英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey賓格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代詞所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名詞性代詞mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)Amareareareisarebe動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)waswerewerewerewaswere規(guī)那么變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)那么1一般情況+se.g.shell—shellstoy—toys規(guī)那么2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+ese.g.fox—foxeschurch—churches規(guī)那么3以o結(jié)尾+s或+ese.g.radio—radiospotato—potatoes規(guī)那么4以f,fe結(jié)尾的，變f,fe為vese.g.life—liveshalf—halves規(guī)那么5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g.sky—skiesstudy—studies規(guī)那么1一般情況+se.g.like-likes,look-looks規(guī)那么2以s,x,ch,sh和o結(jié)尾+ese.g.do-does,catch-catches規(guī)那么3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g.carrycarries,fly-flies規(guī)那么1一般動(dòng)詞力口-inge.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing規(guī)那么2以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-inge.g.makemaking,take-taking,arrive-arriving規(guī)那么3重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-inge.g.runrunning,sit-sitting,get-getting,swim-swimming,stopstopping規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)那么1一般動(dòng)詞加-ede.g.look-looked,watch-watched,play-played規(guī)那么2以e結(jié)尾的加-de.g.make-maked,arrive-arrived規(guī)那么3以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-edcry-cried,carry-carried規(guī)那么4重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-edstop-stopped過去式的讀音在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/e.g.walked,jumped在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/e.g.washed,watched在/t/，/d/后讀/id/e.g.waited,hated比擬級(jí)規(guī)那么1一般加-ere.g.high-higher規(guī)那么2以e結(jié)尾加-rnice-nicer規(guī)那么3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-erbusy-busier規(guī)那么4重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母再加-erfat-fatter最高級(jí)規(guī)那么1一般加-este.g.high-highest規(guī)那么2以e結(jié)尾加-stnice-nicest規(guī)那么3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-estbusy-busiest規(guī)那么4重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫輔音字母再加--estfatfattestis='sIam=I'mare='reisnot=isn't/iznt/arenot=aren't/a:nt/donot=don'tdoesnot=doesn'twas='sdidnot=didn'tcannot=can'thave='vehas='shavenot=haven'thasnot=hasn'twill='llwillnot=won'tshallnot=shan'twill/shallhavebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱，而willhavebeen+現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱。正如將來完成時(shí)一樣，它通常與一個(gè)以by開頭的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用：Bytheendofthisyearhe'llhavebeenactingforthirtyyears.到今年年底他當(dāng)演員就滿30年了。將來完成進(jìn)展時(shí)與將來完成時(shí)的關(guān)系和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的關(guān)系一樣。即在以下情況下可以用將來完成進(jìn)展時(shí)而不用將來完成時(shí)：Bytheendofthemonthhewillhavebeenliving/working/studyingherefortenyears.到了月底他在這里居住/工作/學(xué)習(xí)就滿十年了。Bytheendofthismonthhewillhavebeentraininghorses/climbingmountainsfortwentyyears.到了這個(gè)月底他馴馬/登山就滿20年了。但是如果提到所馴馬匹或所攀登的山峰的數(shù)目，或用任何方式把動(dòng)作分割為一次又一次的動(dòng)作，就必須用將來完成時(shí)：Bytheendofthemonthhewillhavetrained600horses/climbed50mountains.到本月底，他馴服的馬就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻，到那個(gè)時(shí)刻，該動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止，也有可能還在繼續(xù)。hadbeen+V-ing形式例如：Bytheendoflastmonththeyhadbeenworkinghereforabouttendays.到上個(gè)月為止，他們?cè)谶@里工作大約有十天了。Shesaidthatshehadbeenlisteningtoradioafterschool.她說她放學(xué)后一直在聽收音機(jī)。例如：Ithadbeenrainingandthestreetwasstillwet.天直在下雨，街道仍然很濕。例如：Shehadbeenstudyingfortwohourswhenherclassmatecametovisither.當(dāng)她的同學(xué)來看她的時(shí)候，她學(xué)習(xí)有兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。Iwaswritingaletterwhenshecametoseeme.當(dāng)她來看我時(shí)我正在寫信。Ihadbeenwritingaletterfortwohoursbythetimeshecametoseeme.當(dāng)她來看我的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)寫了兩個(gè)小時(shí)的信了。TheyhadjusthadbreakfastwhenTomcamein.湯姆來時(shí)，他們剛吃過早飯。TheyhadbeenhavingbreakfastfortenminuteswhenTomcamein.湯姆來時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)吃了十分鐘的早飯了。I/we/theyhavebeen+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞He/she/ithasbeen+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示一個(gè)在過去開始而在最近剛剛完畢的行動(dòng)，如：Annisverytired.Shehasbeenworkinghard.Whyareyouclothessodirty?Whathaveyoubeendoing?表示一個(gè)從過去開始但仍在進(jìn)展的行動(dòng)，如：Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.(現(xiàn)在還在下)Jackhasn'tbeenfeelingverywellrecently.表示一個(gè)從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個(gè)階段內(nèi)，重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動(dòng)，如：Shehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為的結(jié)果、影響，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為本身，如：Tom'shandsareverydirty.Hehasbeenrepairingthecar.Thecarisgoingagainnow.Tomhasrepairedit.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有否認(rèn)構(gòu)造、而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)沒有否認(rèn)構(gòu)造。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可表示做完的時(shí)期以及已有的經(jīng)歷、但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)不可以?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的否認(rèn)構(gòu)造在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)有時(shí)也可用否認(rèn)構(gòu)造。如：Sincethatunfortunateaidentlastweek,Ihaven'tbeensleepingatallwell.自從上周發(fā)生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.Hehasn'tbeenworkingformeandIhaven'thasthatmuchcontactwithhim.他并沒有給我工作過，我和他沒有過那許多接觸。主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+been+現(xiàn)在分詞Have/has+主語(yǔ)+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他should/wouldhavedonesth.1、過去將來完成時(shí)表示在過去將來某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，并往往會(huì)對(duì)過去將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。Ithoughtyou'dhaveleftbythistime.我想這會(huì)兒你已經(jīng)走了。Hetoldthemhewouldhavefinisheditby8o'clock.他告訴他們他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)以前干完。IguessedthatHelenwouldhavetoldhersomething.我猜海倫會(huì)告訴她一些情況的。2、過去將來完成時(shí)還常用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反。用于間接引語(yǔ)：Theysaidtheywouldbeing.（他們說了他們將要來。）用于定語(yǔ)從句：Thenewjobhewouldbetakingwasraisingracinghorses.（他將要承受的新工作是養(yǎng)賽馬。）例如：Hesaidhecouldnotebecausehewouldbehavingameeting.（他說他不能來因?yàn)橐_會(huì)。）例如：JohntoldusthatMarywouldbeingnextday.（約翰告訴我們瑪麗第二天來。）用在定語(yǔ)