2023年上海高考英語(yǔ)真題及答案

絕密★啟用前2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試〔上海卷〕英語(yǔ)試卷本試卷分第一卷〔選擇題〕和第二卷〔非選擇題〕兩局部，共150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束，將答題卡和答題卷一并交回?？忌⒁猓?．本試卷分為第一卷和第二卷兩局部?？偡种?50分?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。2．答第一卷前，考生務(wù)必在答題卡和答題紙上用鋼筆或圓珠筆清楚填寫(xiě)姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、校驗(yàn)碼，并用鉛筆在答題卡上正確涂寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和效驗(yàn)碼。3．第一卷〔1—16小題，25—80小題〕由機(jī)器閱卷，答案必須全部涂寫(xiě)在答題卡上?？荚噾?yīng)將代表正確答案的小方格用鉛筆涂黑。注意試題題號(hào)和答題卡編號(hào)一一對(duì)應(yīng)，不能錯(cuò)位。答案需要更改時(shí)，必須將原選項(xiàng)用橡皮擦去，重新選擇。答案不能涂寫(xiě)在試卷上，涂寫(xiě)在試卷上一律不給分。第一卷中的第17—24小題，第81—84小題和第二卷的試題，其答案用鋼筆或水筆寫(xiě)在答題紙上，如用鉛筆答題，或?qū)懺谠嚲砩弦宦刹唤o分。第一卷〔共105分〕LlisteningcomprehensionSectionADirectionsInsectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．A．Ashopassistant. B．Adentist C．Ancloarician D．Abankclerk.2．A．Theexamscore. B．Theworldnews. C．Asoccermatch.D．Abasketballteam.3．A．Atapostoffice B．Ataflowershop C．Atadepartmentstore. D．Atabusstation4．A．5hours B．7hours C．9hours D．10hours5．A．Tim’snotseriouslyinjured B．Timwillgettothehospitalquickly. C．Thewoman’sheardallaboutTim’sillness. D．Thewomandoesn’tknowhowTimisnow.6．A．Sheisn’tthemoodtotravel. B．Franceistoofarforfamilyholiday. C．Familyholidaynolongerinterestsher D．Shehashadtoomanyholidaysthisyear.7．A．Thecostwasreasonable. B．ThecostwasunbelievablyhighC．Shelikesthehotel. D．Shewillstayovernight.8．A．Disappointment B．Disapproval. C．Sympathy. D．Passion.9．A．Themanistooforgetful B．Themanshouldn’tgetannoyed.C．Themanhastoomanykeys. D．Themanshouldattendmorelessons.10．A．Hewantstoliveinapartments. B．Hethinkshissignatureisunnecessary.C．Hehasalreadysignedacontract D．Hedoesn’talwayssaywhathemeans.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingintroduction.11．A．Whitemasters. B．Africanslaves. C．Nativedancers. D．Sporttrainers.12．A．Havingkungfuexperience. B．Beingabletosingandplaymusic.C．Wearingagreenbelt. D．Beingstrongandabletobalancewell.13．A．Heuseshishandstokeepthebalance. B．Hedosescontactwithhisopponent.C．Heiskickedbyhisopponent. D．Heispushedoutofthecircle.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage14．A．Greatguestsandtalktohotelstaff. B．Havebreakfastandexamineroomservice.C．Prepareforthemeetingandwritenewreports.D．Reviewthepreviousnight’sreportsandcheckemails.15．A．Sayinghellotoeveryguest. B．Consideringdifferentbathrequirements.C．Diningwithadifferentstaffmember. D．Holdingvariousoperationalmeetings.16．A．Aday’slifeofahotelmanager. B．Thedailyroutineatahotel.C．Hotelserviceandimprovement. D．Meetingsattendedbyahotelmassager.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Doctor’sNotesPatient’sname:Mr._____17_____Symptoms:Awful18andaterriblecoughTemperature:19Doctor’ssuggestion:Onespoonfulofcough20every4hoursforthenextfivedays.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?To21WhatdoesIamlWyndhamwrite?22Whydothemaincharactersinthestoryjoinagroupofpeople?Becausethehopetostart23.Betweenwhomwilltherebesomeconflictinthestory?Betweenpeopleand24.П．Grammarandvocabulary.SectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandChoosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.25．Seanhasformedthehabitofjoggingthetree-linedavenuefortwohourseveryday．A．betweenB．a(chǎn)longC．belowD．with26．Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark．Itwasjourney.A．threehourB．a(chǎn)three-hoursC．a(chǎn)three-hourD．threehours27．Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon'tlearntodependonA．themselvesB．themC．usD．ourselves28．Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers．theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.A．a(chǎn)rehavingB．haveC．havehadD．hadhad29．-Sorry,ProfessorSmith．Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.-Oh,youhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A．mustB．mustn'tC．shouldD．shouldn't30．Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmersonlytravelledthelocalmarket.A．longerthanB．morethanC．a(chǎn)smuchasD．a(chǎn)sfaras31．Thechurchtowerwhichwillbeopentotouristssoon．Theworkisalmostfinished.A．hasrestoredB．hasbeenrestoredC．isrestoringD．isbeingrestored32．Ihadgreatdifficultythesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A．findB．foundC．tofindD．finding33．Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagueswithherstories.A．a(chǎn)musedB．a(chǎn)musingC．toamuseD．tobeamused34．youmayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.A．HoweveraseriousproblemB．WhataseriousproblemC．HoweverseriousaproblemD．Whatseriousaproblem35．thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metresinheight．A．ApproachingB．ApproachedC．ToapproachD．Tobeapproached36．Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.A．thatB．howC．whatD．why37．Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknowA．heisenteringwhichlaneB．whichlaneheisenteringC．isheenteringwhichlaneD．whichlaneisheentering38．Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A．onwhichB．bywhichC．towhichD．fromwhich39．ourmanageobjectstoTom'sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasamember．A．UntilB．UnlessC．IfD．After40．Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms．A．reducingB．toreduceC．reducedD．reduceSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox．Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce．Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．a(chǎn)dditionalB．producingC．regularD．predictedE．identifiedEatmosphereG．matchedH．reducingI．carriedJ．increaseForestsinthenorthernhalfoftheglobecouldbegrowingfasternowthantheywere200yearsagoasaresultofclimatechange,accordingtoastudyoftreesineasternAmerica．Thetreesappeartohavefastergrowthratesduetolongergrowingseasonsandhigherconcentrations(濃度)ofcarbondioxideinthe___41.GeoffreyParker,ascientistattheSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCentreinEdgewater．Maryland,saidthattheincreasehatherateofgrowthwasunexpectedandmightbe42tothehighertemperaturesandlongergrowingseasonsdocumentedintheregion．Thegrowthmayalsobeinfluencedbythesignificant43inatmosphericCO2,hesaid."Wemadealistofreasonstheseforestscouldbegrowingfasterandthenexcludedhalfofthem,"DrParkersaid．Theirstudysuggeststhatnorthernforestsmaybecomeincreasinglyimportantin44theinfluenceofman-madeCO2ontheclimate.DrParkerandhiscolleagueshave45outadetailedrecordofthetreesona(n)46basissince1987．Theycalculatedthatduetotheglobalwarmingtheforestisproducing47tonsofwoodeachyear.Thescientists_48_thelandwithtreesatdifferentstagesofgrowthandfoundthatbothyoungandoldtreeswereshowingincreasedgrowthrate．Morethan90percentofthetreegroupshadgrownbybetweentwoandfourtimesfasterthanthescientistshad49fromestimatesofthelong-termratesofgrowth.Ⅲ．ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD．Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thefirstattemptofeventhemosttalentedartists,musicians,andwritersisseldomamasterpiece,Ifyouconsideryourdraftsasdressrehearsals(彩排),ortryouts,revisingwillseemanaturalpartofthewriting50．Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,51revising．AndrewLloydWebber'smusicalPhantomoftheOperaunderwentsuchaprocess.WhenLloydWebberbeganwritingin1984,hehadinmindafunny,excitingproduction．However,whenPhantomopenedinLondonin1986,theaudiencesawamovingpsychologicallovestorysettomusic．Themusicalhad．52severalrevisionsdue,inpart,toproblemswithcostumingandmakeup(戲服和化裝)．Forinstance,LloydWebber53someofthemusicbecausethePhantom'smakeuppreventedtheactorfromsingingcertainsounds.Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin54toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.Revisionisnotjustanafterthoughtthatgetsonlyasmuchtimeasyouhaveattheendofanassignment．56,itisamajorstageofthewritingprocess,andwritersreviseeverystepoftheway．Evenyourdecisionto57．topicswhileprewritingisatypeofrevising．However．don'tmakethemistakeofskippingtherevisionstagethatfollows58．Alwaysmaketimetobecomeyourown59andviewyourdressrehearsal,sotospeak．Reviewingyourworkinthiswaycangiveyou60newideas.Revisinginvolves61theeffectivenessandappropriatenessofallaspectsofyourwriting,makingyourpurposemoreclearly,andrefocusingordevelopingthefactsandideasyoupresent．Whenyourevise,askyourselfthefollowingquestions,keepinginmindtheaudienceforwhomyouarewriting:Ismymainideaorpurpose62throughoutmydraft?DoIeverlosesightofmypurpose?HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe63thatis,facts,opinions,inferences--thattheyneedinordertounderstandmymainidea?Finally,haveIincludedtoomany64detailsthatmayconfusereaders?50．A．techniqueB．styleC．processD．career51．A．inparticularB．a(chǎn)saresultC．forexampleD．inotherwords52．A．undergoneB．skippedC．rejectedD．replaced53．A．rewroteB．releasedC．recordedD．reserved54．A．a(chǎn)dditionB．responseC．oppositionD．contrast55．A．fixedB．a(chǎn)mbitiousC．familiarD．fresh56．A．HoweverB．MoreoverC．InsteadD．Therefore57．A．discussB．switchC．exhaustD．cover58．A．draftingB．rearrangingC．performingD．training59．A．directorB．masterC．a(chǎn)udienceD．visitor60．A．personalB．valuableC．basicD．delicate61．A．mixingB．weakeningC．maintainingD．a(chǎn)ssessing62．A．a(chǎn)mazingB．brightC．uniqueD．clear63．A．a(chǎn)nglesB．evidenceC．informationD．hints64．A．unnecessaryB．uninterestingC．concreteD．finalSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages．Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements．ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD．Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Theelephantwaslyingheavilyonitsside,fastasleep．Afewdogsstartedbarkingatit．Theelephantwokeupinaterribleanger:itchasedthedogsintothevillagewheretheyranforsafety．Thatdidn'tstoptheelephant．Itdestroyedadozenhousesandinjuredseveralpeople．Thevillagerswerescaredandangry．ThensomeonesuggestedcallingParbati,theelephantprincess.ParbatiBarua'sfatherwasahunteroftigersandanelephanttamer．HetaughtParbatitorideanelephantbeforeshecouldevenwalk．Healsotaughtherthedangerousartoftheelephantround-up--howtocatchwildelephants.Parbatihasn'talwayslivedinthejungle．Afterahappychildhoodhuntingwithherfather,shewassenttoboardingschoolinthecity．ButParbatinevergotusedtobeingthereandmanyyearslatershewentbacktoheroldfife．"Lifeinthecityistoodull．Catchingelephantsisanadventureandtheexcitementlastsfordaysafterthechase,"shesays.ButParbatidoesn'tcatchelephantsjustforfun．"Mywork,"shesays,"istorescuemanfromtheelephants,andtokeeptheelephantssafefromman."AndthisisexactlywhatParbatihasbeendoingformanyyears．Increasingly,theIndianelephantisangry:formanyyears,illegalhuntershaveattackeditanditshomeinthejunglehasbeenreducedtosmallpiecesofland．Itisnowfightingback．Wheneverwildelephantsenterateagardenoravillage,Parbatiiscalledtoguidetheanimalsbacktothejunglebeforetheycankill.Theworkofanelephanttameralsoinvolvesloveanddevotion．Agoodelephanttamerwillspendhoursadaysinginglovesongstoanewlycapturedelephant．"Eventuallytheygrowtolovetheirtamersandneverforgetthem．Theyarealsomoreloyalthanhumans,"shesaid,assheclimbeduponeofherelephantsandsatonthegiant,happyanimal．Anelephantprincessindeed!65．ForParbati,catchingelephantsismainlyto.A．getlonglastingexcitementB．keepbothmanandelephantssafeC．sendthembacktothejungleD．maketheangryelephantstame66．BeforeParbatistudiedinaboardingschool,.A．shespenthertimehuntingwithherfatherB．shelearnedhowtosinglovesongsC．shehadalreadybeencalledanelephantprincessD．shewastaughthowtohunttigers67．Indianelephantsaregettingincreasinglyangryandtheyrevengebecause__________.A．theyarecaughtandsentforheavyworkB．illegalhunterscapturethemandkillthemC．theyareattackedandtheirlandgetslimitedD．dogsoftenbarkatthemandchasethem68．ThepassagestartswithanelephantstoryinordertoexplainthatinIndia_________．A．peopleeasilyfallvictimtoelephants'attacksB．theman-elephantrelationshipisgettingworseC．elephanttamersareinshortsupplyD．dogsareaspowerfulaselephants(B)Trevor,C.O.,Lansford,B.andBlack,J.W.,2004,"Employeeturnover(人事變更)andjobperformance:monitoringtheinfluencesofsalarygrowthandpromotion",JournalofArmchairPsychology,vol.113,no.1,pp.56-64.InthisarticleTrevoretal.reviewtheinfluencesofpayandjobopportunitiesinrespectofjobperformance,turnoverratesandemployees'jobattitude.Theauthorsusedatagainedthroughorganizationalsurveysofblue-chipcompaniesinVancouver,Canadatotrytoidentifythemaincauseofemployeeturnoverandwhetheritislinkedtosalarygrowth.Theirresearchfocusesonassessingarangeofpaystructuressuchaspayforperformanceandorganizationalrewardplans.ThearticleisusefulasTrevoretal.suggestthattherearenumerousreasonsforemployeeturnoverandavarietyofdifferencesinemployees'jobattitudeandperformance.Themainlimitationofthearticleisthatthesurveysamplewasrestrictedtomid-levelmanagement,thustheauthorsindicatethatfurther,moreextensiveresearchneedstobeundertakentodevelopamorein-depthunderstandingofemployeeturnoverandjobperformance.Asthisarticlewaspublishedinaprofessionaljournal,thefindingscanbeconsideredreliable.Itwillbeusefuladditionalinformationfortheresearchonpaystructures.Trevor,C.O.,Lansford,B.andBlack,J.W.,2004,"Employeeturnover(人事變更)andjobperformance:monitoringtheinfluencesofsalarygrowthandpromotion",JournalofArmchairPsychology,vol.113,no.1,pp.56-64.InthisarticleTrevoretal.reviewtheinfluencesofpayandjobopportunitiesinrespectofjobperformance,turnoverratesandemployees'jobattitude.Theauthorsusedatagainedthroughorganizationalsurveysofblue-chipcompaniesinVancouver,Canadatotrytoidentifythemaincauseofemployeeturnoverandwhetheritislinkedtosalarygrowth.Theirresearchfocusesonassessingarangeofpaystructuressuchaspayforperformanceandorganizationalrewardplans.ThearticleisusefulasTrevoretal.suggestthattherearenumerousreasonsforemployeeturnoverandavarietyofdifferencesinemployees'jobattitudeandperformance.Themainlimitationofthearticleisthatthesurveysamplewasrestrictedtomid-levelmanagement,thustheauthorsindicatethatfurther,moreextensiveresearchneedstobeundertakentodevelopamorein-depthunderstandingofemployeeturnoverandjobperformance.Asthisarticlewaspublishedinaprofessionaljournal,thefindingscanbeconsideredreliable.Itwillbeusefuladditionalinformationfortheresearchonpaystructures.69．TheresearchpaperpublishedisprimarilyconcernedwithA．thewayofpreventingemployeeturnoverB．methodsofimprovingemployeeperformanceC．factorsaffectingemployeeturnoverandperformanceD．paystructuresbasedonemployeeperformance70．Asismentionedinthecard,thelimitationoftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat.A．thedataanalysisishardlyreliableB．theresearchsampleisnotwideenoughC．thefindingsareofnopracticalvalueD．theresearchmethodisout-of-date71．Whomightbemostinterestedinthispieceofinformation?A．Jobhunters．B．Employeesinblue-chipcompanies.C．Mid-levelmanagers.D．Researchersonemployeeturnover.(C)The2023LondonOlympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout．Butonemorehasjustbeenadded-acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorms.AfteraperiodofcalmwithintheSun,scientistshavedetectedthesignsofafleshcycleofsunspotsthatcouldpeakin2023,justintimeforthearrivaloftheOlympictorchinLondon.NowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheEarth,causingstrongsolarstormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinteractlinkssendingfiveOlympicbroadcastfromLondon."TheSun'sactivityhasastronginfluenceontheEarth．TheOlympicscouldbeinthemiddleofthenextsolarmaximumwhichcouldaffectthefunctionsofcommunicationssatellites,"saidProfessorRichardHarrison,headofspacephysicsattheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryinOxfordshire．Atthepeakofthecycle,violentoutburstscalledcoronalmassejections(日冕物質(zhì)拋射)occurintheSun'satmosphere,throwingoutgreatquantitiesofelectrically-chargedmatter．"Acoronalmassejectioncancarryabilliontonsofsolarmaterialintospaceatoveramillionkilometresperhour．Sucheventscanexposeastronautstoadeadlyamount,candisablesatellites,causepowerfailuresonEarthanddisturbcommunications,"ProfessorHarrisonadded．Theriskisgreatestduringasolarmaximumwhenthereisthegreatestnumberofsunspots.NextweekinAmerica,NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivitycalledtheSolarDynamicsObservatory(SDO),whichwilltakeimagesoftheSunthatare10timesclearerthanthemostadvancedtelevisionsavailable.TheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryhelpedtomakethehigh-techcamerasthatwillcaptureimagesofthesolarflares(太陽(yáng)耀斑)andexplosionsastheyoccur.ProfessorRichardHoldaway,thelab'sdirector,saidthattheSDOshouldbeabletoprovideearlywarningofasolarflareorexplosionbigenoughtoaffectsatellitecommunicationsonEarth"Ifwehaveadvancewarning,we'llbeabletoreducethedamage．Whatyoudon'twantisthingsswitchingoffforaweekwithnoideaofwhat'scausedtheproblem,"hesaid.72．Thephrase"communicationsblackout"inparagraph1mostprobablyreferstoduringthe2023Olympics.A．theextinguishingoftheOlympictorchB．thecollapseofbroadcastingsystemsC．thetransportationbreakdowninLondonD．thedestructionofweathersatellites73．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesolaractivitydescribedinthepassage?A．ThemostfatalmatterfromthecoronafallsontoEarth.B．Thesolarstormpeakoccursinthemiddleofeachcycle.C．IttakesseveralsecondsforthechargedmattertoreachEarth.D．Thenumberofsunspotsdeclinesaftercoronalmassejections.74．Accordingtothepassage,NASAwilllaunchasatelliteto__A．takeimagesofthesolarsystemB．provideearlywarningofthunderstormsC．keeptrackofsolaractivitiesD．improvethecommunicationsonEarth75．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．SolarStorms:AnInvisibleKillerB．SolarStorms:EarthEnvironmentinDangerC．SolarStorms:ThreateningtheHumanRaceD．SolarStorms:HumanActivitiestoBeTroubledSectionCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph．Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.A．DrugoveruseanditsconsequenceB．TheproblemofdrugoveruseinAmericaC．BenefitsofmedicineanditswiseuseDFemaledrugoverusewithreferencetothatofmalesEMisuseofmedicineamongtheyounggenerationF．Improperuseofmedicineamongseniorcitizens76．Nowadays．millionsofpeoplemisuseandevenoverusepainmedicationsandotherdrugs．ResearchbytheAmericanNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse(NIDA,1999)showsthataround2%ofthepopulationoverage12wereusingdrugsnon-medically.77．NIDAviewsmedicationsasapowerfulforceforgoodinthecontemporaryworld．Theyreduceandremovepainformillionsofpeoplesufferingfromillnessanddisease．Theymakeitpossiblefordoctorstoperformcomplicatedsurgerytosavelives．Manypeopleafflictedbyseriousmedicalconditionsareabletocontroltheirsymptomsandbecomeactive,contributingcitizens．NIDApointsoutthatmostindividualswhotakethesedragsusetheminaresponsible.78．Nevertheless．overuseofdrugssuchasopioids,centralnervoussystem(CNS)depressantsandstimulantsdoesleadtoharmfulrelianceinsomepeopleandisthereforebecomingaseriouspublichealthconcern．Althoughthisabuseaffectsmanypeopleworldwide,particulartrendsofconcerntothemedicalprofessionintheUSappearamongolderadults,teenagersaridwomen.79．Thoughitmaybeasurprisetomany,themisuseofmedicationsmaybethemostcommonformofdrugabuseamongtheelderly．DrKennethSchraderofDukeUniversity,NorthCarolinastatesthatalthoughtheelderlyrepresentabout13%oftheUSpopulation,thoseaged65andoveraccountfortheconsumptionofonethirdofalldrugs．Peopleinthisagegroupusemedicationsroughlythreetimesmorethanthegeneralpopulationandhavepoorercompliancewithinstructionforuse．Inanotherstudyofelderlypatientsadmittedtotreatmentprograms,70%werewomenwhohadoverusedmedicines.80.Unfortunately,thistrendamongwomendoesnotonlyaffectthoseagedoverIngeneral,amongwomenandmenwhoareusingeitherananti-anxietydrugorasedative,womenaretwiceaslikelytobecomeaddicted．Inaddition,statisticscompiledfor12-17yearoldsshowthatteenagegirlsaremorelikelythanteenageboystobeginoverusingpsychotherapeuticmedicationsuchaspainkillers,tranquillisers,stimulantsandsedatives.SectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefully．Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Physed(physicaleducation)ismakingacomebackasapartoftheschoolcorecurriculum(核心課程)，butwithadifference．Whilegroupsportsarestillpartofthecurriculum,thenewwayistoteachskillsthatareusefulbeyondgymclass．Insteadoflearninghowtoclimbarope,childrenaretaughttoliftweights,balancetheirdietsandbuildphysicalendurance．Inthisway，kidsaregiventhetoolsandskillsandexperiencessotheycanleadaphysicallyactivelifetherestoftheirlife.Consideringthat15percentofAmericanchildren6to18areoverweight,supporterssaymoremoneyandthoughtmustbeputintophysedcurriculum．Inmanycases,thatmaymeannotjustreplacingtheoldgym-classmodelwithfitnessprogramsbutalsostartingupphysedprogramsbecauseschoolboardsoften"putP.E．onthechoppingblock,cuttingitentirelyordecreasingitsteachersorthedaysitisoffered,"saysAliciaMoag-Stahlberg,theexecutivedirectorofActionforHealthKids．Thedifferenceinphysedprogramsispartlyduetothelackofanationalstandard．"Physicaleducationneedstobepartofthecorecurriculum,"sheadded.Thewisdomofthenewapproachhassomescientificsupport．Researchersatthe