考試英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題答案聽(tīng)力原文

2012年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)及答案詳PartⅠWriting(30Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheImpactoftheInternetonInter alCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.TheImpactoftheInterneton alPartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandDirections:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andDForquestions8-10completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TheThree-YearHartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear’stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That’sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld’sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.OurresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelothecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld’swealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld’sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.Yet,therearesignsofperil()withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcompetitively.Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaoffall-to-spring“schoolyear”hasn’tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversityStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.“Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,”hehaswritten.Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(位)，combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles()them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampusstomanagetheseproblemsare inghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirs.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.ThestackofcongressionalregulationserningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofngthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool’snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirpay.Thethree-yeardegreeisn’tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms”inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinnaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsoheltomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.Forstudentswhodon’tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool’sresidency(住院醫(yī)生)program,enrolledinVanderbilt’sundergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates.”Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear,”saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam(遨游)inlectually.Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor’sclass.Iowa’sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefour-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintothe“Mosthighernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,”DerekBok,formerofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.“Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach.”Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.ThosethatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg’sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.“Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,”hesays.“That’swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents’vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.”Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.1WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeTocreatechancesforthepoor.C)ToenrollmoreTocutstudents’expenses.D)TosolveitsfinancialByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythatAmericanuniversitiesareresistanttothesummervacationcontributestostudentcollegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectivethecostsofrunningauniversityareTheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedomB)createssamongcolleaguesD)isasignofageWhatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatItsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachNon-creditcoursesareeliminatedItsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaSomesummercoursesareofferedfreeofWhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege’sthree-yeardegreeIthasbeenrunningforseveralItisopentothebrighteststudentsItisthemostsuccessfulintheIthasmanypracticalcoursesonWhatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeCurriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementMoreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighTheoverallqualityofeducationbasWhatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeStudentshavetocopewithtooheavyaStudentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroaminStudentshavelittletimetogainpracticalStudentsdon’thaveprizedprofessorstoteachCollegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightposeathreatto.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorderto.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractiveto.SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意:2上作答A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherTheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteaThedoctor’stherapyhasbeenveryA)ThemancouldwatchtheballetwithShehappenedtohaveboughttwoShecangetaballetticketfortheHerscheduleswithherA)HewillsendsomeonerightHehastodootherrepairsThewomancancalllaterthatThewomancantrytofixitA)TakeupcollectionnextGivehiscontributionsometimeBuyanexpensivegiftforBorrowsomemoneyfromtheA)DeclinetheinvitationasearlyasB)AskTonytoconveythankstohisC)lTony’smotherthatsheeatsnoD)AddmorefruitsandvegetablestoherA)TheincreasingcrimeTheimpactofmassThecirculationofThecoverageofA)LimitthenumberofparticipantsintheCheckthenumberofpeoplewhohaveProvidepeoplewithadviceoncareerMovetheconferencetoamorespaciousA)TheapartmentisstillTheapartmentisclosetotheTheadvertisementisOn-campushousingishardtoQuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)TotesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovariousTofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleToseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachToexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaA)ProducetheappropriatePresstheright-handleverRaisetheirheadsabovetheSwimstraightintothesameA)OnlyonedolphinwasabletoseetheThemaledolphinreceivedmoreBothdolphinswereputinthesameTheleverwasbeyondthedolphins’Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)InabotanicalInalectureInaresortOnacattleA)ItisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireItisatthecentreofthefashionItremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralIthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictorianA)ItwasnamedafteralandownerintheoldItislocatedintheeasternpartofItisprotectedasparklandbyaspecialItwillbeusedasacentreforathleticA)ThebeautifulTherefreshingThemineralThevastSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustC店家找遍全網(wǎng)沒(méi)有相關(guān)的資料了啦！D)HespecializesininteralA)StudentswhoscoredlowstandardizedBlackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestStudentswhoareaccustomedtolivinginBlackstudentsfromfamilieswith A)TheyatthecollegedormsattheendoftheTheywereoftheuniversity’shousingTheygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhiteTheybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceA)TheirracialattitudesTheirtestscoresroseTheygrewboredofeachTheystartedngsimilaractivities.PassagetwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)It epopularItwillchangetheconceptofIthasattractedworldwideItcanhelpsolveglobalfloodA)IthasbeenincreasedovertheIthasbeendrasticallycutbyItisstillfarfrombeingItcomesregularlyfromitsA)TheyarelesshealthythanweTheyarenotasexpensiveasTheyaremorenutritiousandTheyarenotasnaturalaswePassageQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)HehasbettermemoriesofHewasaccusedoffamilyHeisahabitualHewaswronglyA)Thejury’sprejudiceagainsthisTheevidencefoundatthecrimeThetwovictims’ThetestimonyofhistwoA)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforFrightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectEyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer’sManyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnessSectionInthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave2About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-strickenfamiliespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlya improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducation(37) Mexico’seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear, anestimated7percentduetoa(39) inU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars.The(40) ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft ormiddleschoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42) theadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-out“(43) roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult.”CastrotoldReutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth. .Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.“Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,”Castrosaid. .Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorwordin .Mexico’spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry’stax,energyandlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountriessuchasBrazilandChile.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsor pletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingInfaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.Intheme,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbytheInterernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongaswe’reconsumingfossilfuels,we’reputtingoutCO2,”saysKlausLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University”WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefiniy.”ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.“Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducingemissions,”saysKimCorley,S’ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant’scarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou’vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200bypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,SdeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables.However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean,SfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline(鹽的)formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.2Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyWhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitandThroughusingCO2,DutchfarmershavebeenabletoLong-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseofSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingAsanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofNewspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral.“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,themotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’sWhartonSchool.“Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmoreAprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyInarebuttal(反駁)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:“Goal-settingisnotgoingOrganizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.2Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-ItsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenThegoalincreasepeople’sworkItsrolehasbeenlargelyThegoalsmostpeoplesetareWhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofSettingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintoBusinessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticFinancialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenueGoalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalHowdidSears’goal-settingaffectitsTheywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirTheycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmoreTheyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesTheyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywideWhatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer’sItsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalItexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-ItsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificItrunscountertotheexistingliteratureontheWhatisSchweitzer’scontentionagainstEdwinThelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherGoal-setting etoodeep-rootedincorporateThepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeStudyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinessPassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingFormostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(經(jīng)濟(jì)滯長(zhǎng)的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滯不前)underfaultyideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyinthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensibleernmentdirection.AstheneconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofernment.”ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofernment---followingRonaldRegan’sideathat“ernmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;ernmentistheproblem.“Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisiveernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“bigIfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantiernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethattheAmerica’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shugeernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.AsmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpfreeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattaenttotheideaofsmallerernmentandlessregulation.AmericanpoliticianswillhavetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools:thattherearegoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asiancountriesembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsoundlong-termfiscal財(cái)政的policiesasaMeanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:thebeliefthatEuropeanernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherenotomorrow.UnliketheAmericans,whofeltthatthemarketsknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slargerproblem.WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandCopyingwestern-styleeconomicHeavyrelianceonthehandofTimelyreformofernmentatallFreemarketplusernmentWhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying“ernmentistheproblem”(line4,Para.ManysocialevilsarecausedbywrongernmentManysocialproblemsarisefromernment’sernmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicernmentregulationhinderseconomicWhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsinginSelf-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreeCooperationbetweentheernmentandAbandonmentofbigernmentbytheEffectivemeasuresadoptedbytheWhatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthepublicernmentTheyurgetheernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicTheydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilTheygiveuptheideaofsmallerernmentandlessTheyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferentWhat’stheproblemwiththeEuropeanConservativeShrinkingLackofExcessivePartVDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)ontherightsideofpaper.Youshouldchoosetheonethatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough2上作答Musicproducesprofoundandlastingchangesinthebrain.Schoolsshouldaddmusicclasses,notcutthem.Nearly20yearsago,asmallstudyadvancedthe62thatlisteningtoMozart’sSonataforTwoPianosinDMajorcouldboostmentalfunctioning.Itwasnotlong63trademarked“Mozarteffect”productsbegantoappealtoanxiousparentsaimingtoputtoddlers(子)64thefasttracktoprestigiousuniversitieslikeHarvardandYale.Georgia’sernorevengivingeverynewbornthereaclassicalCDorThe66forMozarttherapyturnedouttobeweak,perhapsnonexistent,althoughthe67studyneverclaimedanythingmorethanatemporaryandlimitedeffect.Inrecentyears,68,scientistshaveexaminedthebenefitsofaconcerted69tostudyandpracticemusic,as70toplayingaMozartCDoracomputer-based“brainfitness”game71inawhile.Advancedmonitoring72haveenabledscientiststoseewh