2019屆甘肅省蘭州市高三一診英語試題（ 含答案解析 ）

第18頁/共18頁2019年蘭州市高三一診模擬試卷英語第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AShareYourCultureEmoji(表情符號)DesignersandWinPrizesWhichsymbolbestrepresentsChinesecultureinyoureyes?Isitthepanda,kungfu,ortheGreatWall?Here’syourchancetodecidewhatemojisbestrepresentChineseculture!TheChinaDailyDesignContestofChineseCulturalSymbolsiscallingforentriesfromallovertheworld!Nomatterthestyle,shareyourcreativeideaswithus!AllwinningdesignswillbesharedandpromotedontheChinaDailyapp,andwinningdesignerswillreceiveprizes!Soletyourcreativejuicesflow!●ThemeTheemojisshouldbecenteredaroundthesubjectofChineseculture,presentingclassicorpopularculturalimagesintheformofemojis.●Whocanparticipate?ProfessionaldesignersDesignenthusiastsAnybodywholovesemojisAllnationalitiesarewelcomed●AwardsFirstprize:6,000yuan,withcertificateofhonorSecondprize:3,000yuan,withcertificateofhonorThirdprize:1,000yuan,withcertificateofhonorMostpopularaward:prize-winnervotedbyonlineuser●Whentosubmit?FromnowtillNov.25Onlinevoting:Nov.26toDec.7●ResultannouncementEndofDecember●Requirements1.Workshouldbesubmittedonlinewithrequiredpersonalinformation.Maximumofthreeworkscanbesubmittedbyeachapplicant.Onlyoneprizewillbeawardedtoparticipantevenifmorethanoneworkbythesamedesignerisselected.2.Submittedworksmustbeagroup,with8to16emojisineachgroup.Formats:jpg/png/gif/jpge.Size:240x240px.Eachpictureshouldnotexceed(超過)100K,andthesizeofeachgroupshouldnotexceed1.6M.3.Worktitle,designingideasandculturalmeaningshouldbesubmittedasrequired.●OrganizerChinaDailyWebsite1.WhichprizeisdecidedbyInternetvoting?A.Firstprize B.SecondprizeC.Thirdprize D.Mostpopularaward2.Whencanaparticipantgettheresultofthedesigncontest?A.OnNov.25 B.OnNov.26C.OnDec.7 D.attheendofDecember3.Accordingtotherequirementsaparticipantcansubmit_________.A.onlyonework B.twoworksatleastC.threeworksatmost D.asmanyworksasheorshelikes【答案】1D2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了中國文化表情符號設(shè)計(jì)大賽的一些情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Awards部分中“Mostpopularaward:prize-winnervotedbyonlineuser.(最受歡迎獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng):由網(wǎng)友投票選出的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺?”可知，，網(wǎng)上投票的是最佳人氣獎(jiǎng)。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Resultannouncement部分中“EndofDecember(十二月底)”可知，該設(shè)計(jì)大賽的結(jié)果將會(huì)在12月底公布。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Requirements部分中“Workshouldbesubmittedonlinewithrequiredpersonalinformation.Maximumofthreeworkscanbesubmittedbyeachapplicant.(作品應(yīng)在線提交，并提供所需的個(gè)人信息。每位申請者最多可提交三部作品。)”可知，每位參賽者至多交三部作品。故選C。BInOctober,Itoldtheeight-year-oldsinthereligionclassIteachinPomptonLakes,NewJersey,aboutmyplan.“I’dlikeallofyoutodoextrajobsaroundthehousetoearnsomemoney,”Isaid.“Thenwe’llbuyfoodforaThanksgivingdinnerforsomeonewhomightnothaveanicedinnerotherwise.”Ihopedtheycouldexperienceasenseoftheirownpowertoeffectchange.EarlyinThanksgivingweek,theyarrivedinclasswiththeirhand-earnedmoney.Andnowtheycouldn’twaittogoshopping.Atlastweheadedtowardthecheckout,pushingacartfilledwithturkeyandallthedecorations.Thensomeonespotteda“necessity”thatsentthemracingapotofchrysanthemums(菊花).Itwasmorereasonabletouseanyextramoneytobuyfood.Afterall,Ipronounced,“Youcan’teatflowers”.Butthechildreninsistedandplacedthepurpleplantintothecart.Anagencyhadgivenusthenameandaddressofaneedygrandmotherwhohadlivedaloneforyears.Soonwewerearrivingatherhouse.Betweenthelaughingandthosepurpleflowers,Iwasn’tsurethatanylessonaboutgivingandreceivingwasgettingthrough.Wefinallypulledupinfrontofasmallhouseinthewoods.Awomanwithatiredfacecametothedoortowelcomeus.Asmylittlegroupcarriedtheboxesoffoodin,sheoohedandaahed-muchtohervisitors’pleasure.WhenAmyputtheplantonthecounter,thewomanseemedsurprised.Shewaswishingitwasabagofflour,Ithought.Thewomantoldthechildrenabouttheanimalsthatlivedcloseby.“Isharemyfoodwiththebirds,”shesaid.Wereturnedtothecar.Aswefastenedourseatbelts,wecouldseethekitchenwindowThewomaninsidewavedgoodbye,thenturnedandwalkedacrosstheroom,pasttheturkey,straighttothechrysanthemums.Sheputherfaceintheplant.Whensheraisedherhead,therewasasmileonherlips.Thechildrenwerequiet.Inthatonebriefmoment,theyhadseenforthemselvesthepowertheypossessedtomakeanother’slifebetter.4.Theauthorgavethestudentsthetaskinorderto_________.A.helpthemfocusontheirfamilyhappiness.B.letthemexperiencetheirabilitytohelpothersC.teachthemthenecessityofdoinghouseworkD.getthemtoknowhowtobefinanciallyindependent5.What’sheauthor’sattitudetobuyingsomeflowersatfirst?A.Positive B.Negative C.Cautious D.Enthusiastic.6.Whatdidthechildrenrealizeattheendofthevisit?A.Theycouldhelpimproveothers’life.B.Theycouldmakealivingbyworking.C.Itwasnecessarytodovoluntarywork.D.Plantsandbirdscouldhelplonelypeople.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MyTeachingCareer B.HowtoHelpPoorPeopleC.TheImportanceofGiving D.AHappyShoppingExperience【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章講述的是作者在當(dāng)老師的時(shí)候，給學(xué)生們布置了一個(gè)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)——用自己掙來的錢幫助他人度過一個(gè)愉快的感恩節(jié)，從而讓學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)幫助別人的重要性?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ihopedtheycouldexperienceasenseoftheirownpowertoeffectchange.(我希望他們能體驗(yàn)到自己帶來改變的力量。)”可知，作者之所以布置該任務(wù)其目的是讓學(xué)生們體驗(yàn)到自己可以幫助他人的能力。故選B。5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itwasmorereasonabletouseanyextramoneytobuyfood.Afterall,Ipronounced,“Youcan’teatflowers”

.(用多余的錢買食物更合理。畢竟，我說：“花是不能吃的?！?”可知，作者最開始不支持買花，因?yàn)楫吘够ㄊ遣荒艹缘?。所以作者對買花的態(tài)度是消極的。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Inthatonebriefmoment,theyhadseenforthemselvesthepowertheypossessedtomakeanother’slifebetter.(就在那一瞬間，他們親眼看到了自己擁有的讓別人的生活更美好的力量。)”可知，這次拜訪結(jié)束后，孩子們意識到他們可以用自己的力量去幫助別人過得更好。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，作者讓學(xué)生們用自己的力量去幫助別人，由此孩子們明白了他們自己可以有力量讓別人過得更好即有給予才會(huì)有收獲，這體現(xiàn)出給予的重要性。故C選項(xiàng)“TheImportanceofGiving(給予的重要性)”符合文章的標(biāo)題。故選C。CFireantstunnelsgotdugefficientlybyonlyasmallpercentageofthegroupdoingmostofthework.Freeloaders,theyjustsitaroundwhiletheirhard-workingcolleaguesgetthingsdone.Butmightfreeloadersactuallybenecessaryforsocietytofunctionefficiently?Theanswercouldbeyes—atleastwhenitcomestofireantsandtheireffortstodignestsunderground.Fireantsarehighlysocialorganisms.So,Goldmanandhiscolleagueswantedtoknowhowindividualantsknewwhattodowithoutacentralleaderissuingorders.Tofindout,Goldman’steamlabeledindividualfireantswithpaintandthenwatchedthemdigtheirtunnels—onlywideenoughfortwoworkers.Turnsout,just30percentoftheantsdid70percentofthelabor.“Iwassurprisedthatweendedupwithsofewworkersactuallydoingtheworkatanyonetime.”Aquarteroftheantsneverevenenteredthetunnel.Otherswentinside,butleftwithoutdiggingoutasinglegrainofdirt.Thesebehaviorsensuredthetunnelsdidnotgetcloggedwithinsecttraffic,whichwouldmaketheconstructionprocessstop.Andwhenthescientistsremovedthefivehardest-workingantsfromthetunnel,othersimmediatelyjumpedintocompensate(補(bǔ)償)—withnoreductioninthegroup’sproductivity.Seemsthatitdoesn’tmatterwhichantsareworkingorfreeloadingatagiventime,aslongasthereissomedivisionoflabortokeepthetunnelsflowingsmoothly.ThefindingsareinthejournalScience.Thestudycouldprovidesuggestionsfortherobotic.Imaginegroupsofrobotssenttosearchforsurvivorsfromtheruins.Ornanobots(納米機(jī)器人)coursingthroughourbodiestodiagnoseillnessanddelivertargetedmedicaltreatment.Suchrobotswillneedtoavoidgettingjammedupintightspaces.Itmightbenecessarytoprogramthemsosomejustsitbackandwatchtheircolleagueswork.8.Howdofireantsgettheworkdonewhendiggingtunnels?A.Theyallworkundertheorderoftheirleaders.B.Onlythestrongantsdothemajorityofthework.C.Theyallcooperatetogetherandsparenoefforttodothework.D.Someworkefficientlywhileothersjustsitaroundanddonothing.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clogged”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Covered. B.Crowded. C.Destroyed. D.Spotted.10.Whenthehardest-workingantsweretakenawaybythescientists_______.A.therestofthemdidn’tknowwhattodoB.theleadershadtodotheworkbythemselvesC.otherantstooktheirplaceandcontinuedtodotheworkD.otherantswereinpanicandescapedfromthetunnelsimmediately11.Accordingtothepassage,theresearchfindingscanbeappliedto_______.A.robottechnology B.socialcommunicationC.undergroundconstruction D.scientificobservations【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究——火蟻群體的生產(chǎn)力高，它們在建穴的過程中只有極少部分的火蟻參加完成大部分工作，而其他火蟻不工作。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可以應(yīng)用于機(jī)器人技術(shù)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Fireantstunnelsgotdugefficientlybyonlyasmallpercentageofthegroupdoingmostofthework.Freeloaders,theyjustsitaroundwhiletheirhard-workingcolleaguesgetthingsdone.(只有一小部分火蟻完成了大部分工作，就能高效地挖掘隧道。其他的火蟻，它們只是坐在那里，而它們努力工作的同事在做事情)”可知，火蟻大部分建巢工作都是由一小部分蟻群來完成的，但是挖掘效率很高，其他火蟻卻什么都不做。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Otherswentinside,butleftwithoutdiggingoutasinglegrainofdirt.(其他螞蟻進(jìn)去了，但沒有挖出一粒土就離開了)”可知，其他螞蟻進(jìn)去了，但是沒有挖出一粒泥土就離開了；以及該段中“whichwouldmaketheconstructionprocessstop.(這些舉動(dòng)從而使施工過程停止)”可知，這樣的舉動(dòng)可能會(huì)使工作停止。由此可知，劃線詞部分表示這些行為確保了隧道不會(huì)被昆蟲堵塞。由此推知，劃線詞的意思為“堵塞”。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Andwhenthescientistsremovedthefivehardest-workingantsfromthetunnel,othersimmediatelyjumpedintocompensate(補(bǔ)償)—withnoreductioninthegroup’sproductivity.(當(dāng)科學(xué)家們把5只工作最努力的螞蟻移出隧道時(shí)，其他螞蟻立即跳入隧道中進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償——這一組螞蟻的生產(chǎn)力沒有降低)”可知，當(dāng)科學(xué)家們把五只工作最勤奮的螞蟻移走時(shí)，其他螞蟻就會(huì)立刻來補(bǔ)償，組織的生產(chǎn)力沒有減少。故選C?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thestudycouldprovidesuggestionsfortherobotic.(這項(xiàng)研究可以為機(jī)器人提供建議)”可知，這一項(xiàng)研究成果可以應(yīng)用于機(jī)器人的技術(shù)。故選A。DTheeffectofclimatechangeextendsbeyondruiningEarth’senvironmentandourphysicalsafety.Areportpublishedthisweeksuggeststhatclimatechangehasanegativeeffectonourmentalhealth,too.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStates(PNAS),linksanincreaseinmonthlytemperaturestoariseinmentalhealthissues.Theexperimentalevidencestemsfrommeteorological(氣象的)datapairedwithinformationcollectedfromnearly2millionrandomlysampledresidentsintheUnitedStates.Thedatawascollectedoverthespan(跨度)ofadecade.“Wefindthatexperienceswithhottertemperaturesandaddedrainfalleachworsenmentalhealth,thatlong-lastingwarmingassociateswithanincreasedpopularityofmentalhealthissues,andthatexposuretotropicalcyclones(熱帶氣旋),likelytoincreaseinfrequencyinthefuture,islinkedtoworsenedmentalhealth,”authorsofthestudystated.“Theseresultsprovideaddedlarge-scaleevidencetothegrowinglinkbetweenclimatechangeandmentalhealth.”Thereportspecificallyfocusedonmentalhealthoutcomesduetotheeffectsofenvironmentalstress-suchastemperature,rainfall,andtropicalcyclones-butotherclimatechange-relatedissuesarelikelytoaffectmentalhealthaswell-specifically,thestressandanxietyofknowingnaturaldisasterscouldbemorefrequentastemperaturesrise.12.Fromthenewly-publishedreport,welearnthattheclimatechangemay_________.A.savealotofpeople’slivesB.causeunbelievabledisastersC.influencepeople’smentalhealthD.greatlychangepeople’slifestyles13.Whydidtheauthormention“thespanofadecade”inParagraph2?A.Tostresstheimportanceofthestudy.B.Toshowthatthestudycosttoomuchmoney.C.Toexplainthedifficultiesandhardshipsofthestudy.D.toindicatethatthestudyisobjectiveandbelievable.14.Wherecanwefindsomespecificresultsofthestudy?A.InParagraph1 B.InParagraph2C.InParagraph3 D.InParagraph415.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thestudyhasitslimits.B.Theresultsofthestudyaren’tsatisfactory.C.Theenvironmentalproblemscan’tbesolved.D.Mentalhealthisdeterminedbyclimatechange.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)氣候變化不僅影響環(huán)境和人們的身體安全，還會(huì)對人們的精神健康產(chǎn)生不良影響?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Areportpublishedthisweeksuggeststhatclimatechangehasanegativeeffectonourmentalhealth,too.(本周發(fā)表的一份報(bào)告表明，氣候變化對我們的心理健康也有負(fù)面影響。)”可知，氣候變化還會(huì)對人們的精神健康產(chǎn)生不良影響。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theexperimentalevidencestemsfrommeteorological(氣象的)datapairedwithinformationcollectedfromnearly2millionrandomlysampledresidentsintheUnitedStates.Thedatawascollectedoverthespan(跨度)ofadecade.(實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù)來自氣象數(shù)據(jù)，以及來自美國近200萬隨機(jī)抽樣居民的信息。這些數(shù)據(jù)是在十年間收集的。)”可知，該項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)來自美國近200萬隨機(jī)抽樣居民的信息并且這些數(shù)據(jù)是在十年間收集的。由此推知，提到該研究的數(shù)據(jù)是在十年間收集的，是為了說明該項(xiàng)研究的客觀性和可信度。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中““Wefindthatexperienceswithhottertemperaturesandaddedrainfalleachworsenmentalhealth,thatlong-lastingwarmingassociateswithanincreasedpopularityofmentalhealthissues,andthatexposuretotropicalcyclones(熱帶氣旋),likelytoincreaseinfrequencyinthefuture,islinkedtoworsenedmentalhealth,”authorsofthestudystated.(該研究的作者表示:“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，氣溫升高和降雨增加都會(huì)惡化心理健康，持久的變暖與心理健康問題的增加有關(guān)，而暴露在熱帶氣旋中，未來可能會(huì)越來越頻繁，與心理健康狀況惡化有關(guān)?！?”可知，第三段介紹了一些具體的研究結(jié)果。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“butotherclimatechange-relatedissuesarelikelytoaffectmentalhealthaswell-specifically,thestressandanxietyofknowingnaturaldisasterscouldbemorefrequentastemperaturesrise.(但其他與氣候變化相關(guān)的問題也可能影響心理健康——具體來說，隨著氣溫上升，自然災(zāi)害可能會(huì)更加頻繁，這種壓力和焦慮會(huì)更加頻繁。)”可知，其他與氣候變化相關(guān)的問題也可能影響心理健康，由此可以推斷，該研究有一定的局限性。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余。Everyfamilygoesthroughitsupsanddowns.Mostoften,therootcauseofthissituationisthelackofcommunication.___16___.Lackofpatiencecanbeoneofthebiggestfactors.Ifpeoplearenotpatientwiththeirparentsorchildrenorothermembers,thelevelsofclosenesswillbeweakened.Anditcanbequitedifficultforabad-temperedchild,orevenabad-temperedparenttodealwiththeproblems.Lackoftimeforfamilymembersisalwaysareasonleadingtotheproblems.___17___.Inordertosurvive,everyonemustfocusalltheirattentiononthework,sotheydonothaveenoughtimetohaveagoodtalkwithothers.Lackofdisciplineistheworstproblemintermsofchildren.___18___.Itisknownthatmostparentswanttocontrolthechildren,eventheirchildrengetolder,whichcanleadtoaconstantlydisharmoniousatmospherewithinthefamily.IfthesolutionstotheproblemsareOK,alltheseproblemscanbeeasilysolved.Iflackofpatienceisoneoftheproblems,obviouslythesolutionistodevelopthevirtueofpatience.You’dbetterhearoutwhatthechildrenhavetosayonacertainmatter,orevenconsultthemabouttheirsignificantideas.___19___.Itwouldbenaturaltoseechildishbehavioroftheyoungermembersofafamilybutitisuptotheelderstocontroltheatmosphereandkeepitcalm.___20___.Theabovearesomeofthemostcommonproblemsthatmostfamiliesface.Soitisimportanttomaintainthebestrelationswithyourfamily,becausefamilyisthestrongestsupportsystemforyou.A.EveryonehasasayineachfamilymeetingB.Bydoingthis,youcanavoidacomingquarrelC.AbadlybehavedchildcanruinthepeaceofafamilyD.theeldershouldtalkthingsoutinsteadofkeepingsilentE.Don’tdiscussthefamilyproblemswhenyou’restillfeelingupsetF.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,allpeoplefacefiercechallengeandcompetitionG.Therearesomecommonfactorsthatleadtocommunicationproblemsinthefamily【答案】16.G17.F18.C19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。家庭關(guān)系的不和諧主要由于家庭成員之間缺乏交流溝通造成的。本文介紹了幾個(gè)導(dǎo)致交流問題的因素以及提出了一些解決問題方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Everyfamilygoesthroughitsupsanddowns.Mostoften,therootcauseofthissituationisthelackofcommunication.(每個(gè)家庭都會(huì)經(jīng)歷起起落落。大多數(shù)情況下，這種情況的根本原因是缺乏溝通。)”，同時(shí)結(jié)合下文的介紹導(dǎo)致家庭成員之間缺乏交流的因素可知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)承上啟下，G選項(xiàng)“Therearesomecommonfactorsthatleadtocommunicationproblemsinthefamily.(在家庭中，有一些常見的因素會(huì)導(dǎo)致溝通問題。)”承上啟下，符合語境。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Inordertosurvive,everyonemustfocusalltheirattentiononthework,sotheydonothaveenoughtimetohaveagoodtalkwithothers.(為了生存，每個(gè)人都必須把所有的注意力集中在工作上，所以他們沒有足夠的時(shí)間和別人好好交談。)”可知，前文應(yīng)該交代導(dǎo)致人們沒有足夠的時(shí)間和別人好好交談的背景。F選項(xiàng)“Withthedevelopmentofsociety,allpeoplefacefiercechallengeandcompetition.(隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，所有人都面臨著激烈的挑戰(zhàn)和競爭。)”引起下文，交代人們沒有足夠的時(shí)間和別人好好交談的原因是人都面臨著激烈的挑戰(zhàn)和競爭。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Lackofdisciplineistheworstproblemintermsofchildren.(對孩子來說，缺乏紀(jì)律是最嚴(yán)重的問題。)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該承接前文，介紹缺乏紀(jì)律會(huì)給孩子帶來怎樣的不良影響。C選項(xiàng)“Abadlybehavedchildcanruinthepeaceofafamily.(一個(gè)表現(xiàn)不好的孩子會(huì)破壞家庭的安寧。)”符合語境。故選C。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文“You’dbetterhearoutwhatthechildrenhavetosayonacertainmatter.orevenconsultthemabouttheirsignificantideas.(你最好聽聽孩子們對某件事有什么意見。甚至可以咨詢他們的重要想法。)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該介紹該建議的效果。B選項(xiàng)“Bydoingthis,youcanavoidacomingquarrel.(這樣做，你可以避免一場即將到來的爭吵。)”承接前文，其中的this指代前文的“傾聽孩子的想法和意見”。故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Itwouldbenaturaltoseechildishbehavioroftheyoungermembersofafamilybutitisuptotheelderstocontroltheatmosphereandkeepitcalm.(看到家庭中年輕成員的幼稚行為是很自然的，但要靠長輩來控制氣氛并保持平靜。)”可知，家庭成員中的晚輩如果有幼稚行為的發(fā)生，長輩們應(yīng)該把事情說出來，由此推知，后文應(yīng)該指出針對這種情況的處理。D選項(xiàng)“theeldershouldtalkthingsoutinsteadofkeepingsilent.(長輩應(yīng)該把事情說出來，而不是保持沉默。)”承接前文。故選D。第二部分語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。BobCharlandusedtoworkasanightclubsecurityguard.Hewasbeatensoseverelyinthe____21____twicebypeoplehe’dkickedoutofthebar,mostrecentlyin2015,andit____22____hisandsevereheadaches.“Mydoctorsaidmybrainlookedasthoughit____23____toa70-year-oldman,”saidCharland.Therewasnowayto___24___hedisease,thedoctorsaid.____25____itwouldtakehislife.HethoughtaboutcontactingDeathWithDignity.Hedidn’twanttobea____26____toanybody,hesaid.Butthen,hereceivedacallfromanadvisoratanunderprivileged(社會(huì)底層的)schoolwonderingifhehadsomeextrabikeshecould____27____.He,infact,didhavesomeextrabikes.“That____28____mythought,”saidCharland.Somepeoplewitha____29____diseasesetoutto_____30_____andseetheworld.Charlanddecidedtodevotewhatevertimehehad_____31_____togivingbikestounderprivilegedchildren.Sincethespringof2017,Charlandhasspentmorethan$1,000ofhisownmoney_____32_____about1,000bikesfor_____33_____.Heworkswithpoliceofficerstohelpdeliverthebikesand_____34_____tolocalschools,adjustseatsandhandlebarsandgivechildrenbicyclesafetylessons.Manyofthechildrenhebringsbikestoliveinhigh-crimeneighborhoods,andtheironlypreviousexperienceswithpolicehavebeen_____35_____,hesaid.Heoftentakesextratimetoconnectwiththemandisnowknowninsomeneighborhoodsas“BobtheBikeGuy”.“Tospendtimewiththesekidsandseetheirsmilesisanamazingfeeling,”saidChardland,“Sometimes,forthefirsttimeinalongtime,theyseethatsomebody_____36_____”HedevoteseveryTuesdaynighttoturningshabbyintofunctioning,prettynoes.Chardlandsaidhethinkshechosebikesasawaytohelpkidsbecausetheyearshe’dspentridingabicycleasaboyinhishometownofAlplaus,NY,wereamongthe_____37_____ofhislife.Hewasraisedbyhisstepfatherwho“workedmanyextrahoursinconstructionto_____38_____thatbike,”Chardlandsaid,“Everykidshouldhaveone.”“Mybrainwillcontinuetoget_____39_____andatsomepoint,Iwilldie,”hesaid,“ButI’mnotthereyet.Whynot_____40_____doingwhatIlove?”21.A.arm B.back C.head D.leg22.A.damaged B.created C.improved D.protected23.A.applied B.belonged C.attended D.turned24.A.face B.find C.tolerate D.cure25.A.Eventually B.Fortunately C.Initially D.Immediately26.A.follower B.burden C.fighter D.winner27.A.buy B.sell C.polish D.donate28.A.changed B.understood C.built D.lost29.A.common B.different C.deadly D.rare30.A.drink B.travel C.live D.work31.A.killed B.saved C.left D.wasted32.A.making B.repairing C.cleaning D.renting33.A.kids B.adults C.parents D.teachers34.A.money B.food C.helmets D.water35.A.exciting B.satisfying C.positive D.negative36.A.cares B.controls C.knows D.teaches37.A.busiest B.darkest C.saddest D.happiest38.A.ride B.afford C.borrow D.return39.A.faster B.slower C.worse D.better40.A.avoid B.forget C.imagine D.continue【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.A26.B27.D28.A29.C30.B31.C32.B33.A34.C35.D36.A37.D38.B39.C40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，當(dāng)鮑勃·查蘭在2017年得知自己腦后有腫瘤時(shí)，醫(yī)生告知他沒有辦法治愈該疾病，最終他會(huì)命喪于此?？墒牵紤]過讓死亡有尊嚴(yán)，也不想成為任何人的負(fù)擔(dān)，于是他最終決定把剩下的時(shí)間都用來做慈善事業(yè)——為貧困地區(qū)的兒童送自行車?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他被踢出酒吧的人兩次嚴(yán)重毆打頭部，最近一次是在2015年，這損害了他的身體，引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的頭痛。A.arm胳臂；B.back后背；C.head頭；D.leg腿。根據(jù)后文的“severeheadaches”可知，他是頭部受傷。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.damaged損壞；B.created創(chuàng)造；C.improved提升，改善；D.protected保護(hù)。根據(jù)后文的“severeheadaches”可知，他被踢出酒吧的人兩次嚴(yán)重毆打頭部，這損害了他的身體。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的醫(yī)生說我的大腦看起來就像一個(gè)70歲的老人。A.applied申請；B.belonged屬于；C.attended出席；D.turned轉(zhuǎn)向。根據(jù)后文“toa70-year-oldman”可知，他的大腦看起來就像一個(gè)70歲的老人。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生說，這種病沒有辦法治愈，最終會(huì)奪去他的生命。A.face面對；B.find找到；C.tolerate忍受；D.cure治愈。根據(jù)后文“itwouldtakehislife.”可知，這種病無法治愈，最終會(huì)奪去他的生命。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.Eventually最終地；B.Fortunately幸運(yùn)地；C.Initially最初地；D.Immediately立即地。根據(jù)“itwouldtakehislife.”可知，該疾病在最終地發(fā)展過程中會(huì)奪去他的生命。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他說，他不想成為任何人的負(fù)擔(dān)。A.follower跟隨者；B.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；C.fighter戰(zhàn)士，戰(zhàn)斗者；D.winner獲勝者。根據(jù)前文“HethoughtaboutcontactingDeathWithDignity.”可知，他想有尊嚴(yán)的死去，不想成為任何人的負(fù)擔(dān)。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在后來，他接到了一所貧困學(xué)校顧問的電話，問他是否有多余的自行車可以捐贈(zèng)。A.buy買；B.sell賣；C.polish打磨，擦亮；D.donate捐贈(zèng)。根據(jù)后文“Charlanddecidedtodevotewhatevertimehehad____11____togivingbikestounderprivilegedchildren.”可知，該學(xué)校是詢問他是否有多余的自行車可以捐贈(zèng)。故選D。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這改變了我的想法。A.changed改變；B.understood明白；C.built建造；D.lost丟失。根據(jù)后文“Somepeoplewitha____9____diseasesetoutto____10____andseetheworld.”可知，他的想法從環(huán)游世界轉(zhuǎn)變成給貧困兒童贈(zèng)送自行車。此處表示他轉(zhuǎn)變了想法。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一些患有致命疾病的人開始旅行，去看世界。A.common普通的；B.different不同的；C.deadly致命的；D.rare稀少的。根據(jù)“disease”可知，此處表示“致命的疾病”用deadly。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一些患有致命疾病的人開始旅行，去看世界。A.drink飲用；B.travel旅行，行進(jìn)；C.live居住；D.work工作。根據(jù)后文的“seetheworld”可知，此處表示開始旅行，去看世界。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：查蘭決定把他剩下的時(shí)間都用來給貧困兒童送自行車。A.killed殺；B.saved拯救，節(jié)??；C.left剩下，留下；D.wasted浪費(fèi)。此處表示他決定把自己剩下的時(shí)間都用來給貧困兒童送自行車。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：自2017年春天以來，查蘭已經(jīng)自掏腰包1000多美元，為孩子們修理了大約1000輛自行車。A.making制作；B.repairing修理；C.cleaning清掃；D.renting租用。根據(jù)后文“about1,000bikes”可知，此處表示查蘭已經(jīng)自掏腰包修理了大約1000輛自行車。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.kids孩子們；B.adults成人；C.parents父母；D.teachers老師。根據(jù)前文“Charlanddecidedtodevotewhatevertimehehad____11____togivingbikestounderprivilegedchildren.”可知，查蘭德決定把他剩下的時(shí)間都用來給貧困兒童送自行車。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他與警察合作，幫助將自行車和頭盔送到當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校，調(diào)整座椅和車把，并給孩子們上自行車安全課。A.money錢；B.food食物；C.helmets頭盔；D.water水。根據(jù)前文的“bike”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該選擇的名詞與自行車并列，此處表示將自行車和頭盔送到當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他說，他帶自行車來的很多孩子都住在犯罪率高的社區(qū)，他們之前與警察打交道的經(jīng)歷都很糟糕。A.exciting令人興奮的；B.satisfying令人滿意的；C.positive積極的；D.negative負(fù)面的，消極的。根據(jù)前文“inhigh-crimeneighborhoods”可知，他帶自行車來的很多孩子都住在犯罪率高的社區(qū)，他們之前與警察打交道的經(jīng)歷是負(fù)面的。故選D。【36題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)候，很長一段時(shí)間以來，他們第一次看到有人關(guān)心他們。A.cares關(guān)心，照顧；B.controls控制；C.knows知道；D.teaches教授。根據(jù)前文“Tospendtimewiththesekidsandseetheirsmilesisanamazingfeeling”可知，孩子們以前生活的地方犯罪率很高，缺少身邊人的關(guān)愛，而有了查蘭的陪伴后，第一次看到有人關(guān)心他們。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：查蘭說，他認(rèn)為他選擇自行車是為了幫助孩子們，因?yàn)樗r(shí)候在家鄉(xiāng)紐約州阿爾普拉斯騎自行車的那些年是他一生中最快樂的時(shí)光之一。A.busies忙碌的；B.darkest最黑的；C.saddest悲傷的；D.happiest幸福的。根據(jù)前文“becausetheyearshe’dspentridingabicycleasaboyinhishometownofAlplaus,NY,”可知，他小時(shí)候在家鄉(xiāng)紐約州阿爾普拉斯騎自行車的那些年是他一生中最快樂的時(shí)光之一。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的繼父“在建筑工地加班加點(diǎn)地工作，才買得起這輛自行車，”查蘭說，“每個(gè)孩子都應(yīng)該有一輛?！盇.ride騎行；B.afford支付的起；C.borrow借；D.return返回，歸還。根據(jù)前文“whoworkedmanyextrahours”可知，查蘭的繼父為了給查蘭買自行車，在工地上加班了很多個(gè)小時(shí)。故選B。【39題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的大腦會(huì)繼續(xù)變壞，在某個(gè)時(shí)刻，我會(huì)死。A.faster更快；B.slower更慢；C.worse更糟糕；D.better更好。根據(jù)后文“Iwilldie”可知，查蘭的狀況會(huì)繼續(xù)變壞。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為什么不繼續(xù)做我喜歡的事呢？A.avoid避免；B.forget忘記；C.imagine想象；D.continue繼續(xù)。根據(jù)前文“ButI’mnotthereyet.”可知，查蘭還沒有走到死亡的地步，所以他會(huì)繼續(xù)做自己熱愛的事。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thousandsofworkersarebusypreparingpavilious（展覽館）andgardensfortheInternationalHorticulturalExibition(世園會(huì))2019inBeijing,asfewerthan30daysremainuntiltheopening.Theexpopark(展會(huì)園區(qū))___41___（locate）atthefootoftheGreatWallinBeijing’snorthwesternYanqingdistrict.Morethan110countriesandinternationalorganizationshaveconfirmedtheir___42___(participate)intheevent,aswellasmorethan120unofficialexhibitors.Exhibitioncurators(管理人)said41outdoorparkswillopento___43___public,including34independent___44___(one),andsevenjointgardens.Sofar,China’s31provincial-levelregions,plusHongKong,MacaoandTaiwan,havebeendividedintoeightexhibitionareasbased___45___theirlocations.Environmentalprotectionisthekeyelementthatprovincialexhibitswillstress.Channelshavebeenbuiltaroundthepark___46___(collect)rainwater.Somespecialstonesfromaroundthecountrywillalsostandonagrandsquare___47___connectsdifferentgardens.ThestonefromJiangxiprovinceisblueandwhite,___48___(represent)thefamousblueandwhiteporcelain（瓷器）oftheprovince’sJingdetown.ThisisthesecondtimeChina___49___(host)ahigh-levelhorticultureexpo.Kunming,Yunnanprovince,hostedtheexpoin1999.Visitorscanenjoymorethan2,500___50___(culture)activitiesthroughouttheexpo.【答案】41.islocated42.participation43.the44.ones45.on46.tocollect47.which48.representing49.hashosted50.cultural【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞稿。在2019年北京即將主辦世園會(huì)前介紹了世園會(huì)的園區(qū)布置，它是中國第二次主辦高水平的世界園藝博覽會(huì)?！?1題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。句子主語Theexpopark與謂語動(dòng)詞locate把……安置在(或建造于)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，主語是動(dòng)作的接受者，所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。由上文可知，Theexpopark已經(jīng)存在了，是現(xiàn)在具有的，時(shí)態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填islocated?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句中動(dòng)詞為confirm，所填詞為其賓語，名詞可以作賓語，且其前面的代詞所有格their，也要修飾名詞，所以要participate的名詞形式，故填participation。【43題詳解】考查定冠詞。所填詞與public組成賓語，public大眾的，公眾的，定冠詞the加形容詞表示表示一類人，可以作賓語。thepublic公眾，民眾。故填the?！?4題詳解】考查代詞。所填代詞指代parks，是復(fù)數(shù)，所以要用ones替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故填ones?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。baseon使建立在……基礎(chǔ)上，固定短語，故填on?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞havebeenbuilt，其后動(dòng)詞collect要用非謂語動(dòng)詞，表示目的，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填tocollect?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句中square后跟限制性定語從句，square是先行詞，指物，定語從句中缺少主語，關(guān)系代詞作主語，故填which?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所填詞為非謂語動(dòng)詞，補(bǔ)充說明前面句子，非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子說明情況同時(shí)存在，要用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填representing?！?9題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。在It[This]?is?the?first/second/…?time＋?that?結(jié)構(gòu)中，that?從句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，句中主語China中國，是一個(gè)國家，第三人稱單數(shù)，故填hashosted?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。所填詞后面activities為名詞，所填詞修飾名詞，形容詞可以修飾名詞，所以要填culture的形容詞形式，故填cultura