四級(jí)寫(xiě)作(講座版)

1四級(jí)寫(xiě)作2LectureArrangement考核要求大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作困境與對(duì)策四級(jí)寫(xiě)作中如何選詞四級(jí)寫(xiě)作中如何造句四級(jí)作文常用句型四級(jí)寫(xiě)作如何組段歷年作文題型分析寫(xiě)作小結(jié)3一、考核要求四·六級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作考試時(shí)間均為30分鐘，分值占總分的15%。四級(jí)要求考生寫(xiě)出一篇不少于120詞的短文，體材主要有議論文(分為“Topic題型”和“正反觀點(diǎn)題”)應(yīng)用文(主要是書(shū)信)、圖表文等。

。要求能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。寫(xiě)作的內(nèi)容包括日常生活和一般常識(shí)。短文寫(xiě)作部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)思想的初步能力?；疽笏募?jí)考試作文主要看內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言三個(gè)方面。內(nèi)容不跑題分段表達(dá)清楚，語(yǔ)法正確，適當(dāng)使用修辭結(jié)構(gòu)上牢記總分總：先寫(xiě)主題句(TopicSentence)，再寫(xiě)分論點(diǎn)，最后寫(xiě)總結(jié)句(Conclusion)。語(yǔ)言最重要，往往使評(píng)分產(chǎn)生重大差異，語(yǔ)言要模仿和包裝。CET作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1.CET作文題采用總體評(píng)分(Globalscoring，Rewardscores)方法,就總的印象給出分?jǐn)?shù).2.從內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。要考慮作文是否切題,是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語(yǔ)清楚而合適地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語(yǔ)言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。只寫(xiě)一段者：0～4分；只寫(xiě)兩段者：0～9分(按規(guī)定寫(xiě)三段的作文)3.閱卷具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分，每一等都可上下浮動(dòng)一分。各等的具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：字?jǐn)?shù)不足者酌情扣分

字?jǐn)?shù)

110-119

100-109

90-99

80-89

70-79

扣分

1

2

3

4

5

字?jǐn)?shù)

60-6050-59<49

扣分

679如題目中給出主題句,起始句,結(jié)束句,均不得計(jì)入所寫(xiě)字?jǐn)?shù).規(guī)定的內(nèi)容未寫(xiě)全著，按比例扣分。2分----條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

--------------一塌糊涂5分----基本切題。表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

-------------稀里糊涂8分---基本切題。表達(dá)思想比較清楚，文字尚連貫；但語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤較多，其中有少量的嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

-------------馬馬虎虎11分---切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

--------------清清爽爽14分---切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好?；緹o(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

--------------漂漂亮亮例題及例文欣賞ExampleFreeAdmissiontoMuseums?越來(lái)越多的博物館現(xiàn)在免費(fèi)向公眾開(kāi)放,目的是……有人認(rèn)為這樣做會(huì)帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題在我看來(lái)……2分—一塌糊涂條理不清，思想紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。Nowadays,SocialappearedmoremorefreeAdmissionstomuseums.it’sinordertopeoplewastedmoney.Inadition,richinpeople’slifeandincreasemoreknowldegesButsomepeoplethoughtfreeAdimssionstomuseumshavebroughtmuchproblems.Inhand,aplentyofpeoplevisited…5分—糊里糊涂基本切題，表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

Inordertoenrichthecultureofpeople,moreandmoremuseumswereprovidedfreeadmissions.Somebodythoughtitwouldtakesomeproblemslikethat.Thefirst,becauseoffreeadmissionsofMuseumswereattractedalargenumbersofpeoplewhointerestedinallaroundtheworld.Andthosewhotakepartineffectedthetrafficcrowedaroundthemuseums,eventhoughaffectedpeoplewholiveinnexttothemuseumlife…8分—馬馬虎虎基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

Thereisaninterestingandinstructivepicturewhichgoeslikethis:Moreandmoremuseumsarefreeforpeople.Theywantmorepeoplegotomuseums.Butsomepeoplearguethatitmakesometroubleforfreeforpeople.Thereasonistheeconomyofthemuseumswouldbeworsethanbefore.Worstofall,itmaytakeamessformorepeoplecometothemuseums.…11分—清清楚楚切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤

Nowmoreandmoremuseumsarefreewithoutchargetothepublic.Doesthatmakeanysence?Freeadmissiontomusuemshelpsussavemoney,butitalsoencouragesustogotomuseumstolearnsomethingelseandgetmoreknowledge.Thiscontributestoimprovethelivinglevelofthepublic.Itcancertainlyletusknowmoreaboutourcountryandtheworld,whichhasagoodeffectonourdevelopment.Everycoinhastwosides.Itcanalsobringsomeproblems.Forexample,…14分—漂漂亮亮切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順、連貫，基本上無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。Nowadays,moreandmoremuseumsareopentothepublicforfree.Freeadmissionstomuseumswillmotivatepeople’sinterestsinhistory,artsandscience.Inthisway,museumscanprovidepeoplewitheasieraccesstoknowledge,whichisofvitalimportanceforthewholenation.

However,somepeopleholdthatfreeadmissionstomuseumscanbringaboutmanyproblems.Sinceanybodycanenteramuseumwithoutpaying,themuseumcanbeovercrowdedanditwillbeadifficultjobformuseumstomaintaintheircollections.Besides,museumswillfacefinancialproblemssincetheycan’tmakeprofitsfromtheadmissionfee.Duetothedecreaseinprofits,museumshavelessmotivationtoup-datetheircollectionsandout-of-datemuseumscan’tavoidthefatetocloseupinthelongrun.

Inmyopinion,freeadmissionstomuseumsaregoodforthepublic,butontheotherhandtheymayposeproblemstothemuseummanagement.Governmentsshouldprovidehelptomuseumsandguidethemtoservethepublicbetter.高分作文標(biāo)志

1、長(zhǎng)短句交叉；2、會(huì)使用插入語(yǔ)；3、用詞多樣，準(zhǔn)確，形象，盡量使用能夠吸引閱卷老師眼球的閃光詞；4、關(guān)鍵詞換用，切勿老用重復(fù)詞；5、句型使用準(zhǔn)確、地道。17大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文高分技巧首先，卷面一定要清晰、干凈、整潔。不要亂涂亂畫(huà)，若有刪節(jié)，在文字的中間畫(huà)道橫線第二，段落按要求寫(xiě)，要求寫(xiě)幾段就寫(xiě)幾段。一般情況下，中間一段長(zhǎng)，開(kāi)首段和結(jié)尾段較短，讓人第一感覺(jué)就是內(nèi)容充實(shí)。第三，開(kāi)好頭，結(jié)好尾。第四，按要求的字?jǐn)?shù)寫(xiě)，可以比要求的字?jǐn)?shù)稍微多一點(diǎn)。字?jǐn)?shù)少了給人的感覺(jué)是缺乏內(nèi)容，字?jǐn)?shù)太多了，文章顯得繁瑣，閱卷老師心理會(huì)煩，你的分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)受影響。遵循科學(xué)的寫(xiě)作步驟A.審題B.組織素材C.撰寫(xiě)提綱D.行文E.修改與修訂

19三、英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作困境與對(duì)策一、滔滔不絕“意識(shí)流”有一部分考生在考試時(shí)一見(jiàn)到作文題，便感到很對(duì)自己的胃口，覺(jué)得有很多內(nèi)容要寫(xiě)。于是乎千言萬(wàn)語(yǔ)涌上心頭，寫(xiě)著前一句想著后一句。往往前句尚未寫(xiě)完便接上了后一句，辛辛苦苦寫(xiě)了一大堆（甚至有寫(xiě)11個(gè)自然段的）猶覺(jué)余意未盡。結(jié)果令判卷的老師頭疼不己，無(wú)法繼續(xù)往下看。意識(shí)流創(chuàng)作有兩種表現(xiàn)：①自由分段

②語(yǔ)言雜亂21我們不妨把作文的要求量化到每一個(gè)段落：一篇120詞左右的作文一般不會(huì)超過(guò)12句話，把這12句話根據(jù)題目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大約只說(shuō)那么幾句話，絕不多說(shuō)。事實(shí)上往往是說(shuō)得越多，錯(cuò)誤越多。因此，跟著提綱走，每一段不要寫(xiě)得太多，點(diǎn)到為止，見(jiàn)好就收，這才是最穩(wěn)妥的對(duì)策。對(duì)策:22二、真情流露沒(méi)必要考試時(shí)，監(jiān)考老師通常發(fā)現(xiàn)有的考生坐在那里根本就是在玩深沉，他在那里思考人生的偉大哲理；他在那里要想出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，想出一個(gè)理由，想出一個(gè)措施，非要顯得與眾不同。陷入這種境地的考生，顯然犯了一個(gè)根本性的錯(cuò)誤。參考時(shí)間為40分鐘的作文，一般應(yīng)該在35分鐘之內(nèi)完成，再用幾分鐘的時(shí)間檢查語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。不管原因也好，措施也好，某一考生想到的任何一點(diǎn)，很可能命題人早已料到，而且肯定會(huì)被成千上萬(wàn)的考生重復(fù)無(wú)數(shù)遍。因而曾經(jīng)令自己激動(dòng)一時(shí)的想法，在判卷的老師看來(lái)全無(wú)感覺(jué)。規(guī)定式作文的拓展空間本來(lái)就非常有限，所以“真情流露”是沒(méi)有必要的。23對(duì)策：寫(xiě)作的三個(gè)角度：語(yǔ)言第一位；結(jié)構(gòu)第二位；內(nèi)容第三位要求：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，語(yǔ)言卓越，內(nèi)容只要相關(guān)即可24三、用詞貧乏，句式單一

許多考生的作文錯(cuò)誤倒不多，相當(dāng)符合語(yǔ)法要求，但用詞貧乏，過(guò)多使用如moreandmore,Ithink,asyouknow等表達(dá)，并且句子結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單。統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果表明，差的作文中簡(jiǎn)單句多，而好的作文簡(jiǎn)單句少；差的作文從句、連詞、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)的頻率大大低于好的作文；差的作文中關(guān)鍵詞和同義表達(dá)出現(xiàn)的頻率低于好的作文。用詞的豐富和句式的多樣應(yīng)該主要通過(guò)多看好文章，仔細(xì)琢磨好文章中的用詞和句子來(lái)提高。換句話說(shuō)，也就是要從閱讀中學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)作。25對(duì)策:少用垃圾詞匯垃圾詞匯1:help典型例句:I'llhelpyou.替代語(yǔ)accommodateE.g:I"llendeavourtoaccommodateyou.垃圾詞匯2:helpful典型例句:Sthishelpful(tosb)替代語(yǔ)conducive有助于E.gSthisconducivetosb垃圾詞匯3:show典型例句:asitshowsinthepicture替代語(yǔ)betray（流露出）例句：Shestudiedhisface,butitbetrayednothing

26垃圾詞匯4:think典型例句:ithink--------替代語(yǔ)deem(認(rèn)為;相信)

，harbortheideathatE.g.:FrenchandGermanweredeemedessential

垃圾詞匯5:about典型例句:itisabout250timesofthat替代語(yǔ)itisapproximately---垃圾詞匯6:if替代語(yǔ)provided，supposing(conj.假如)E.g.:Theotherbanksaregoingtobeveryeagertohelp,providedthattheyseethathehasaspecificplan.

27四級(jí)寫(xiě)作中如何選詞28ComparetheFollowingSentencesWeshould

use

different

waystogettoknowthesociety.Weoughtto

makeuseof

various

methodstogettoknowthesociety.Wearesupposedto

takeadvantageof

diverse

meanstogettoknowthesociety.29選詞的基本原則盡量用四級(jí)范圍內(nèi)的積極的,活躍的,常用的詞或詞組。盡量用表達(dá)最貼切,最生動(dòng),最有力的詞或短語(yǔ)。盡量用最符合所寫(xiě)話題,所用文體的詞或表達(dá)。30四級(jí)考生在措詞方面存在的問(wèn)題：1、可供“調(diào)遣”的詞匯量貧乏，用詞大部分局限于中學(xué)詞匯。比如，我們一提到“重要的”，大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會(huì)想到“important”這個(gè)單詞，那么提升一下的話就可以想到它的如下同義詞：significant,vital,crucial,critical，etc312、表達(dá)相近意義時(shí)，常重復(fù)用一個(gè)詞，用詞單調(diào)。Eg.Big

=great,large,huge,vast,titanic,enormousetc.32策略

1、調(diào)動(dòng)大學(xué)期間學(xué)過(guò)的更生動(dòng)，更豐富的詞匯表達(dá)意思。Eg.引起、導(dǎo)致Cause,leadto,resultin,bringabout,giverise/birthto332、用具體，生動(dòng)，有針對(duì)性的詞語(yǔ)。Eg.利用Use,makeuseof,make(good,effective,wide,wise,full)useofsth,take(full)advantageof343、文中如需要多次表達(dá)同一詞義時(shí)，以同義詞，近義詞等避免重復(fù)使用同一詞。Eg.適應(yīng)…Adaptto,adjustto,make…fit,getusedto,beaccustomedto35實(shí)例賞析36ComputerandIIneverforgettheveryexcitingdaywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichinterestedmesothatIindulgedmyselfinsearchingalotofusefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyedalotofpleasingclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,feelingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.37ComputerandI

Ineverforgettheexceedinglythrilling(veryexciting)daywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichexertedatremendousfascinationon(interested)mesothatIindulgedmyselfingoogling(search)anarmyof(alotof)usefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyaseaofmelodiousclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,feelingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.

38

Forastart(替換Tobeginwith),wecan,freely,(插入語(yǔ))searchdesiredinformationatanymoment.Littlebylittle,ourknowledgewillbewellenriched,andourhorizonswillbegreatlybroadened(非常精彩的被動(dòng))

Additionally(替換Inaddition/Besides）,wecangethugerecreationsonlinebychatting,playinggames,ordelivering（替換send）

email.39

Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings,inaway,especiallythegrowingviolence,***,pornpictures,AV-filmsemergingonthescreen,whichleadsquietafewnetcitizenstocopying.

40Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings,這個(gè)句子有三個(gè)精彩之處，首先Thereisnodenyingthat這個(gè)句型，還有however作為插入語(yǔ)，functioninthedisserviceof替換doharmtoEmerging代替appearing(fading代替disappearing)Netcitizen網(wǎng)民，屬于精彩用詞

41

Asaclassicproverbgoesthatnogardenhasnoweeds.Computersdoplayapositiveroleinthedevelopmentofpeople'lives,despiteasliceof

unfavorable

impacts.Weshould,therefore,takeadvantageofthefruitsandavoidtheoppositefacet.

42Nogardenhasnoweeds替換EverycoinhastwosidesComputersdoplay，do強(qiáng)調(diào)Positive替換important/good等Asliceof替換apartofUnfavorable替換badImpacts替換effects/influencesWeshould,therefore,takeadvantageof…使用插入語(yǔ)Fruits(而且fruits用的非常形象，merits/virtues)替換advantage(defects替換disadvantage)Facet替換aspect43經(jīng)典替換詞1.people,persons：individuals,characters,folks2.

good：positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，perfect,promising(有希望的)，pleasurable,excellent,outstanding3.bad:dreadful,unfavorable,poor如果bad做表語(yǔ),可以有belessimpressive代替eg.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.454.many:anarmyof,anoceanof,amultitudeof,aseaof,alargenumberof5.some:asliceof,quietafew,several6.think:harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat(因?yàn)槭菚?shū)面語(yǔ)，所以要加that)7.famous:distinguished8.possible:feasible9.thing:affair,business,matter10.sbtakeinterestin:sthappealstosb,sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb11.aspect:facet,dimension,sphere12.notagreewith:frownonsth,

beagainst,disagreewithsth13.want:desire14.about:concerning,regarding4715:moreandmore:increasingly,growing所以當(dāng)修飾名詞時(shí)用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly注意:沒(méi)有g(shù)rowingly這種形式

Eg.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.16.helpful:beneficial,rewarding17.customer:shopper,client,consumer,mon:shared19.getmanybenefits:reaphugefruits20.inmyopinion:frommyownperspective,formypart4821.very:exceedingly,extremely22.cause:giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger23...reasonsforsth:

Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth…24.remember:bearinmindthat25.unnecessary,avoidable:hardlynecessary,hardlyinevitable26.necessary:indispensable27.attractone’sattention:captureone’sattention49真題透析50ParentsandChildren

Ascanbeseenfromthepicture,anoldmaniscrouchingthere.Thefatherisinragswhilethefourchildrenwearexpensiveclothes.Allofhisfourchildrenregardhimasaballandwanttokickhimoff.Thefourchildrenareallgoodgoalkeepersandsuccessfullykeepthefatheroutsidetheirdoors.Thus,thefatherbecomeshomeless.51

Ascanbeobservedfromthepicture,inthecentreofafootballplaygroundiscrouchinganelderlyman，whoisdressed

inrags,while,instrikingcontrast,thefourchildrenwearexpensivenamebrand.Allofhisfourchildrenreckoningwithhimasaballandwanttokickhimoff.Thefourchildrenareallexcellentgoalkeepersandtriumphantlykeepthefatheroutsidetheirdoors.Thus,thefatherturnsouthomeless.

52四級(jí)寫(xiě)作中如何造句

53善用詞組

如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步想到與之同義的詞組，那么文章就會(huì)顯得與眾不同，更具有英語(yǔ)的味道。比如上面所說(shuō)的“重要的”這個(gè)單詞，當(dāng)我們想到important的時(shí)候，如果從語(yǔ)法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會(huì)想到“beofimportance”。因?yàn)椋Z(yǔ)法中規(guī)定：形容詞等于of加這個(gè)形容詞的名詞形式。如果再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過(guò)一個(gè)常用的詞組叫做“playanimportantrolein---”。54句型多樣簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句和復(fù)合句交替使用，靈活使用各種句子結(jié)構(gòu)如：插入語(yǔ)，倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，疑問(wèn)句等。若要寫(xiě)好作文，要寫(xiě)好句子，首先要掌握句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句式變化及句子類型，可通過(guò)對(duì)泛讀課文經(jīng)典句子的背誦提高應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言基本句型的能力。要善于模仿。Imitationisagoodwaytolearn.55適當(dāng)用代替主動(dòng)，這樣能更客觀的反映事實(shí),句子開(kāi)頭不要總是用we/I(比如寫(xiě)結(jié)尾時(shí)不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.)舉個(gè)經(jīng)典結(jié)尾四級(jí)作文的最后一段：Itis,therefore,hightimethatsomeapplicableapproacheswereimplementedbytheserviceindustrylikethat.Thus，itscompetitiveedgewillbesharpenedeffectively.

被動(dòng)句Overthepastcoupleofyears,severalcasesofthefoodscandalhavebeendisclosedonvariousmedia.Promptandstrictmeasuresshouldbetakentoturnbackthiseviltrend.Indeed,oneoutoffivestudentsisestimatedtobeinpossessionofatleastonecreditcard,andthefigureisexpectedtobeonthesteadyincrease.57插入語(yǔ)一種是有兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間引起的成分稱之為插入語(yǔ)第二種是有兩個(gè)半破折號(hào)引起的成分稱之為插入語(yǔ)。Kunming,theSpringCity,isafamoustouristcity.Otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.58比如說(shuō)把副詞、連接詞等，作插入語(yǔ)放在中間，一般放在主語(yǔ)后、動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞前，兩邊分別加上逗號(hào)。如however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入語(yǔ)放在中間，一般放在動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞前，兩邊分別加上逗號(hào)。比如說(shuō)：Otherindividuals,however,taketheattitudethat…

59倒裝倒裝是我們寫(xiě)作中需要用到的。雖然略顯俗套，但是卻是很能滿足閱卷人的主觀感受的。常用的倒裝形式有以下幾種：60Only+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Ex:Onlywhenallofusjoinintheeffortsofeliminatingcheatingatalllevelscanweexpecttohaveacleanersocietyandamorebeautifulfuture.Only+介詞詞組Ex:Onlybyplanninghistimecarefullycanheimproveefficiencyandmakeachievements61否定詞位于句首（hardlywhen;never;notonly---,butalso---;seldom，scarcely,rarely）在我一生當(dāng)中很難遇到這樣的人Ex:SeldominmylifehaveImetsuchakind-heartedman.地點(diǎn)方位名詞位于句首

Ex:Innootherplaceintheworldcanonefindsuchenthusiasmforapplyingforhostingthe2008OlympicGames.62修辭

無(wú)論是漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作還是英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作，修辭其實(shí)非常的重要。它是作者寫(xiě)作功底具體事例地展現(xiàn)。所謂修辭包括比喻、擬人、排比等等。這里僅舉一個(gè)比喻例子，還是拿“重要的”來(lái)舉例。當(dāng)你用完詞組之后，如果你用上下面比喻句子，則文章就會(huì)顯得神采飛揚(yáng)，試比較：63Thebicycleisimportantforus.Thebicycleisofimportanceforus.Thebicycleplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycle,environmentalfriendlyvehicle,playsanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycleisliketheair,water,andsunshineandcannotbepartedwithamomentinourlife.64四級(jí)作文常用句型

65沒(méi)有比…更…的Nothingis+more+形容詞+thanto+V例句：沒(méi)有比接受教育更重要的事。Nothingismorevitalthantoreceiveeducation.66再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)...的重要性也不為過(guò)。~~~cannotemphasizetheimportanceof~~~toomuch.例句：我們?cè)僭趺磸?qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過(guò)。Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch.67不可否認(rèn)的...Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V...例句：不可否認(rèn)的，我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse.

68全世界都知道...Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~例句：全世界都知道樹(shù)木對(duì)我們是不可或缺的。Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous.

69毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的...Thereisnodoubtthat+句子~~例句：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired.

70...的原因是...Thereasonwhy+句子~~~isthat+句子例句：我們必須種樹(shù)的原因是它們能供應(yīng)我們新鮮的空氣。Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair.Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycansupplyfreshairforus.

71雖然...Adj+as+Subject（主詞）+be,S+V~~~

例句：雖然我們的國(guó)家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對(duì)令人不滿意。Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.

{bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一點(diǎn)也不}72愈...愈...The+~er+S+V,~~~the+~er+S+V~~~Moreandmore=anincreasingnumberof例句：你愈努力，你愈進(jìn)步。Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.

73我們絕對(duì)不能...Onnoaccountcanwe+V~~~

例句：我們絕對(duì)不能忽略知識(shí)的價(jià)值。Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.

74該是...的時(shí)候了Itistime+S+過(guò)去式例句：該是有關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣?lái)解決交通問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。

Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems.75可想而知的、明顯的、顯然的Itisconceivablethat+句子

Itisobviousthat+句子

Itisapparentthat+句子例句：可想而知，知識(shí)在我們的一生中扮演一個(gè)重要的角色。Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.76過(guò)去...年來(lái)，...一直...Forthepast+時(shí)間，S+現(xiàn)在完成式...例句：過(guò)去兩年來(lái)，我一直忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingfortheexamination.

77...是值得的Itpaysto+V~~~例句：幫助別人是值得的。Itpaystohelpothers.

78不遺余力的Sparenoeffortto+V

我們應(yīng)該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.

79與...息息相關(guān)becloselyrelatedto~~

例句：做運(yùn)動(dòng)與健康息息相關(guān)。Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth.80令人不滿意Leavemuchtobedesired

例句：我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuchtobedesired.81對(duì)...造成一大威脅Poseagreatthreatto~~例句：污染對(duì)我們的生存造成一大威脅。Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.82盡全力去...doone’sutmostto+V=doone’sbest例句：我們應(yīng)盡全力去達(dá)成我們的人生目標(biāo)。Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.83四級(jí)寫(xiě)作如何組段84一篇完整的作文包括三部分：引言，正文和結(jié)論。又稱：三段論。一個(gè)完整的段落包括三部分：主題句，推展句和結(jié)論句。因此，可以說(shuō)，文章是段落的擴(kuò)展，段落是文章的壓縮。85第一段：[1.現(xiàn)象/現(xiàn)狀說(shuō)明段][2.圖畫(huà)/圖表描述段]第二段：[3.對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)陳訴段][4.利弊說(shuō)明段]

[5.意義闡述段][6.原因列軍段][7.舉例段]第三段：[8.歸納結(jié)論段][9.趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)段][10建議措施段]如何組段四級(jí)作文的三段式結(jié)構(gòu)題型第一段第二段第三段現(xiàn)象解釋型描述現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因表明個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度或闡述個(gè)人做法對(duì)比選擇型表明一方或雙方觀點(diǎn)表明一方的觀點(diǎn)及理由，或指出雙方觀點(diǎn)的不足之處及理由表明個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)或闡述個(gè)人的做法問(wèn)題解決型提出問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題，給出解決方案表明個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)或闡述個(gè)人的做法應(yīng)用文描述事實(shí)闡述事實(shí)表明觀點(diǎn)或提出建議第一句話：現(xiàn)象寬泛的扣題第一句話通式狀語(yǔ)引入

主體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)大家/越來(lái)越多的人

sth.很怎樣/越來(lái)越條件

認(rèn)為有一個(gè)現(xiàn)象1.狀語(yǔ)：a時(shí)間+地點(diǎn)currently/previouslyinChina/inourhighlycivilizedandindustrializedsociety

b條件和伴隨eg：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展WiththedevelopmentofoursocietyWithoursocietydevelopingincreasinglyfaster2.引入：a大家都認(rèn)為Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthat…

b越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為anincreasingnumberofpeoplemaintain/deem/reckonthat…有一個(gè)廣泛的現(xiàn)象awide-spreadphenomenoninthecontemporarysocietyisthat…3.主體：a語(yǔ)法變難be+adj.=beof+n.isofgreat/increasingsignificance、necessity、popularity、help/use/value

b詞變難用以下牛詞進(jìn)行修飾：adv.veryextremelyextraordinarilytremendouslysignificantlyadj.importantvitalessentialprevalentindispensable第二句話引入“由遠(yuǎn)及近”

1.描述身邊事實(shí)可排比或細(xì)分至不同情況；2.過(guò)去對(duì)比現(xiàn)在（問(wèn)題解決型文章專用）inthepast…h(huán)owever，now…；3.舉個(gè)例；4.名人名言（可編造）myprofessoroncetoldusthat…asafamousproverbgoesthat…(3)第三句話中心簡(jiǎn)短、強(qiáng)調(diào)

1.關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，不同的人有不同的看法concerningthisquestion,people’sviewpointsdifferdramatically

2.因此，如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題成了大家關(guān)心的事therefore,howto…h(huán)asbecomeamatterofconcernformany

3.為什么會(huì)有這個(gè)現(xiàn)象呢？大家都關(guān)心其原因whydoes/is…?Everyoneexpressesseriousconcernsforthereasons二段中心句（1）萬(wàn)能二段開(kāi)頭A.Thereareseveralpossiblesolutionsthatcanaddressthisdifficulty或reasonsthatcanbeaccountforthisphenomenon或factorsthatmaygiveriseto/contributetothisconsequenceB.The…acknowledgedbymostpeopleareasfollows（2）二段拓展法（虛實(shí)結(jié)合）eg：Tobeginwith,universitycanprovideuswithknowledgeA針對(duì)詞的拓展：a主語(yǔ)名詞->并列同功能主語(yǔ)aswellasother+主語(yǔ)的屬性或類別eg：universityaswellassomeotheracademicinstitutions；parentsaswellassomeotherrelativesofus；airplaneaswellassomeotheradvancedtransportations

b謂語(yǔ)前加表示“極其、很”等程度深的adv.如considerably、dramatically等

c賓語(yǔ)前加雙adj.如notonlyadj.butalsoadj.B插入句中的拓展：a主語(yǔ)后加同位語(yǔ)1.大家認(rèn)為它是…eg：university,whichpeopleconsideras…2.屬性+功能eg：university,theplaceforeducatethetalentedpeopleb實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前的萬(wàn)能插入語(yǔ)：toalargeextend（很大程度上）；directlyorindirectly（直接或間接地）；asamatteroffact（事實(shí)上）如：computers，toalargeextend，influenceourlife

c賓語(yǔ)后用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句whichcan/may/willeg：knowledge,whichmayassistusinfindingasuitablejob.

結(jié)尾段：1.我的看法/總結(jié)2.雙原因1)我的看法Ithink替換為inmypointofview；whenitcomestome；asfarasIamconcernedInconclusion替換為toconclude；towrapup

2）雙原因（要說(shuō)出具體的、有說(shuō)服力的原因）

1.notonly第一個(gè)原因butalso第二個(gè)原因；2….第一個(gè)原因，meanwhile，第二個(gè)原因，consequently，…

3….thisislargelyduetothefactthat第一個(gè)原因…，butalsobecause第二個(gè)原因…95作文題型分析96論說(shuō)文現(xiàn)象論說(shuō)文正反觀點(diǎn)論說(shuō)文圖表論說(shuō)文97現(xiàn)象論說(shuō)文98現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明文

Nowadays,thenumberof[某種現(xiàn)象]in[某種場(chǎng)合]isontheincrease.Itisestimatedthat[相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)].Whyhavetherebeensomany[某種現(xiàn)象]?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.

Theforemostis[原因一].Besides,[原因二].What’smore,[原因三].Tosumup,themaincauseof[某種現(xiàn)象]isdueto[最主要原因].

Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneuponit.Foronething,[解決辦法一].Ontheotherhand,[解決辦法二].Allthesemeasureswillcertainlyreducethenumberof[某種現(xiàn)象].

99正反觀點(diǎn)論說(shuō)文啟始段

Recently,peopleinincreasingnumberstarttocastlightontheissuethat——.Whilemanypeople,ifnotthemost,takethepositiveviewtowardstheidea/phenomenon，otherpointsofviewcanalsobeheardfromallwalksoflife.Theyinsistthat….主體段

Astheproverbgoes,“Nogardenhasnoweeds”.Inthefirstplace,…Inthesecondplace,…Lastbutnottheleast,…解決段

Confrontingthesituation,itisimperativeforustotakeeffectivemeasuretotackleit.Ontheonehand,strictlawsshouldbemadetopunishthosewho__________.Onetheotherhand,thepublicshouldbeeducated(not)to_______.Onlyinthiswaycanwewitnesstheidealsceneinwhichallthepeoplecanenjoytheirlifetotheutmost.103圖表作文的基本寫(xiě)作要求充分利用圖表中的信息，把握文字和說(shuō)明，找出圖表所要表達(dá)的主題。仔細(xì)分析圖表提供的信息加以比較和歸納，選出具有代表意義的信息。避免過(guò)多引用。通過(guò)對(duì)圖表的分析，進(jìn)行概括性的評(píng)論（變化趨勢(shì)和造成原因）的說(shuō)明，最后得出結(jié)論。104圖表寫(xiě)作也屬于說(shuō)明文的類型，這種文章通常結(jié)構(gòu)是：Paragraph1change(變化)Paragraph2reasonsorimplication(原因或意義)Paragraph3conclusion(effects;implication)(結(jié)論)105慣用表達(dá)和句型Fromthetable/graph,itisobvious/apparentthatthenumberofXXXXhasbeenonthedecline/increaseoverthepastfewyears.Thelastfewyearswitnessedadrastic/dramaticincrease/decreaseinthenumberofhoursthatcollegestudentsspendoncomputers.

106慣用詞匯Table,diagram,graph,chartShow,demonstrate,indicateStatistics,rate,speed,ratio,percentage,figures,(statistical)dataIncrease,decrease,reduce,decline,godown,goup,riseBeontherise/increase,decrease/declineSharply,smoothly,drastically,dramatically,approximately107慣用表達(dá)和句型Afteracarefulanalysisofthedata,wecandrawthefollowingconclusion.Asaresultofcarefulobservationandanalysis,atentativeconclusionasfollowscanbereached.Therapidincreasegrowth/decline/changeofXXXXcanbeattributedtovariousfactors.108書(shū)信作文的格式1091稱呼（salutation）

①正式稱呼：

a.當(dāng)寫(xiě)信的對(duì)象為某團(tuán)體、組織、機(jī)構(gòu)或不知對(duì)方姓名的時(shí)候，一般是這種寫(xiě)法：DearSiror(/)Madam,

b.當(dāng)寫(xiě)信的對(duì)象為某領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、上司、老板或校長(zhǎng)等上級(jí)的時(shí)候，一般是以下這種寫(xiě)法：

DearMr.***（***代表姓）

DearMs.***

DearMrs.***（針對(duì)已婚婦女）

②非正式稱呼：

當(dāng)寫(xiě)信的對(duì)象是朋友或熟人的時(shí)候，一般是這種寫(xiě)法：Dear***（***代表名字，即GivenName）1102主體（body）

要根據(jù)信件內(nèi)容要求來(lái)進(jìn)行細(xì)致劃分——但都講求開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山、不繞彎子，大約寫(xiě)7－8句話即可。一般題目會(huì)要求寫(xiě)三個(gè)信息點(diǎn)，所以針對(duì)每個(gè)信息點(diǎn)可寫(xiě)兩句話，最后寫(xiě)兩句禮貌用語(yǔ)，即可完成整個(gè)信件寫(xiě)作。

1113落款（complimentaryclose）

根據(jù)寫(xiě)信的對(duì)象不同，也劃分為兩大類：

①正式稱呼：

a.當(dāng)寫(xiě)信的對(duì)象為某團(tuán)體、組織、機(jī)構(gòu)或不知對(duì)方姓名的時(shí)候，一般是這種寫(xiě)法：Yoursfaithfully,

b.當(dāng)寫(xiě)信的對(duì)象為某領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、上司、老板或校長(zhǎng)等上級(jí)的時(shí)候，一般是這種寫(xiě)法：Yourssincerely,

注意：在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中習(xí)慣寫(xiě)為：Sincerelyyours,

但四級(jí)英語(yǔ)對(duì)此不做如此細(xì)致的區(qū)分，即寫(xiě)上述三種任一即可。

112②非正式稱呼：當(dāng)寫(xiě)信的對(duì)象是朋友或熟人的時(shí)候，一般是以下這種寫(xiě)法：

Kindregards,

Bestwishes,

當(dāng)然還可以有更多的寫(xiě)法，如：Withbestwishes,或Allthebest,但常用的為以上兩種。4簽名（signature）

根據(jù)英語(yǔ)樣題，一律要求寫(xiě)LiMing113書(shū)信作文

第一段只寫(xiě)兩句：第一句：Iamwritingthislettertodayto…第二句：Mynameis…andIam…

第二段按照題目要求寫(xiě)：

第三段只寫(xiě)三句：第一句：Isincerelyhopeyoucantakemyletterseriously.第二句：Yourpromptresponsewillbehighlyappreciated.第三句：Thanksalotforyourtimeandconsideration.

114應(yīng)用文萬(wàn)能模板115建議信

Dear

，

Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning

.Inthefirstplace,Iwouldliketosaythankyouforthehelpandeverythingelseyouhavebeenofferingtous.Meanwhile,Ialsowanttomakesomeadvicetobetter

.

Firstly,wehavefoundthat

.Secondly,wewantto

.Finally,wehopethat

.

Iamlookingforwardstoyourconsiderationaboutmyproposals.Thanksinadvanceforthat.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing116道歉信

Dear

，

Muchtomyregret/IamterriblysorrythatIamunableto

.ItismainlybecauseatthattimeIwillbefulloccupiedby

whichisquiteoutofmyexpectation,andthatconflictswithyour

.ThereforeIamforcedtoadjustmyscheduleandcannotmakemypresenceonyour

.Isincerelyhopethatyouwillenjoyagoodtime.Bytheway,canwehavedinnertogethersometimenextweek?Ihopetoseeyousoon.

IamreallysorryagainandItrustthatyouwillunderstand.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing117感謝信

Dear

，

Onbehalfof

,Iwouldliketoextendourmostsinceregratitudefor

.Weappreciategreatlyyouraidinnotonly

,butalso

.

Itissaidthatyour

thatwecouldenjoysuchawonderfultrip/arriveatsuchsplendidachievements,andwewillneverforgetyourpainstakinglaborandfullcooperation/warmhospitality.

Withthisletterwewouldalsoliketoformallyinviteyouto

,sothat

.WElookforwardstohostingyou

.

Withpersonalregards.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing118申請(qǐng)信

ToWhomItMayConcern,

Iwouldliketoapplyforthemaster’sprogramin

departmentofyouruniversity,ano