四六級(jí)作文講座

大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)考試寫作講座四六級(jí)寫作技巧：作文跑題是寫作的大忌，建議大家在動(dòng)筆前花三五分鐘認(rèn)真審題并列一個(gè)提綱，將思路理清。請(qǐng)參考“六問審題法”：1）什么文體？2）寫作對(duì)象是誰？3）寫作中心是什么？4）寫作重點(diǎn)是什么？5）采用什么寫作角度？6）有無其他要求？3TypesofwritingsExpositoryPersuasiveDescriptiveNarrative4Whatisanexpositoryessay?It……Givesfacts.…Explains.…Givesstepsinaprocess.…Presentsideasinlogicalorderorcorrectsequence.5說明文題型概述1、把對(duì)事理的解釋、闡述自己觀點(diǎn)的文章歸類為說明文，目的在于解釋，在于使人明白，而議論文則是要讀者接受自己的論點(diǎn)或者采納自己的主張；2、從1990年到2008年，歷年六級(jí)作文考題中出現(xiàn)18篇說明文，以對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的分析說理為主，解釋和探討各種社會(huì)問題產(chǎn)生的原因、危害及解決辦法；3、開頭部分交代說明對(duì)象，其定義、背景或現(xiàn)狀，主題段落對(duì)其進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析，描述性質(zhì)、表現(xiàn)、起因、發(fā)展、影響或危害，提出解決辦法可能是主題部分段落或結(jié)尾段落應(yīng)該說明的內(nèi)容。6Whatarethekeywordsthatshowitisanexpositoryprompt?Mostpeopleenjoysometypeofmusic.Thinkaboutyourfavoritetypeofmusicandexplainwhyyoulikethatparticulartypeofmusic.Sometimeseventhebestdriverscangetlostattimes.Explainhowyouwoulddirectalostmantogetbacktotheinterstatehighwayfromyourneighborhood.Tellhowtomakeahamburger.YOUWILLFINDTHESEWORDSINTHEPROMPTEXPLAINorTELLHOW.ExpositoryWritingTopicWritingSituation Yourclasshasbeengiventheopportunitytodesignabrandnewtelevisionshowforchildren.Itcouldbeanewsshow,atalkshow,agameshow,acartoon,oranykindofshowyouwantforchildren.DirectionsforWriting Writeareporttobereadtoyourclassinwhichyouexplainyourideaforthenewchildren’stelevisionshow.Besuretoincludespecificdetailssothatyourclassmateswillunderstandwhatthenewshowwillbelike. Thesamplepapersinthissectionwerewritteninresponsetotheexpositorywritingtopic.Studentnameshavebeenremovedforpurposesofprivacy.ExpositoryPaper2ExpositoryPaper2(pagetwo)AnnotationsforExpositoryPaper2Ideas:2InsteadofdescribingwhattheTVshowwillbelike,thiswriterpresentsaseriesofreasonsforwhyanewsshowisimportant.Thesupportingideas(newscansaveyourlife,newsletsyouknowwhat’shappeningintheworld,newsisagoodreasontobuyaTV)wouldbeappropriateforapersuasiveessay,buttheyseemtopreventthewriterfromfullyexplainingthenatureofthe“newsshowforchildren.”O(jiān)verall,thesupportingideasarevagueandrepetitive.Thepaperlackssufficientinformationabouttheshowtoprovideasenseofcompletenessandaddressreaderconcerns.Intheconclusion,thewriteragaindemonstratesalackofgenreawareness(“that’swhyIdesignanewsshow”).Organization:2Theoverallorganizationalplanisformulaicandnotappropriatetoexpositorywriting.Thewriterrepeatsphrasesfromtheintroductiontostarteachbodyparagraph.Relatedideasaregroupedtogetherinparagraphs,buttransitionsarelimited.Theconclusionrestatesinformationfromtheintroductionandthebodyparagraphs.Style:2Thewordchoiceinthispaperisgenerallysimpleandrepetitive(“Newsshowisgoodthing,”“thatiswhyIsaidnewscansafeyourlife”).Thereisminimalsentencevariety.Thewriterdemonstratessomeaudienceawareness(“Youhavetoknowwhatishappeninginthisentarworld”),buttheoveralltoneisflat.Conventions:1Thepapercontainssevereandfrequentusageerrors(“WhyIhavedesignanewsshow,”“Newscansafesomeonelife,”“Ihavefamilyandfriendinmaneypartoftheworld,”“howtheredoing,”“newsshowisgoodthing”).Therearealsofrequentmisspellings(“reson,”“hurican,”“tander,”“stom,”“waching,”“strages,”“maney,”“exmple,”“entar,”“wach,”“sameting”).Althoughtherearesomecorrectlyformedsentences,therearealsomanyfragmentsandrun-ons.Overall,thewriterlackscontrolofthecomponentsofConventions.ExpositoryPaper3AnnotationsforExpositoryPaper3Ideas:2Thecontrollingidea(HowIwoulddesignatelevisionshowaboutreachingouttopeople)isclear,butonlyminimallydeveloped.Supportingideas(targetaudience,topics,siblings)arelistedbutnotdevelopedwithspecificdetails.Althoughthewritermaintainsfocusontheassignedexpositorytopic,thereisnotenoughinformationtoprovideasenseofcompletenessortoaddressreaderconcerns.(Forexample,onereaderconcernmightbewantingtoknowmoreabouthowcontroversialtopicswouldbehandledappropriatelyforyoungerviewers.)Organization:2Theorganizationalplanisgenerallyappropriatetotheexpositorypurpose,butthereisonlyminimalevidenceofsequencing.Thetwobodyparagraphscouldberearrangedwithoutaffectingthemeaningofthepiece.Ideasinthefirstparagrapharearrangedinameaningfulorder,butideasintheremainingparagraphsarenot.Theintroductioniseffective,buttheconclusionisnot(“thisisallIhavetowriteaboutsoIguesstheseisit.”).Transitionsarerepeated(“Itwould,”“Thiswould.”).Style:2Thetoneofthepaperisflatthroughoutmostoftheresponse,althoughthewriter’scriticalattitudetowardbrothersandsistersisclear.Wordchoiceandsentencestructurearerepetitive;nearlyeverysentencebeginswith“Itwould.”Thereislittlesenseofthewriter’svoiceoutsideoftheparagraphonbrothersandsisters.Thewriterdemonstratesonlylimitedawarenessofaudience.Conventions:2Thewriterdemonstratesminimalcontrolinsentenceformation,usage,andmechanics.Althoughthereareonlytwosentenceerrors(afragmentandarun-on),thereareonlyeightsentencesintheentirepaper.Usageiscorrectbutveryrepetitiveasthewriterusesthesamesimplesubjectandverbforms.Thewriterdemonstratesminimalcontrolofcapitalization,spelling,andformatting(mechanics).Demonstrationofcompetenceislimitedbythebrevityofthepaper.ExpositoryPaper10ExpositoryPaper10(pagetwo)AnnotationsforExpositoryPaper10IdeasScore:5Thecontrollingidea(HowIwoulddesignaquizshowforkids)isfullydevelopedwithsupportingideasthatarerelevanttothewriter’stopicandtheexpositorypurpose.Supportingideas(thecontestants,thecontentofthequestions,thebonusround)arefullyelaboratedwithlogicalexamplesanddetails(thetypesofquestions,howtoearnpoints,theenclosedareainwhichprizestripsareblownbyafan).Theresponsefullyaddressesreaderconcernsbyhelpingthereaderunderstandexactlyhowanepisodeofthequizshowwouldproceed.Organization:5Theoverallorganizationalplanisappropriatetothewriter’stopicandtheexpositorypurpose.Thewritersetsthestagebyexplainingthenecessityofmakinglearningfun.Eachbodyparagraphexplainsbothwhatwilloccurandwhyitwillbeentertainingandeducational.Theconclusionreiteratesthatthisgameshowprovidesaneasier,moremotivatingwaytolearn.Ideasaresequencedlogicallyacrossthepaperasthewritertakesthereaderfromwhatthegamelooksliketothecontentofthegametothecreativewayofdeterminingprizesforthecontestants.Relatedsupportingideasaregroupedtogetherwithinparagraphs.Eachofthewriter’sideasislinkedtoanideathatprecedesit.Style:5Wordchoiceisconsistentlypreciseandvariedthroughoutthepaper(“fundamentalgame,participate,beneficial,comprehensionskills,opportunities,symbolizes,continuousbookword”).Thetechnicallanguageisappropriatetoexpositorywritingandthewriter’stopicofaneducationalgame.Thewriter’sauthoritativetoneissustainedthroughoutthepaperandindicatesanunderstandingofgenre.Thewriterusesavarietyofsentencebeginnings,structures,andlengths.Awarenessofaudienceisalsosustained(“Sincemostkidsdonotenjoygoingtoschoolbecauseofallthestudyingtheymustdoandthecontinuousbookwork,Ihavedevelopedaneasierwaytohelpthemlearn.”).Overall,thewriter’sfullcommandofthecomponentsofStyleisdemonstratedthroughoutthepaper.Conventions:5ThewriterdemonstratesafullcommandofallthreeelementsofConventions.Allsentencesareclearandcorrect.Usageiscorrectandvariedwiththeexceptionofoneunclearpronounreferent(“onwhichtheylanded.”).Mechanicsiscorrectandvariedwithparticularstrengthdemonstratedininternalpunctuation.16Whatisadescriptiveessay?Sensoryimagesareusedtodescribewhatthewritersees,hears,smells,touches,andtastes.Itpaintsacleardescriptionofpeople,places,objects,orevents.17Whatarethekeywordsthatshowitisadescriptiveprompt?Describeyourbedroom.Imaginetellingsomeonewhohasnevervisitedyou.TherearemanytouristspotstovisitinBirmingham.Describeyourfavoriteplace.Youmaywanttotellwhatyouwillsee,hear,smellandhowyoufeelwhenyouarethere.Telluswhatyousee,hear,smell,taste,andfeelonChristmasmorning.YOUMUSTDESCRIBE

ORTELLWHATAPERSONCAN

SEE,HEAR,SMELL,TASTEORFEEL.18Whatisapersuasiveessay?

Youareaskedtoprovesomething.Givereasonswhy.Presentargumentsagainstyourreasons.Showthemtobefalse.TakeastandAskorcallforanaction.19Whatarethekeywordsthatshowit’sapersuasiveprompt?PersuadeaclosefriendtodonatebloodaspartofablooddrivethatyourschoolissponsoringfortheRedCross.Someofyourkidbrothersfriendshavetakenupsmokingandwanthimtostarttoo.Writeaconvincinglettertoyourkidbrothertonottakeupthishabit.WritealettertotheeditorofthenewspapertellingwhycitizensinBirminghamshouldsupportataxincreasebenefitingthelocalpublicschools.YOUWILLNOTICETHEWORDSPERSUADE,CONVINCEORTELLWHYSOMEONESHOULDDOSOMETHING.20Whatisanarrative?Anarrative…Tellsastory.Haschronologicalorder andsequenceof events.Hasaction.Hasconflictsor problems.Hasdialogue.Hascharacters.Hasadefinitebeginning,middleandend.21Whatarethekeywordsthatshowthatthesearenarrativeprompts?

Youandyourfriendfindabigboxthatislabeled“DoNotOpen.”Yourfriendwantstoopenthebox.Writeastoryaboutwhathappensnext.

Tellaboutatimewhenyoumadeaseriousmistake. Twolittlegirlsfoundawalletonthesidewalk.Tellwhathappenednext.

NOTETHEWORDS:WRITEASTORY

orTELLABOUTATIME,or

TELLWHATHAPPENEDNEXT.

作文題目是：HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities提示：（1）目前社會(huì)上有不少假冒商品（fakecommodities）。為什么會(huì)有這種現(xiàn)象？（2）舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對(duì)消費(fèi)者個(gè)人和社會(huì)等的危害。分析如下：1）文體——說明文；2）寫作對(duì)象——假冒商品；3）寫作中心——假冒商品存在的原因及其危害；4）寫作重點(diǎn)——剖析假冒商品的屬性；5）寫作角度——以第三人稱（假冒商品）；6）其他要求——時(shí)間30分鐘，字?jǐn)?shù)120以上。寫作技巧：“起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”結(jié)構(gòu)：“起”就是開端，文章中常指開頭段，有中心句；“承”就是承接，承接上文并加以申述，常指展開部分的討論；“轉(zhuǎn)”就是轉(zhuǎn)折，從另一方面立論，遇到需轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)常用表示“可是”、“然而”的連接詞；“合”就是結(jié)尾，給出結(jié)論，結(jié)束全文，文章中指結(jié)尾段。有時(shí)文章中可能會(huì)沒有“轉(zhuǎn)”，但“合”總是有的。Don’tHesitatetoSay“No”

(起)Saying“No”toothersisoftenquitenecessaryandnatural.(承)Whenweareaskedtohelpbutareunableto,wemaysay“No”withexplanationsofreasonsforourrefusal.(轉(zhuǎn))Butsomepeoplearereluctanttosay“No”whentheyshouldbecausetheydonotwanteithertomakeothersdisappointedorunhappyortoletothersknowoftheirlimitedability.However,theydonotrealizethatnottosay“No”whentheyshouldwillnotonlycausedelayinothers’businessbutalsocauseotherstothinksoonerorlaterthattheyaredistrustfulpersons.(合)Therefore,don’thesitatetosay“No”.英語文章中的起承轉(zhuǎn)合可用連接詞來加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系。在自己的短文中恰當(dāng)?shù)氖褂?，?huì)使文章讀起來邏輯連貫，意義清晰。“起”：atfirst/atpresent/firstofall/firstly/generallyspeaking/aproverbsays/onthewhole/itisclearthat/currently/lately/manypeopleoftenaskthisquestion/ingeneral“承”：forexample/forinstance/forthispurpose/atthesametime/inaddition/indeed/nodoubt/infact/obviously/meanwhile/ofcourse/also/moreover/besides/wemustrecognizethat/similarly/“轉(zhuǎn)”：but/tooursurprise/unfortunately/fortunatelyhowever/ontheotherhand/butitisapitythat/nevertheless/inotherwords/onthecontrary/inthesameway/anyway/afterall/othermayfindthistobetrue,butI…“合”：asaresult/asIhavesaid/atlast/finally/inbrief/inshort/onthewhole/therefore/tosumup/accordingly/aboveall/consequently/eventually/allinall/inaword/inconclusion/ashasbeennoted如何開篇：1．引言部分要引出主題，確立論點(diǎn)。2．正文部分是分析問題。每一個(gè)正文段落一般包括主題句和展開句。主題句一般放在句首，寫成簡單句，句子盡量清楚、簡潔；展開句須圍繞主題句展開闡述，可用列舉法列出相關(guān)事實(shí)和理由，或用舉例法進(jìn)一步說明。寫展開句時(shí)要注意使用銜接詞和短語，必要時(shí)可在最后一句總結(jié)全段的主要內(nèi)容。29Introductionsforexpository,descriptiveandpersuasiveessaysshould….Grabthereader’sattention.Or--Letthereaderknowwhatyou’regoingtotalkabout.Or--Showaplanforwhatyou’regoingtobetalking aboutinthethreebodyparagraphs.Or--Statewhattheaudiencewilllearninthis essay.30SampleIntroduction

AlthoughIhavetakenmanywonderfulvacations,mytripwithmytwobestfriendstoNewYorkCityisoneI’llalwaysremember.Thiswasafantastictripbecauseofthesightswesaw,thepeoplewemet,theplaysweenjoyed,andthelaughsweshared.What’stheplan?What’sthetopic?Eachpartoftheplanwillbedevelopedintoparagraphs.31Introduction Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhatarethegoodandthebadthingsinseventhgrade?Therearegoodthingslikechangingclassesandmorefreedom.Someofthebadthingsareyouhavetostayinschoollonger,youhaveSATtests,andtestsgetharder.StaywithmeasIexplainthegoodandbadthingsaboutbeingintheseventhgrade.(1)主題句TopicSentenceAtopicsentencestatesthemainideaofaparagraph.Itnotonlynamesthetopic(who,what)oftheparagraph,butalsolimitsthetopictooneortwoareasthatcanbediscussedcompletelyinthespaceofasingleparagraph.Thespecificareaiscalledthecontrollingidea.Thecontrollingideaisusuallyindicatedbyasinglewordoraphraseinthetopicsentence.Acontrollingideahelpsawriterbyremindinghimorheratalltimestokeeptothecentralideaasheorshewritesaparagraph.e.g.主題句應(yīng)是可擴(kuò)展句，它既要具有概括性，又要有具體的、標(biāo)明主題導(dǎo)向的關(guān)鍵詞語。Televisionplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Televisioncanplayaneducationalroleinourdailylife.Computersareveryuseful.Computersareusefulinmanyrespects.Computershavealotofuses2023/2/135Example-1Gold,apreciousmetal,isprizedfortwoimportantcharacteristics.

Topic:gold

Controllingidea:twoimportantcharacteristics2023/2/136Inthesupportingsentences,twocharacteristicsareintroduced.Firstofall,goldhasalustrous

有光澤的beautythatisresistanttocorrosion.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofgoldisitsusefulnesstoindustryandscience.2023/2/137Example-2Therearefourseasonsinayear.Topic:SeasonsControllingideas:fourkindsofseasons2023/2/138Example-3Industrializationhasbroughtusmanybenefitsaswellasenvironmentaltragedies.Topic:IndustrializationControllingideas:benefitsaswellasenvironmentaltragedies2023/2/139Example-4Thestudentsintheclasscomefrommanydifferentpartsoftheworld.Topic:ThestudentsintheclassControllingideas:frommanydifferentpartsoftheworld.大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)考試寫作采用最多的文體是說明文與議論文，下面是寫這兩種文章時(shí)的常用開篇句型：（1） Whenitcomesto…,somepeoplethinkthat….Othersthinkthattheoppositeistrue.Thereisprobablysometruthinbothargumentsbut…（2） Whenaskedabout…,themajorityofpeoplesaythat…,butothersregard…as…（3） Thereisageneraldiscussionabout….Thosewhocriticize…arguethat….Theybelievethat….Butpeoplewhoadvocate…,ontheotherhand,arguethat…（4） Now,itiscommonlybelievedthat….Theyclaimthat….ButIwonderwhether…（5） Withthegeneralrecognition…,moreandmorepeoplebelievethat….（6） Inrecentfewyears,thereisasharpincreaseinthenumber…（7） Recentlythereisageneralattitudethat…（8） Oneofthegreatwritersoncesaidthat…,nowmostofusagreewithit.（9） Peopleusedtothinkthat….Inthepast….Butthingsarequitedifferent.（10）Accordingtoarecentrecord,itcanbelearnedthat…(2)展開句supportingsentences要想寫好展開句，一個(gè)常用的方法就是在句子展開之前加以設(shè)問，然后解答。例：Topicsentence:Englishisaninternationallanguage設(shè)問（why）:WhycanwesayEnglishisaninternationallanguage?解答（because）:－becauseEnglishisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.－becauseover70percentoftheworld’smailiswritteninEnglish.－becausemorethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogramsareinEnglish.下面是擴(kuò)展文章主體時(shí)常用的句型：（1） Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanycomplexfactors.Foronething,….Stillanother….（2） Myreasonmaybeexpressedasfollows.（3） Theopinionmaybesupportedbydata….（4） Thereisnobetterillustrationofthepointthantheexampleof…（5） Althoughitiscommonlyheldthat…,itisunlikelytobetruethat…（6） Goodasthisis,…ithasitsowndisadvantages.Foronething,….Foranother,…（7） Thereisabsolutelynoreasonforustobelievethat…（8） Somepeoplesuggestthat….Butwhatthesepeoplefailtounderstandisthat….(3)結(jié)尾句concludingsentence結(jié)尾部分應(yīng)與首段相呼應(yīng)，但要換個(gè)句型或方法來表達(dá)，避免與首段簡單重復(fù)。1） 總結(jié)式① Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelyarriveattheconclusionthat….② Inconclusion,Iwouldliketosaythat…isaquestionthatdeservesspecialattentionfromthepublic.③ Therefore,wecandrawthefollowingconclusions…2)展望式① Obviously,ifwecan’tchangethesituation,thereiseverychancethat…willbeputindanger.② Itishightimethat….Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedoneimmediately.③ Anyway,whetheritdoesusgoodorharm,itiscertainthatitwillundoubtedly….④ Ifwewanttoachieveoursuccess,wecanlearnfromthewordsofBacon….That’stosay,agoodparagraphshouldhaveatopicsentence,inwhichcontrollingideaisveryimportant.Othersentencesintheparagraphshoulddevelopthemainideaandshouldbeorganizedinalogicalmannerandfollowadefiniteplanofdevelopment.Theformationofaparagraphisalsoworthmentioning.Generallyspeaking,acompleteparagraphshouldincludethreeparts:anintroductionsentence,abodyandaconcludingsentence.Butinreality,manyatimethereisnota“concludingsentence”,especiallyoneparagraphinalongstoryoressay.SummaryAR_WritingPractice_2.1ABriefIntroductionWehadawonderfulvacation!(1)Wevisitedmygrandparents’homefortheholiday.(2)Therewemetallmycousins,aunts,anduncles.(3)Weategoodfoodandplayedalot.(4)Wewentshoppingandsightseeing.(5)Ididn’tfeellikecomingback!(6)Sentence(1)isatopicsentence.Thecontrollingideais“wonderful”.Therefore,insentences(2),(3),(4)and(5),theauthordevelopsthiscontrollingideabymeansofprovidingdetails.Thelastsentenceservesasaconcludingsentence.Inthiswayhedevelopsthisparagraphlogically,coherentlyandcompletely.ParagraphDevelopment四六級(jí)作文常見的形式1.立論式2.對(duì)比式3.圖表作文1.立論式: 開篇：第一段(兩句)句子一：寫出文章所要圍繞的大致話題句子二：確立文章主題 論述：第二段(七句)句子三：引出作者持有此觀點(diǎn)的理由句子四：理由1句子五：支持理由1的細(xì)節(jié)1句子六：支持理由1的細(xì)節(jié)2句子七：理由2句子八：支持理由2的細(xì)節(jié)1句子九：支持理由2的細(xì)節(jié)2 總結(jié)：第三段（一句）句子十：總結(jié)句——與文章主題相呼應(yīng)(1)MyViewon…題型:公說公有理，婆說婆有理，許多話題永遠(yuǎn)爭論不休。四六級(jí)寫作考得最多的就是這種題型。例如：1.失敗是常有的事，2.人們對(duì)失敗有各種不同的態(tài)度，3.我對(duì)失敗的態(tài)度。套路1：Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson…Itisheldthat…Butitisalsoheldthat…Thosewhoholdthefirstopinion…Incontrast,thosewhoholdthesecondview…Astome,Iagreewiththelatteropinion.Admittedly,…butthisisnottosaythat…套路2：People’sviews/ideas/opinionson…varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthat…Theyholdthisopinionbecause…However,othersholdthat…Astome,Iaminfavorofthefirst/secondidea.Thefollowingarethereasonsformychoice/personalinclination.First,whileitistruethat…itdoesn’tmeanthat…Besides,…Admittedly,…butthisisnottosaythat…Therefore/Inaword/Allinall,…套路3：Whenaskedaboutatheme,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions…isnoexception.Somepeopletakeitforgranted/think/believethat…However,othersholdthat…AsfarasIamconcerned,I’minfavorofthesecondview.Thereasonsareasfollows.First,thereisanelementtruththat…Therefore,thefirstviewdoesn’tholdwater/cannotbearmuchanalysis/cannotstanduptocloseexamination.Inconclusion…(2)Howto…題型:四六級(jí)考試考過“怎樣才能實(shí)現(xiàn)綠化”、“我是如何克服英語學(xué)習(xí)中所遇到的困難的”、“我怎么為我理想的職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備”等等，這樣的立論式作文可以遵循以下的套路：…Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Firstofall,…Besides,/Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemof…is…Finally,…Thesearenotthebestandtheonlythreemeasureswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakestrongactionsto…(3)Why…題型:四六級(jí)寫作考原因的也比較多，例如，“為什么自行車在中國這樣普及”、“我參加CET－6考試的理由”等等。要說明原因，可用如下兩種套路：套路1：…Therearemanyreasons/causesfor…,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Foronething,…Foranother,…Perhapstheprimereason/causeisthat…Inoneword,…套路2：Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor/contributeto/responsibleforthereasonwhy…,butthefollowingarethemosttypicallones.First,…Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/Inaddition/What’smore,…Mostimportantofall/Aboveall,…Allinall/Inconclusion,…MyViewonDonatingBloodPeople’sviewsondonatingbloodvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthatitisglorioustodonateblood.Theyholdthisviewbecausethosewhoareinurgentneedofbloodcanbesaved.Butothersholdthatitisfoolishforpeopletodonateblood.Intheiropinion,bloodisverypreciousandlosing200mlormoremaydoharmtotheirhealth.Astome,Iagreewiththefirstopinion.Thereasonsofmychoiceareasfollows.First,whileitistruethatlossoftoomuchbloodisdangeroustoone’shealth,itdoesn’tmeanthatdonatingalittlebloodisalsoharmful.Onthecontrary,doctorssaythatdonatingalittlebloodcanpromotemetabolism.Second,therearemanypeoplewhoneedourhelp.Ifmylittlebloodcanpullbacksomebodyonthewaytodeath,willtherebeanythingthatcanmakemeevenhappier?Therefore,donatingbloodisglorious.HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTrafficWiththeboomingofthemotorindustry,thereareanincreasingnumberofvehiclesontheroads.Asaresult,trafficjamsoftenoccur.Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Firstofall,roadsshouldbebroadenedtolowerthedegreeofcongestionandtospeeduptheflowofheavytraffic.Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemofheavytrafficistoopenupmorebusroutestoreducebicyclesandautomobiles.Finally,moreundergroundpassagesshouldbedevelopedsothatpeoplecancommutebymetro.Thesearenotthebestandtheonlythreewayswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatifthegovernmenttakessomeactionstoalleviatethetrafficproblem,allofuscanenjoymorefreetraffic.WhyAreThereSoManyRuralLaborersinShanghai?Nowadays,rurallaborersfloodinShanghai.Menusuallymakealivingbydecoratinghousesforcity-dwellers.Womenusuallyworkintherestaurant,washingbowlsandplates.Someofthemalsoworkinstate-runfactories,undertakingtheworkcity-dwellersareunwillingtodo.Therearemanyreasonsforthissocialphenomenon,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Foronething,perhapstheyareshortofmoneyandwanttoearnsomemoneyinShanghaitocopewiththeirdifficulties.Foranother,theyfinditeasiertomakealivinginShanghaithaninthecountryside.PerhapstheprimereasonisthattheyadmiretheurbanlifeandwanttoliveinShanghaipermanently.Fromtheabove,theruralpopulationisgettingbiggerandbiggerinShanghaiandithascausedserioussocialproblems.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestorestricttheruralpopulationinShanghai.2.對(duì)比式開篇:第一段:(兩句)

句子一：寫出文章所要圍繞的大致話題;

句子二：寫出兩種不同觀點(diǎn)。論述：第二段：（三句） 句子三：寫出正方觀點(diǎn)的理由； 句子四：支持正方理由的細(xì)節(jié)1

句子五：支持正方理由的細(xì)節(jié)2

第三段：（三句）句子六：寫出反方觀點(diǎn)的理由； 句子七：支持反方理由的細(xì)節(jié)1

句子八：支持反方理由的細(xì)節(jié)2總結(jié)：第四段：（兩句） 句子九：明確作者的觀點(diǎn)； 句子十：總結(jié)句—語氣中一觀點(diǎn)相呼應(yīng)，強(qiáng)化主題。（1） AdvantagesandDisadvantagesof…題型事物總是一分為二的。四六級(jí)寫作題目中有許多涉及某一事物的正反兩方面。例如：“運(yùn)動(dòng)的積極因素與消極因素”、“摩托車的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺點(diǎn)”等。凡涉及到利弊的題目時(shí)可用以下的套路：Nowadays,…play(s)animportantpart/rolein…(is/arepopulararoundus).Likeeverythingelse,…h(huán)as/havebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.First,….Besides,….Mostimportantofall,…Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,….Tomakemattersworse/worstofall,…Throughaboveanalysis,Ibelievethattheadvantages/positiveaspectsoutweighthedisadvantages/negativeones.Therefore,…(2)AorB題型人生面臨著許多抉擇，這在四六級(jí)寫作題目中也反映了出來。如：“始終從事一種工作還是經(jīng)常更換工作”、“有選擇的讀書還是博覽群書”。碰到這種“兩者選一”的題目，可運(yùn)用下列套路：套路1：Whenwe/you…,we/youwillbefacedwiththechoicebetweenAandB.beforemakingtherightchoice,we/youhadbettermakeaclosecomparisonandcontrastofthem.Firstofall,A….Also,b….Second,A….Likewise,B….Despitetheirsimilarities.AandBarealsodifferentinthefollowingaspects.First,A….However,B….Besides,A….Onthecontrary,B…Therefore,itdependswhich…we/youshouldchoose.Ifwe/you…,we/youshouldchooseA;butifwe/you…,we/youshouldturntoB.套路二：Whenwe…,itisinevitabletomeetthechoicebetweenAandB.Wewouldberegardedasinconsiderateifwerushedourdecisionwithoutcomparingorcontrastingthem.First/Firstofall/Tobeginwith,bothAandB…A….However,B….Besides/Moreover/Inaddition/what’smore,A….However/Incontrast/Onthecontrary/Ontheotherhand,…Finally,themoststrikingdifferenceisthatA…whileB….Therefore,itisnotdifficulttomakearightchoicenow.ifwe…wewillchooseA;butifwe…wewillturntoB.Inaword,thekeyliesin…

OnComputerNowadays,computersareverypopulararoundus.Likeeverythingelse,computershavebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,theadvantagesandbelistedasfollows.First,computerscancalculate.Theycanmakeworkmoreefficientfortheyhaveahighspeedofcalculation.Besides,peoplecancommunicatewitheachotherbyE-mail,whichcostspeoplelessmoneyandlesstime.Mostimportantofall,computerscreatewidecommunicationaroundtheworld.Peoplecancommunicate