狀語從句專題

高考一輪復習之語法專題AdverbialClauses

狀語從句復合句名詞性從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句定語從句狀語從句I.定義在復合句中作狀語用的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。引導狀語從句的一般為連詞，也可有詞組。狀語從句可以在句首，也可在句中或句末。1.Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(

)3.Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()9.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.()時間地點原因目的結果條件讓步方式II.分類比較引導時間狀語從句的連詞：

1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（時間狀語從句）1.when/while/as2.before/after/since3.till/until4.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute…,ondoing…h(huán)ardly….when,nosooner….than5.time名詞短語：bythetime,everytime,thefirsttime等。when/as/while用法辨析when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以引導一個持續(xù)性動作，也可以引導一個短暫性動作，可用于主句動作和從句動作同時發(fā)生，也可用于從句動作先于主句動作發(fā)生。e.g.Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時間點)e.g.Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時間內).e.g.Whenthefilmended，thepeoplewentback.

When可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時，這時”，相當于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：Sb.wasdoingsomethingSb.wasabouttodosth.Sb.haddonesth.

when…注意Iwasdoinghomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.Iwasabouttodohomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.Ihaddonehomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.when/as/while用法辨析While意思是“當……的時候”或“在某一段時間里”。引導的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側重主句動作和從句動作相對比。如：e.g.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.e.g.Hefellasleepwhile(heis)reading.e.g.Strikewhiletheironishot.(while意思是“趁……”).e.g.Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.（表對比，“然而”）when/as/while用法辨析as

表示“當……的時候”，但它著重強調主句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生?？勺g為“一邊……，一邊……”或“隨著……”e.g.ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時)e.g.Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時)e.g.Astimewenton/by,hegrewup.5）ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,______,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.whileafter：“在…之后”用作conj.&prep.e.g.Afterhefinishedhiswork,heleftthere.Hefinishedhisworkbeforeheleftthere.

Afterfinishinghiswork,heleftthere.before/since的用法before做連詞,可以表達“還未…就；不到…就；趁…；還沒來得及….;才…..”體會下列句子中before的含義：Wehadsailedfourdays

before

wesawland.Pleasewriteitdown

before

youforgetit.Before

theyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.有關before的固定句式：Itwillbe+時間+before…過多久才.Itwas+時間+before…過了多久就….了.Itwon’tbelong+before…不久之后才會…Itwasn’tlongbefore…不久之后就…了試著翻譯如下句子：e.g.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnstoEngland.e.g.Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.since從句的謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)性動詞，其時態(tài)若為一般過去時，主句多用_____時態(tài)1)Ihaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.2)IhaveworkedheresinceIgraduatedfrom

theuniversity.完成固定句型：“Itis+時間段+since從句”e.g.Itis(hasbeen)twoyears

since

hecamehere.肯定句：否定句：e.g.Hewaited

until/tillhismothercameback.e.g.Hewillnotgotobeduntil(till)hismothercomes.until(till);not…until一直...為止，主句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞直到…才…，主句謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞強調句和倒裝用法：Itisnotuntilhismothercomeshomethathewillgotobed.Notuntilhismothercomeshomewillhegotobed.注意：till不能用在句首assoonas/immediately/directly/instantly

themoment/theminute/thesecond1)Assoonasshegothome,shebegantocook.Ongettinghome,shebegantocook.（介詞）2)Directly

the

master

came

in,

everyone

was

quiet.The

young

lady

rushed

into

the

room

immediately/instantly

she

heard

the

noise.3).The

moment/theminute/thesecondhe

reached

the

country,

he

started

his

search.

4)注意:hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than也可以表示“一…就…”,其時態(tài)搭配為“hardly/scarcely與nosooner引導的句子謂語動詞用過去完成時，when與than引導的句子謂語動詞用一般過去時。nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首，應用倒裝語序。如：e.g.Hardly

hadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.他一聽到這個消息,就暈了過去.Nosooner

had

heheardthenewsthan

hefainted.everytime,eachtime:每次...Everytime/eachtimeIcome,heisreading.引導原因狀語從句的連詞：

2.AdverbialClausesofReason

（原因狀語從句）because,since,as,nowthat,for1)because語氣最強，用來回答why提問，可用在強調句型中。e.g.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.2)since語氣比because弱，表示關系上的自然結果，一般譯成“既然，鑒于”（往往放于主句之前）e.g.Sincenooneisagainstit,let’scarryouttheplan.（既然沒人反對,…)3)as語氣最弱，只說明一般的因果關系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后）e.g.Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalkingtoday.4)

nowthat用來說明一種新情況，然后加以推理，nowthat放于句首時，that可省略。e.g.Now(that)everybodyishere,let’sbegin.5）for它只能置于主句之后，for是并列連詞。對前面主句的內容加以解釋或推斷時，e.g.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.

1)_______youareill,I’llgoalone.2)Itrainedlastnight,____thegroundiswetthismorning.3)Itwas___________hewasillthathewasabsent.4)Thecardidn’tstopnot______thefuelwasusedup.5).---Whatmadehimsoupset?---______hisbike.A.LosingB.BecausehelostC.BecauseoflosingD.LostSinceforbecausebecauseA小試牛刀引導條件狀語從句的連詞：

3.AdverbialClausesofCondition條件狀語從句if/unlessas/solongasonceonconditionthatincaseif1)Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.2)Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.Workharder,oryouwon’tsucceed.Workingharder,youwillsucceed.Unless=ifnote.g.Wecan’twritetoMaryunlessshetellsusheraddress.as/solongase.g.IwillnevergiveuplearningaslongasIlive.e.g.Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.oncee.g.Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.onconditionthat（條件是）e.g.We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.incase(萬一）e.g.You’dbettertakeyourraincoatwithyouincaseitrains.4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地點狀語從句）

where,whereverWherethereisawill,thereisaway.Thereareflieswhereverthereisdirt.醫(yī)生建議他住在空氣清新的地方。Thedoctorsuggestedheshouldlivewherethereisfreshair.（地點狀語從句）Thedoctorsuggestedheshouldliveintheplacewherethereisfreshair.（定語從句）5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的狀語從句）

sothat/inorderthatTheysetoutearlysothat(inorderthat)theymightarrivethereintime.Theysetoutearlyinorderto(soasto)arrivethereintime.6.AdverbialClausesofResult（結果狀語從句）

so…that…,such…that…1)ItissogoodastorythatI’llneverforgetit.ItissuchagoodstorythatI’llneverforgetit.itissogoodastory____Iwillneverforget.2)such+adj.+名詞+thatclause3)so+adj./adv.+thatclause4)so+many/few+復數名詞+thatclausemuch/little+不可數名詞as7.AdverbialClausesofComparison（比較）

as…as,notas(so)…as,more/-er…than,less…than1)Hedoesn’tworksohardasyoudo.2)ThereisasmuchinkinbottleAasinbottleB.3)Themoreyouworry,thelessyou’llsucceed.4)Goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal.8.AdverbialClausesofConcession(讓步)although/though,everif/eventhough即使,whenever(Nomatterwhen),as/though,while盡管,whether…ornot不管……都

1)although與though引導讓步狀語從句不能與but連用,但可以與yet連用。e.g.Althoughtheyarepoor,(yet)theyarewarm-hearted.

2)_____Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.（04江蘇）

A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.UnlessA3)as引導讓步狀語從句，必須用倒裝；though可以不用倒裝．e.g.Tiredas/thoughtheywere,LucyandLilystayeduplate.Thoughtheworkisdifficult,we’llfinishitontime.4).Whenever(Nomatterwhen)youcometoourcountry,youwillbewarmlywelcomed.e.g.Wherever(Nomatterwhere)hegoes,healwaysbringstwobod