2022屆新高考英語沖刺復習動詞不定式

2022屆新高考英語沖刺精品復習動詞不定式不定式作賓語1）動詞+不定式affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake舉例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。2）動詞+不定式；動詞+賓語+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,helpintendlike,love,needprefer,prepare,promise,want,wish...Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。IwanttospeaktoTom?我想和湯姆談話。IwantyoutospeaktoTom.我想讓你和湯姆談話。3）動詞+疑問詞+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.請演示給我們如何去做。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有這么多的錄音機，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。不定式作補語1）動詞+賓語+不定式（todo）adviseallowappointbelievecausechallengecommandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindfbrbidfbrceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinfbrminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewam例句：a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。b.Webelievehimtobeguilty.我們相信他是有罪的。Find的特殊用法：Find后可用分詞做賓補，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to的動詞不定式。find后也可帶一個從句。此類動詞還有get,have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn.IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant典型例題：Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補足語作用?，F在分詞表達主動，也表達正在進行，過去分詞表達被動。to+be的不定式結構，作補語的動詞。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think9declare（聲稱）,discover,fancy（設想）,feel行nd,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see（理解）,show,suppose,take（以為）,understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我們認為湯姆是班上最好的學生之一。典型例題CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented答案：A.由considertodosth.排除B、Do.此句只說明創(chuàng)造這一個事實，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現在完成時，創(chuàng)造為點動詞一般不用完成時，且此處也不強調對現在的影響，因此不選C。tobe+形容詞Seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean...Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.人們認為這本書沒什么意思。4)therebe+不定式believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWedidnftexpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我們沒木斗至ll會有那么多人在哪里。注意：有些動詞需用as短語做補語，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我們認為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Marytookhimasherfather.瑪麗把他當作自己的父親。不定式主語Ifseasy(forme)todothat.我做這事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenoughIt'ssonicetohearyourvoice.聽到你的聲音真高興。It'snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit當你不用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。Ifsverykindofyoutohelpus?他幫助我們,他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,fdolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave?considerate(考慮周至U的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句：Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不給他們任何東西，這顯得太自私了。注意：1）其他系動詞如，look,appear等也可用于此句型2）不定式作為句子成分時，動詞用單數形式。3）當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用Itis…to…的句型（對）Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。（錯）Itistobelievetosee.Itfsforsb/Ifsofsbforsb.常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：It*sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,rightoIt*sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來幫助我，你真是太好了。for與of的區(qū)分方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通那么用for。如：Youarenice.（通順，所以應用of）。Heishard.（人是困難的，不通，因此應用for。）不定式作表語不定式可放在be動詞后面，形成表語。例如：Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.不定式作定語不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：havealotofworktodo.Sohemadesomecandlestogivelight.不定式作狀語1）目的狀語To...onlyto（僅僅為了）,inorderto,soasto,so（such）...asto…（如此以便）Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我來僅僅是向你告別。2）作結果狀語，表事先沒有預料到的，要放在句子后面。WhathaveIsaidtomakeyouangry.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3）表原因Frngladtoseeyou.典型例題Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞。當動詞與介詞連用時，常位于"形容詞+動詞不定式”結構的末尾。用作介詞的toto有兩種用法：一為不定式+動詞原形；一為介詞+名詞/動名詞，to在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+名詞/動名詞：admitto成認，confessto成認，beaccustomedto習慣于，beusedto習慣于，stickto堅持，turnto開始，著手于，devoteoneselfto獻身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼望,payattentionto注思省to的動詞不定式1）情態(tài)動詞（除ought外，oughtto）：使役動詞let,have,make：感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補，省略to。注意：在被動語態(tài)中那么to不能省掉。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.wouldrather,hadbetter：Why.../whynot...：help可帶to,也可不帶to,helpsb(to)dosth：but和except：but前是動詞do時，后面出現的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式。8)由and,or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to可以省去：通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去tobe：Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他應該是個好人。舉例：HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.比擬：Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.典型例題1)——Iusuallygotherebytrain.——Whynotbyboatfbrachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing答案：D.whynot后面接不帶to的不定式，因此選D。Pauldoesn!thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning答案：B.make后接不帶to的動詞不定式，當其用于被動時，to不可省略。動詞不定式的否認式Tellhimnottoshutthewindow...ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.我走過的時候，她假裝沒看見。典型例題1)Tellhimthewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut答案:Botellsbtodosth的否認形式為tellsbnottodosth.2)ShepretendedmewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen答案：Aopretend后應接不定式。其否認形式為pretendnottodosth.。Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughterafterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriverC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive答案：Aowarnsbtodosth.的否認形式為warnsbnottodosth.此處用的是否認詞never.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto答案：Aonotto為nottodoit的省略形式。可以只用to這個詞，而不必重復整個不定式詞組。及物動詞do后應有名詞、代詞等，否那么不對，因此B,D不對。Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating答案：Cowarn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動，否認形式為bewarnednottodoo不定式特殊句型too...to...)too.?.to太...以至于?..Heistooexcitedtospeak.他太激動了，說不出話來。--CanIhelpyou?需要我?guī)椭鷨?？——Well,Pmafraidtheboxistooheavyfbryoutocarryit,butthankyouallthesame.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動。謝謝您。2）如在to。前有否認詞，那么整個句子用否認詞表達肯定，too后那個詞表達一種委婉含義，意為”不太、It'snevertoolatetomend.（諺語）改過不嫌晚。3）當too前面有only,all,but時，意思是：非?！扔趘ery。Fmonlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高興能幫助你。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。不定式特殊句型soasto1）表示目的；它的否認式是soasnottodo。Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.湯姆對事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.輕點進去，別驚醒了嬰兒。2）sokindasto---勞駕Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?勞駕，現在幾點了。不定式特殊句型Whynot“Whynot+動詞原形”表達向某人提出建議，翻譯為：”為什么不??””干嗎不???...?”例如：Whynottakeaholiday?干嗎不去度假？不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)'語態(tài)主動被動一般式todotobedone進行式tobedoing完