlegroupsofframehouses,woodsoflightandtendertrees,allweresweeintotheeast,sweeoverthehorizon,aprecipice.AnewlymarriedpairhadboardedthiscoachatSanAntonio.Theman'sfacewasreddenedfrommanydaysinthewindandsun,andadirectresultofhisnewblackclotheswasthathisbrick-coloredhandswereconstantlyperforminginamostconsciousfashion.Fromtimetotimehelookeddownrespectfullyathisattire.Hesatwithahandoneachknee,likeamanwaitinginabarber'sshop.TheglanceshedevotedtootherpassengerswerefurtiveandThebridewasnotpretty,norwassheveryyoung.Sheworeadressofbluecashmere,withsmallreservationsofvelvethereandthere,andwithsteelbuttonsabounding.Shecontinuallytwistedherheadtoregardherpuffsleeves,verystiff,andhigh.Theyembarrassedher.Itwasquiteapparentthatshehadcooked,andthatsheexpectedtocook,dutifully.Theblushescausedbythecarelessscrutinyofsomepassengersasshehadenteredthecarwerestrangetoseeuponthisplain,under-classcountenance,whichwasdrawninplacid,almostemotionlesslines.Theywereevidentlyveryhappy."Everbeeninaparlor-carbefore?"heasked,smilingwithdelight.WhatfunctiondoesthesecondsentenceinthefirstparagraphItfurtherexplainshigh-techItconfirmstheeffectofhigh-techItoffersacauseforhigh-techItoffersacontrasttohigh-techForofficeinnovators,theunrealizeddreamofthe"paperless"officeisaclassicexampleofhigh-techhubrisToday'sofficedroneisdrowninginmorepaperthaneverbefore.Butafterdecadesofhype,Americanofficesmayfinallybelosingtheirpaperobsession.ThedemandforpaperusedtooutstripthegrowthoftheUSeconomy,butthepasttwoorthreeyearshaveseenamarkedslowdowninsales—despiteahealthyeconomicscene.3：實(shí)詞和代詞交錯(cuò)，擴(kuò)大尋找范圍(2010年TEXTAccordingtothepassage,mostIcelandersviewlandassomethingpotentialvalueforgreatvalueforNowelsewhereintheworld,Icelandmaybespokenof,somewhatbreathlessly,aswesternEurope’slastpristinewilderness.ButtheenvironmentalawarenessthatissweetheworldhadbypassedthemajorityofIcelanders.Certainlytheywereconnectedtotheirland,thewayoneabout.Butthetruthis,onceyou’reoffthebeat-enpathsofthelow-lyingcoastalareaswhereeveryonelives,theroadsarefew,andthey’reallbad,soinhabitants.Forthemthelandhasalwaysjustbeenthere,somethingthathadtobedealtwithand,ifpossible,exploited—themind-setbeingoneoflandascommodityratherthanlandas,well,pricelessartonthescaleofthe“Mona練習(xí)：2006TEXTEverystreethadastory,everybuildingamemory.Thoseblessedwonderfulchildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappilybacktheyears.Therestarepulledhomebydutyandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRayAtleehadbeeninClanton(hishometown)forfifteenminuteshewasanxioustogetFromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthatA:Raycherishedhischildhoodmemories.B:Rayhadsomethingurgenttotakecareof.C:Raymaynothaveahappychildhood.D:RaycannotrememberhischildhoodThetownhadchanged,butthenithadn't.Onthehighwaysleadingin,thecheapmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlyaspossiblenexttotheroadsfor umvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermitnoinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners.nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprovalsandpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbytheyear.Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatallThelongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenKayroamedthemonhisbike.Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Onlyafewwerebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatrestandrelaxthewayGodintended.Itwascloudy,quitecoolforMay,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntiltheappointedhourforthefamilymeeting,hetriedtodwellonthegoodmemoriesfromClanton.TherewasDizzyDeanParkwherehehadplayedlittleLeagueforthePirates,and(herewasthepublicpoolhe'dswumineverysummerexcept1969whenthecitycloseditratherthanadmitblackchildren.Therewerethechurches-Baptist,Methodist,andPresbyterian-facingeachotherattheintersectionofSecondandElmlikewarysentries,theirsteeplescompetingforheight.Theywereemptynow,hutinanhourorsothemorefaithfulwouldgatherforeveningservices.Thesquarewasaslifelessasthestreetsleadingtoit.Witheightthousandpeople,Clantonwasjustlargeenoughtohaveattractedthediscountstoresthathadwipedoutsomanysmalltowns.Butherethepeoplehadbeenfaithfultotheirdowntownmerchants,andtherewasn’tssingleemptyorboarded-upbuildingaroundthesquare–nosmallmiracle.Theretailshopsweremixedinwiththebanksandlawofficesandcafes,allclosedfortheSabbath.HeinchedthroughthecemeteryandsurveyedtheAtleesectionintheoldpart,wherethetombstonesweregrander.Someofhisancestorshadbuiltmonumentsfortheirdead.Rayhadalwaysassumedthatthefamilymoneyhe’dneverseenmusthavebeenburiedinthosegraves.HeparkedandwalkedtotheAtlees,atthefaredgeofthefamilyplotbecauseshehadbarelybelonged.Soon,inlessthananhour,hewouldbesittinginhisfather’sstudy,sipbadinstantteaandreceivinginstructionsonexactlyhowhisfatherwouldbelaidtorest.Manyorderswereabouttobegive,manydecreesanddirections,becausehisfather(whousedtobeajudge)wasagreatmanandcareddeeplyabouthowhewastoberemembered.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoesNOTdescribeRay’shometown?A:Lifeless.B:Religious.D:Quiet.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweenRayandhisparentswasA:close.C:tense.D:impossible ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatRay’sfatherwasallEXCEPTA:considerate.C:thrifty.D:notsomuchAasBaanythingbut和nothingAisnoneotherthanB/nothingmoretheupgradingof例子：Thesocialgrowthistheupgradingof

assparklingsparklingmindsofthoseinventorsand例子：Thesocialgrowthislessmoretheupgradingoftheseinstrumentsthanthesparklingmindsofthoseinventorsandresearchers.Asamatteroffacteachadvanceinsociallevelsisanythingnothingbutcertainprogressintoolsandinstruments.句子：Thecomputersatourschoolaremoreadvancedthanthoseatyourschool.句子：Humanbeingsareconsumingwaterfasterthan

runoutthanakindofcommongardensnail.句子：ButDescartesandHobbesdidn’tthinkofthemselvesasthoseduringtheIndustrialRevolutionhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofworkandincreaseofleisuretimethanitdidwithchangingroleofthesewomenandwiththeirrisingmarriageratesthatdramaticallyreducedtheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previouslyinmanycases,theonlywomentheemployerswouldhire.句子：NosoonerhadIdonethanINosoonerhadIenteredthantheephone句子：HardlyhadIdonewhenIdid.(HardlyhadIenteredwhentheephonerang.)owingto;duetothanksAsaresultoutforthesakeof/Bymeansof/ByvirtueascribeAtoB；attributeto(名詞beattributedtoAcanbeascribedtoB(AcanbeattributedtocontributeAtoBAcontributetooweAto例句：ThescarcityofdeerinTexascanbeascribedtotheemergenceofsomeinsectscalledthespiralflies.（之所以…是因?yàn)椤├洌篠omehistoriansinvestigatingtheJapanesehistorytendtoascribethedeclineofseveralwarlordstothecollapseoftheireconomicsystemsThesescholarsevenlinkthedownfallwithsomedetailedfactorsrangingfromsoaringhousingpricestoinflation.(Whatcanbeinferredfromthissentence:InflationmightberelatedtothebankruptcyofsomeJapanesewarlords.)例句：Carscontributeenormouslytoair例句：oweone’ssuccessto2007年TEXTLittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservice,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures.20“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservicemeansthattheEnglishpeopleA:paidfewtaxestohimB:gavehimlittleC:receivedlittleprotectionfromD:hadnorealcausetogratefulto例句：Thisconceptionofdeserved-punishment（罪有應(yīng)得）justiceisreflectedinisillustratedwhenwedemandthedeathpenaltyfora whohascommittedmurder.ThisphilosophyofpunishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegel,whobelievedthatsocietyowedittothecriminaltoputintooperationapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.這種罪有應(yīng)得的司法概念反映在當(dāng)?shù)聡?guó)思想家的支持，他相信，社會(huì)將這種理念用于一個(gè)待生效的罪犯，其懲罰等用介詞判斷：AoriginatefromB/AcanbetracedbacktoB/AarisefromB/AresultinB/AresultfromB主系表判斷：beresponsiblefor/AistoblameforB（Severalmedicalstudiesshowthattoomuchcigarettesmokingcanberesponsibleforvariouskindsofchronicdiseasesrangingfromhypertensiontolunchcancer.）havesomethingtodobelinkedbeassociated例句：ManyhistorianstendtoascribethebankruptcyofsomeJapanesewarlordstoseveralfactorsespeciallythedecliningeconomicsituationsduringthenineteenthcentury.Infact,thefalloftheselordscanbetracedbacktootherelementsrangingfrominflation.（inferInflationmightberelatedtothedecliningsituationofsomewarlords.）until:Ifsomethinghappensuntilaparticulartime,ithappensbeforethattimecomes,andstopsatthattime.（主謂賓at/on/in/during/until時(shí)間）IlefttheofficeatIdidn’tleavetheofficeuntilsixItwasnotuntilsixo’clockthatIlefttheNotuntilsixo’clockdidIleavethe例子：TheimportanceofInternethasbeenlargelyoverlookeduntilrecently.Spinoza,butitwasnotexplicitlyarticulateduntilthelateeighteenthcentury,byKant,anddidnot ebuiltintothestructureofacademicinstitutionsandthestandardself-descriptionsofphilosophyprofessorsuntilthelatenineteenthcentury.2before例句：Theorganizingcommitteediscussedfourandhalfhoursbeforeannouncingthatthedecisionwouldstand.unless:iffew/afew,little/aotherthan/insteadofng/ratherthan例句：Instead ngtheirpartinimprovingtheairqualityinmanycitizenssetofffireworksandfirecrackersduringtheChineseNewfailtodosomething/refusefreefrom/befarfrombeing/lessthan/beinshortwouldhavedone/wouldnothave注意否定詞的出現(xiàn)：no,would（not）have,too,few,little,hardly,seldom,barely,less,failto,refuseto,lack,ratherthan,insteadof,befarfrombeing….;beinshortof;dis-,im-,un,until,beforemight絕對(duì)化限定詞：all,just1）Whatisthecentral(main)ideaofthisWhatisthebesttopicofthisWhatisthispassagemainlyWhatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?2）解題方法練習(xí)：2005TEXT19.ThemainpurposeofthepassageisA:offeradviceonhowtopreventhipB:emphasizetheimportanceofhealthprecautionsC:discusstheseriousnessofhipfracturesD:identifythecausesofhipWhenformerRonaldReaganfellandbrokehishiptwoweeksago,hejoinedagroupofmorethan350,000elderlyAmericanswhofracturetheirhipseachyear.At89andsufferingfromadvancedAlzheimer'sdisease,Reaganisinoneofthehighest-riskgroupsforthistypeofaccident.Theincidenceofhipfracturesnotonlyincreasesafterage50butdoubleseveryfivetosixyearsastheriskoffallingincreases.Slipandtumblingarenottheonlycausesofhipfractures;weakenedbonessometimesbreakspontaneously.Butfallingisthemajorcause,representing90%ofallhipfractures.Theseinjuriesarenottobetakenlightly.AccordingtotheAmericanAcademyofOrthopedicSurgeons,only25%ofthosewhosufferhipfractureseverfullyrecover;asmanyas20%willdiewithin12months.Evenwhenpatientsdorecover,nearlyhalfwillneedacaneorawalkertogetaround.Whenitcomestohipfractures,themostdangerousplaceforelderlyAmericans,itturnsout,istheirhomes;nearly60%ofthesedangerousspillswilloccurinoraroundthepatient'sdomicile.Thisisn'tallbadnews,however,becauseafewmodificationscouldpreventalotofaccidents.Thefirstthingtodoistogetridofthosethrowrugsthatlinehallwaysandentrances.Theyoftenfoldoverorbunchup,turningthemintoboobytrapsforanyoneshufflingdownthehall.Enteringandleavingthehouseisaparticularlyhigh-riskactivity,whichiswhysomeexpertssuggestremovinganydoorsillshigherthan1/2in.ifthestepsarebarewood,youcanincreasetractionbyapplyingnon-sliptreads.Becausemanyseniorssufferfrompoorbalance(whetherfromneurologicaldeficitsorfromtheinner-earproblemsthatincreasenaturallywithaging),italsohelpstoinstallgrabbarsandhandrailsinbathroomsandalonghallways.Thebedroomisanothermajorhazardareathatcanbemademuchsaferwithafewadjustments.Avoidstainsheetsandcomforters,andoptfornon-slipmateriallikewoolorcotton.Easyaccesstodevicesisimportant,soplacealamp, ephoneandflashlightnearthebedwithinarm'sreach.Makesurethepathwaybetweenthebedroomandbathroomiscomple yclear,andinstallanight-lightalongtherouteforthoseemergencylate-nighttrips.It'sagoodideatorearrangethefurniturethroughoutthehouse,sothatthepathsbetweenroomsarefreeofobstructions.Also,makesure andappliancecordsaren'tstrungacrosscommonwalkways,wheretheycanbetrippedover.Inadditiontothesephysicalprecautions,therearethehealthprecautionseveryagingbodyshouldtake.Physicalandeyeexaminations,withspecialattentiontocardiacandblood-pressureproblems,shouldbeperformedannuallytoruleoutseriousmedicalconditions.Bloodpressurethat'stooloworanirregularheartbeatcanputyouatriskforfaintingandfalling.Don'tforgettotakecalciumandvitaminD,twocriticalfactorsindevelostrongbones.Finally,enrollinginanexerciseprogrammeatyourlocalgymcanimproveagility,strength,balanceandcoordination-allimportantskillsthatcankeepyouonyourfeetandoffthefloor.1）提問方法WhatisthetoneofthisWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowards中立：neutral（中立的）,positive（積極的）,negative（消極的）和客觀：objective（客觀的）,subjective（的）辯證：dialectical（辯證的）,rational（理性的）,justified（合理的， 熱情：enthusiasticpassionate樂觀：optimistic（樂觀）,pessimistic（悲觀）偏見：prejudicial,partial,biased,確信：appreciativeapproval,assured,convincedconclusive（結(jié)論的）廣泛：comprehensive（廣泛的）,qualified（限定的），sconful（態(tài)度題練習(xí)：2004年TEXT20.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsnewfarmsubsidiesintheU.S.isA:favorableC:criticalThisiswhatmakesBush’sdecisiontoincreasefarmsubsidieslastmonthallthemoredepressing.Poorcountrieshavelong edthattherichworldurgestradeliberalizationonlysoitcanwangleitswayintonewmarkets.SuchsuspicionscausedtheSeattletradetalkstobreakdownthreeyearsago.ButlastNovembermembersoftheWorldTradeOrganization,meetinginDoha,Qatar,finallyagreedtoanewroundoftalksdesignedtoopenupglobaltradeinagricultureandtextiles.Richcountriesassuredpoorcountries,thattheirconcernswerefinallybeingaddressed.Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothosetalksandhis aldevotiontofreeWhytheauthormentionedTheauthorcited…inorderTheauthormentionedinordertoshowillustrate/demonstrate)…3）解題方法Itisnoteasytocomprehendtheculturalpatterninagivenregion.AscientificstudyledbyProfessor.JohnsonfromtheChicagoUniversitybestillustratesthisobservation.Hedrewacircleontheground,withtheassistanceofaresearchteamof12people.Theyputamonkeyinsidetheloopandgaveitseveralinstructionsbeforegivingitlunch.Thecreaturewereorderedtojumpupward,downwardfromaplatformandevendiagonallyButeachtime,themonkeyactedcontrarytotheordersfromthemankind.Ifitissodifficulttopredictthemovementofamonkey,justimaginehowcomplicateditiswhileonetriestointerprettheculturalelementsinanarea.問題：WhytheauthormentionedanexperimentinregardtoA:toshowthatmonkeysaredisobedientB:toillustratethecomplexityofunderstandingakindofforeignButitwasnotnewspapersalonethatwerebringingthenewawarenesstopeopleintheUnitedStatesinthelatenineteenthcentury.Magazinesastheyareknowntodaybeganpublicationaround1882,and,infact,thecirculationofweeklymagazinesexceededthatofnewspapersintheperiodwhichfollowed.By1892,forexample,likecirculationoftheLadies’HomeJournalhadreachedanastounding700,000.Anincreaseinbookreadershipalsoplayedasignificantpartinthisgeneraltrend.Forexample,EdwardBellamy’sutopiannovel,LookingBackward,soldoveramillioncopiesin1888,givingrisetothegrowthoforganizationsdedicatedtotherealizationofBellamy’svisionofthefuture.Theprintedword,unquestionably,wasintrudingontheinsulationthathadcharacterizedUnitedStatessocietyinanearlierperiod.問題：WhydoestheauthormentionEdwardBellamy’snovelLookingA:Toillustratehowadvancedthetechnologyofprinting B:ToemphasizetheinfluenceoftheprintedwordonasocietyrapidC: D:Todemonstratethatbookshadreplacednewspapersandmagazinesastheleadingsourceofinformation.提問方法：Thewordinlineprobablymeans…例題：2005年TEXTA問題：”unyokedinthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningtoA:sentoutB:D:removedIrememberedmeetinghimoneeveningwithhispushcart.Ihadmanagedtosellallmypapersandwascominghomeinthesnow.ItwasthatstrangehourindowntownNewYorkwhentheworkerswerepouringhomewardinthetwilight.Imarchedamongthousandsoftiredmenandwomenwhomthefactorywhistleshadunyoked.Theyflowedinriversthroughtheclothingfactorydistricts,thedownalongtheavenuestotheEast2：2005年TEXT問題：Thewordpooh-poohinthesixthparagraphmeansAappreciateB:praiseC:shun原文：Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuturemindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Itseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthe future.Buttheworldisnot ingmoreFrench.By2012,thisperiodofchastisementwilllikelyhaveruninitscourse,andfuturemindednesswillbebackinvogue,forbetterorworse.3：2006年TEXT問題：TheworddebtsinveryfewdebtsareleftunpaidinthefirstparagraphA:B:C:D:ningonthenfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherlandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvesttime,whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsun-bakedclay,butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,plete.Everyvillagehasitsdefense.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvesttime,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however,befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nouri