中國新一代人工智能科技產業(yè)發(fā)展報告

告究ProfessorGangLiu,borninFebuary1965,chiefeconomistofChineseInstituteofNewGenerationerWriters 摘要P1AbstractinChinese AbstractP6Abstract PIntroductionandResearchMethods P17Five-yearReviewofArti?cialIntelligenceTechnologyIndustryDevelopment P23Arti?cialIntelligenceEnterprisesP25(一)創(chuàng)建時間EstablishmentTimeP26(二)地域分布GeographicalDistributionP28(三)員工規(guī)模EmployeeSizeP28(四)營業(yè)總收入和市值arketValueP30(五)投融資情況InvestmentandFinancingP33(六)技術層次分布TechnologicalLayerDistributionP33(七)核心技術分布ologyDistributionP35(八)研發(fā)活動ResearchandDevelopmentActivitiesP41P43P46P51P53P55P65P79P81P84P86P87tionEcosystemofChinasArticialIntelligenceTechnologyIndustryworkStatisticalAnalysisofTechnicalPartnerships人力資本oreHumanCapitalInvestmentandFinancingRelationshipsTechnologySystemEvolutionlicationAreasIntegrationofArti?cialIntelligenceandEconomy (一)核心產業(yè)部門和融合產業(yè)部門CoreIndustrialSectorandIntegrationrialSector (二)第二產業(yè)的智能化TechnicalCooperationofArti?cialIntelligenceintheSecondIndustry (三)第三產業(yè)的智能化TechnicalCooperationintheTertiaryIndustryImpactofSocialValuesontheDevelop-mentofArti?cialIntelligenceTechnologyIndustryinChina告A 摘要BSTRACT展科技產業(yè)的發(fā)展不僅創(chuàng)造新的社會生產力和激活歷次工業(yè)革命積累的社會生產力發(fā)展?jié)摿?，而且為追求共同富裕和發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了條件。關鍵核心技術研發(fā)而開展的創(chuàng)新活動，目的是培育未來產業(yè)和構建保障產業(yè)國際競爭力持續(xù)提升的自主可控技術人工智能領域的深科技創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)活動的主體不僅包括政府主導的研究型大學和科研院所，而且包括新型平。人02的分布看，包括15家國家級人工智能開發(fā)創(chuàng)新平臺在內的新型平臺屬于度數(shù)中心動人工智能和實體經(jīng)濟的融合發(fā)展。技創(chuàng)新為導向的新型平臺在人工智能和實體經(jīng)濟融合發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。度數(shù)中心度排名前列03告北京航空航天大學和中國科學院在內的高校和科研院所，是中國2200家人工智能骨干企業(yè)基礎研究和核心人力資M應用場景。04告他電子中的技術合作關系占比增長明顯。Arti?cialintelligencebelongstoGeneralPurposeTechnologyandInclusiveTechnology.Developingproductivelthetechnologysystemthatensuresthecontinuousimprovementofinternationalcompetitivenessofindustries.DepthoftheChina,inthefaceoftheUStechnologyblockageandtheimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemic,hasmadesigni?cant0506progressinarti?cialintelligencetechnologyandindustry,whichisdrivenbyDepthTechnologyinnovation.Thedevel-opmentofthearti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryisnotonlymanifestedbytheexpansionofthescaleofcoreindustrialsectorsbutalsobytheacceleratedintegrationofarti?cialintelligenceandtheeconomyandsociety.ThekeydrivingforcesandmechanismsforthedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryincludethetop-leveldesignandstrategicguidanceofthecountry,theactiveresponseoflocalgovernments,theecologicaldevel-opmentofindustrialinnovationledbynewplatforms,thecollaborativeinnovationofgovernment,industry,university,researchanduser,andtheintelligenttransformationofindustry.ThefoundationofAIDepthTechnologyinnovationandentrepreneurshipisbasicresearchandhigh-endtalenttraining.The“New-generationArti?cialIntelligenceDevelopmentPlan”clearlystatesthatitisnecessarytoimprovethedisciplinelayoutinthe?eldofarti?cialintelligence,setuparti?cialintelligencemajors,andpromotetheconstructionof?rst-leveldisciplinesinthis?eld.OnJanuary13,2021,theAcademicDegreesCommitteeoftheStateCouncilapprovedtheestablishmentoftheinterdisciplinarycategory(disciplinescode:“14”),whichconsistsofthe?rst-leveldisciplinesof“IntegratedCircuitScienceandEngineering”(disciplinecode:“1401”)and“NationalSecurity”(disciplinecode:“1402”).EighteenuniversitiesinChina,includingTsinghuaUniversityandPekingUniversity,havebecomethe?rstbatchof?rst-leveldoctoraldegreeprogramsinintegratedcircuitscienceandengineering.ByMarch2022,atotalof440collegesanduniversitiesacrossthecountryhavesetuparti?cialintelligenceundergraduatemajors;248collegesanduniversitieshavesetupintelligentscienceandtechnologyundergraduatemajors;and387generalcollegesanduniver-sitieshavesetup“arti?cialintelligencetechnologyservice”majorsinhighervocationaleducation(juniorcollege).BasedonwhethertheymainlyprovideR&Dandservicesforthedevelopmentofthearti?cialintelligencetechnolo-gyindustry,thisreportshowsthatatotalof347newarti?cialintelligenceinnovationorganizationsarefound,includingZhejiangLab,PengchengLaboratory,andShanghaiArti?cialIntelligenceLaboratory(PujiangLaboratory).Thenewinnovativeorganizationsnotonlyhavethefunctionsofbasicresearchandapplicationdevelopmentbutalsohavethefunctionsofmarketing,achievementtransformation,businessincubation,andtalentcultivation.Throughthecultiva-tionofinnovationecology,thenewinnovativeorganizationssmooththeinnovationcyclebetweenbasicresearch,applicationdevelopment,andlarge-scaleproduction,andacceleratethecommercializationofarti?cialintelligencebasicresearchresults.07告Newplatforms,including15national-levelarti?cialintelligenceopeninnovationplatforms,playakeyroleintheDepthTechnologyinnovationprocess.Ontheonehand,thenewplatformcarriesoutcutting-edgetechnologyresearchthroughself-reliantinnovation;ontheotherhand,itextensivelyempowersindustrialdevelopmentthroughtheconstructionofindustrialentrepreneurshipecology.Atthesametime,thebreakthroughsmadebystart-upsinkeyandcoreAItechnologies?eldsalsoconstituteanimportantdrivingforceforDepthTechnologyinnovation.Di?erentfrombusinessmodelentrepreneurship,DepthTechnologyentrepreneurshipinthe?eldofarti?cialintelligencehasthefollowingcharacteristics:?rst,extensiveparticipationofscientists;second,thecontinuoushighinvestmentofventurecapital;third,theconvergenceofinterdisciplinary,cross-organizational,cross-industrial,andcross-regionalscienti?candtechnologicaltalents;fourth,ahighdegreeoffocusonthekeyandcoretechnologiesinthedevelopmentofarti?-cialintelligencetechnologyindustry;?fth,activelycultivatetheinnovationecology.Basedontherelationshipdataof2,200keyAIenterprisesinthreedimensionsoftechnology,humancapital,andinvestmentand?nancing,thisreportconstructedadynamicvaluenetworkmapofthedevelopmentofChina’sAItechnologyindustry.In2021,thetotalnumberofnodesofthevaluenetworkreached58,800,andthenumberofrelationshipsreached119,044.From2014to2021,thetotalnumberofnodesofthevaluenetworkincreasedby1.77times,andthenumberofrelationshipsincreasedby27.62times.Thechangesintheaverageclusteringcoe?cientandaveragepathlengthindexofvaluenetworkfrom2014to2021indicatethatChina’sAItechnologyindustryhasshownasigni?cantincreasingreturne?ectsince2017.Fromthedistributionofdegreecentralityofvaluenetworknodes,thenewplatforms,including15nationalarti?-cialintelligencedevelopmentandinnovationplatforms,belongtothenodetypeswiththehighestdegreecentrality,andaretheleaderinthedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry.Toadapttotheexpansionofapplicationscenarios,newplatformscontinuetopromotetheintegrationofarti?cialintelligenceandtherealecono-mybyconstantlygeneratingverticalbusinesssub-platforms.Inthevaluenetworktechnicalpartnershipfrom2014to2021,therelationshipnumberoftechnologyempower-mentgrewrapidly,andthegapbetweentherelationshipnumberoftechnologyinputandtechnologyempowermentwaswidened.Therelatively?atgrowthrateoftherelationshipnumberofforeigntechnologyinputandforeignempow-ermentcomparedtotherelationshipnumberofdomestictechnologyinputanddomesticempowermentindicatesthat08since2017,China’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryhasgraduallyreduceditsdependenceonforeignkeyandcoretechnologies.Fromtheperspectiveofthetop-rankedcompaniesinthedegreecentralityoftechnicalpartnership,since2017,newplatformsorientedbyDepthTechnologyinnovation,includingHuawei,AlibabaCloud,Baidu,andTencent,haveplayedanincreasinglyimportantroleintheintegrationanddevelopmentofarti?cialintelligenceandtherealeconomy.Thenationalarti?cialintelligenceopeninnovationplatforms,infrastructureserviceproviders,andkeytechnologydevelopersrankedamongthetopindegreecentralityaretheleadersofDepthTechnologyinnovationinthe?eldofarti?cialintelligence.Fromtheperspectiveofthetop20relationshipnodesinthevaluenetworkdegreecentrality,universitiesandresearchinstitutes,includingTsinghuaUniversity,PekingUniversity,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,BeihangUniversity,andtheChineseAcademyofSciences,arethesourcesofbasicresearchandcorehumancapitalof2,200keyarti?cialintelligenceenterprisesinChina.Multinationalarti?cialintelligenceenterprisesrepresent-edbyMicrosoft,Intel,IBM,Qualcomm,andNvidiaconstituteanimportantpartoftheinnovationecologyofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry.Traditionalindustrialenterprisesandgovernmentagencies,includingChan-ganAutomobileandChinaUnionPay,arethemainempowermentpartiesofarti?cialintelligenceenterprises,providingrichapplicationscenariosforthewideapplicationofarti?cialintelligence.Inthecorehumancapitalof2,200keyarti?cialintelligenceenterprises,15.04%ofthemgraduatedfromforeignuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes,and84.96%fromdomesticuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes;while6.49%ofthemgainworkingexperiencefromforeignenterprisesandinstitutions,and93.51%gainfromdomesticenterprisesandinstitutions.Whetheritisfromthepreviouslearningexperienceorworkexperience,thecorehumancapitalneededforthedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustrymainlycomesfromdomesticuniversities,scien-ti?cresearchinstitutions,andenterprises.Atthesametime,foreignuniversities,researchinstitutions,andenterpriseshavealsomadeimportantcontributionstothedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryinthecultivationofcorehumancapital.InthedevelopmentofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry,thetopteninvestmentinstitutionsareSequoiaCapitalChina,IDGCapital,MatrixPartnersChina,ShenzhenCapitalGroup,FortuneCapital,ZhenFund,09告HillhouseCapital,LegendCapital,ShunweiCapital,and5YCapital.Thetoptennon-investmentinstitutionsareTencent,Lenovo,Baidu,Alibaba,JD.com,Xiaomi,Qihoo360,Haier,AntFinancial,andiFLYTEK.Inparticular,thenewplatformcontinuouslyoptimizesanddevelopstheplatform-ledindustrialinnovationecosystembyinvestinginstart-ups.ThetechnicalsystemofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryincludes17categoriesoftechnologiesincludingbigdataandcloudcomputing,InternetofThings,5Gtechnology,intelligentrobots,computervision,autono-mousdriving,intelligentchips,intelligentrecommendation,virtual/augmentedreality,speechrecognition,blockchain,biometrics,optoelectronictechnology,naturallanguageprocessing,spacetechnology,human-computerinteraction,andknowledgegraphs,constitutingacomplextechnologysystem.InthedistributionoftechnicalpartnershipsinChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustryin2021,thetoptechnologycategorywasbigdataandcloudcomput-ing,accountingfor47.53%;thesecondplacewastheInternetofThings,accountingfor11.37%;thethirdwas5Gtechnology,accountingfor7.26%;thefourthand?fthwereintelligentrobotsandcomputervision,accountingfor6.66%and4.40%respectively.Since2017,5G,intelligentchips,autonomousdriving,biometrics,naturallanguageprocessing,andblockchainhavebeenthetechnologycategorieswithahighergrowthrateintechnicalpartnership.Inparticular,the5Gtechnology,intelligentchips,andautonomousdrivinghavebeenthemostactivetechnology?eldsinDepthTechnologyinnovationandentrepreneurshipinrecentyears.Asageneralpurposetechnology,arti?cialintelligencetechnologyempowermentiswidelydistributedin19appli-cationareas.Amongthem,thetopsix?eldsin2021wereenterpriseintelligentmanagement,smartcity,intelligentmarketingandnewretail,intelligentmanufacturing,intelligentconnectedvehicle,andintelligent?nance,accountingformorethan50%.Amongthem,intelligentmarketingandnewretail,intelligentmanufacturing,intelligentconnectedvehicle,smarteducation,smartculturaltourism,andsmartagriculturehavebeentheapplicationareaswiththerapidgrowthinthenumberoftechnicalpartnershipssince2017.The2,200keyarti?cialintelligenceenterprisesconstitutethecoreindustrialsectorofthearti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry,andtheintegrationindustrialsectorconsistsoftraditionalindustryenterpriseswithwhichthesampleenterpriseshavetechnicalpartnerships.In2021,intheAItechnicalpartnerships,29.10%ofthepartnerswereenterpriseswithinthecoreindustrialsector,and70.90%ofpartnerswereenterprisesandinstitutionsintheintegrationindustrialsector.Accordingtothechangesintheproportionoftechnicalpartnershipbetweenthetwoindustrialsectorsfrom2014to2021,thetechnicalpartnershipbetweencoreindustrialsectorsandintegrationindustrialsectorswasdominantinthedevelopmentprocessofChina’sarti?cialintelligencetechnologyindustry,withtheproportionincreas-ingfrom68.24%to70.09%.In2021,intheproportionoftechnicalpartnershipsbetweenthecoreindustrialsectorandthethreeindustries,thetertiaryindustryranked?rst,accountingfor76.85%;thesecondwasthesecondaryindustry,accountingfor22.74%;thethirdwastheprimaryindustry,accountingforonly0.41%.Uptonow,theintegrateddevelopmentofarti?cialintelli-genceandtherealeconomyhasmainlybeendistributedinthetertiaryindustry.Withtheinnovativedevelopmentofthenewgenerationofinformationtechnologyincluding5G,thedeepintegrationofarti?cialintelligenceandthesecondaryindustry,especiallythemanufacturingindustry,willbeaccelerated.In2021,amongthetechnicalpartnershipsbetweenthecoreindustrialsectorandthesecondaryindustry,themanufacturingindustryranked?rst,accountingfor88.01%;thesecondplacewastheelectricity,heat,gas,andwaterproductionandsupplyindustry,accountingfor5.67%;thethirdplacewastheconstructionindustry,accountingfor5.05%;thefourthplacewastheminingindustry,accountingfor1.27%.From2014to2021,theproportionofarti?cialintelligencetechnicalpartnershipsinthemanufacturingindustryincreasedyearbyyear,from85.82%to88.01%.In2021,intheproportionofarti?cialintelligencetechnicalpartnershipsbetweencoreindustrialsectorsandvarioussectorsinthemanufacturingindustry,thecomputer,communication,andotherelectronicequipmentmanu-facturingindustriesranked?rst,accountingfor30.86%;thesecondplacewastheautomobilemanufacturingindustry,accountingfor24.84%;thethirdplacewastheelectricalmachineryandequipmentmanufacturingindustry,accountingfor8.57%;thefourthand?fthplaceswerespecialequipmentmanufacturingandgeneralequipmentmanufacturing,accountingfor6.57%and3.89%respectively.Thetop?vemanufacturingindustriesbelongedtotheequipmentmanu-facturingindustry.Amongthem,from2014to2021,theautomobilemanufacturingindustrywasthemanufacturingindustrywiththefastestgrowthintheproportionofarti?cialintelligencetechnicalpartnerships.In2021,amongthearti?cialintelligencetechnicalpartnershipsbetweenthecoreindustrialsectorandvarioussectorsinthetertiaryindustry,theinformationtransmission,software,andinformationtechnologyservicesranked?rst,accountingfor28.46%;thesecondwasthescienti?cresearchandtechnicalserviceindustry,accountingfor告21.25%;thethirdwasthe?nancialindustry,accountingfor10.95%;thefourthand?fthplaceswereleasingandbusinessservices,wholesaleandretail,accountingfor10.89%and9.06%respectively.From2014to2021,thepropor-tionoftechnicalpartnershipsofarti?cialintelligenceinscienti?cresearchandthetechnicalserviceindustryincreasedsigni?cantly.Asthecoreengineofthefourthindustrialrevolution,arti?cialintelligencehasdualattributesofgeneralpurposetechnologyandinclusivetechnology.Ontheonehand,arti?cialintelligenceleadstheall-rounddevelopmentoftheeconomyandsocietythroughextensiveempowerment;ontheotherhand,withthepopularizationofnetworkinfrastructureandintelligentterminalequipment,arti?cialintelligencecanempowereverymemberofthesociety,createmorefaireducationalopportunitiesandmoreentrepreneurialandemploymentopportunities,andturnthepossible“digitaldivide”into“digitaldividend”.Whetherthecommercialandsocialvalueofarti?cialintelligencetechnologycanbefullyrealizeddependsnotonlyonthetechnologyitselfbutalsoonthesocialsystem.DengXiaopingproposedthat“theessenceofsocialismistoliberateanddevelopproductiveforces,eliminateexploitationandpolarization,and?nallyachievecommonprosperity.Thesocialistsystemcreatesconditionsforthedevelopmentofadvancedproductiveforcesofarti?cialintelligence.”UnderthestrategicguidanceoftheChinesegovernment,arti?cialintelligencetechnologyinnovationandindustrialdevelopmentshowastrongersocialmissionorientation,creatingnotonlycommercialvaluebutalsosocialvaluethroughextensiveempowerment.Thedevelop-mentofarti?cialintelligenceinChinacannotonlyleadoveralldevelopmentoftheeconomyandsociety,butalsocontributetotheconstructionanddevelopmentofacommunitywithsharedfutureformankind.告人工智能產業(yè)園區(qū)人工智能產業(yè)園區(qū)引言和研究方法告還做出積極貢獻。。樣本類別樣本類別基礎層技術層人工智能骨干企業(yè)應用層總計AI大學303大學和科研機構非大學科研機構123人工智能政府政策657數(shù)量3732200人工智能產業(yè)聯(lián)盟781投資者(投資機構和非投資機構)5272析屬性數(shù)據(jù)的同時，重點采集和分析樣本節(jié)點和關系節(jié)點之間三告IVE-YEARREVIEWIVE-YEARREVIEWOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCETECHNOLOGYINDUSTRY的加速融合。經(jīng)濟高質量發(fā)展的關鍵。告所高校成為全國首批集成電路科學與工程一級學科博士學和底層技術開發(fā)領域的布局取得一系列成果。近力和機制。于基礎研究和底層技術研發(fā)的科學和技術創(chuàng)新活動，目的是構建培育未來產業(yè)和保障產業(yè)國際競爭力持續(xù)提升的自出，、業(yè)之間的產學研合作成為推動人究型大學和科研院所在內的傳統(tǒng)創(chuàng)新組織難以適應人工智能技術體系變革的需要，具有平臺屬性的新型創(chuàng)新的前沿。包括兩種類型：一類是2017年之后創(chuàng)建的專門從事人工智能基礎研究和關鍵共性技術研發(fā)的新型創(chuàng)新組織。20小企業(yè)的成長。樣構成了深科技創(chuàng)新浪潮的重要力量。在深告AI提供服務。其中，為新一代信息技術產業(yè)提供研發(fā)服務的機構數(shù)量占比為征：一是科學家的廣泛參與和產學研深科技創(chuàng)新的重要推動者。傳統(tǒng)制造企業(yè)，尤其是龍頭更多地聚焦在智能裝備領域。產品的智能化和生產的智能化帶動了智能機器人技術創(chuàng)新和難題。2122告ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEENTERPRISES.00% 人工智能企業(yè)[5] RTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEENTERPRISES EstablishmentTime2200家人工智能企16.00%告早業(yè)主導者。 GeographicalDistribution業(yè)創(chuàng)建的時間主要集中在科技創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)業(yè)活動不斷增加，成為人工智能科技。0%。展戰(zhàn)略研究院智能經(jīng)濟數(shù)據(jù)庫10,000家基礎樣本數(shù)據(jù)庫的基礎上，通過動態(tài)數(shù)2529.64%29.64%.95%京津冀長三角珠三角川渝其他2200家人工智能骨干企業(yè)主要分布在京津冀、長江三角洲和珠江三角洲三大都市圈，占比分別為顯高于京津冀地區(qū)。26在國內主要城市中，人工智能企業(yè)分布密集的城市是北京市、深圳市、上海市和廣州市，占比分別為49.24%21.83%8.63%在國內主要城市中，人工智能企業(yè)分布密集的城市是北京市、深圳市、上海市和廣州市，占比分別為49.24%21.83%8.63%0.00%20.30%10.00%20.00%30.00%1.57% (三)員工規(guī)模EmployeeSize40.00%2.14%2.14%1.00%1.00%0.50%0.45%0.45%0.36%0.32%0.32%0.32%0.27%0.18%0.14%0.14% SalesRevenueandMarketValue0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%30.00%0.00%5.00%10.00%30.00%271.企業(yè)融資規(guī)模分布18%200-3008.64%1.企業(yè)融資規(guī)模分布18%200-3008.64%0圖5列出了197家人工智能上市公司營業(yè)總收入分布情況。其中71.57%的企業(yè)營業(yè)總收入小于40億元， InvestmentandFinancing0%60.00%70.00%(單位：億人民幣)302930110384.285.5110384.285.5268.4176.7143.71115.091.7287.6867.4356.0937.2736.5531.1823.0022.6822.6216.356.825.753.230.730.500.00331402天津市海南省福建省上海市江蘇省貴州省河北省32312.地區(qū)融資總額分布模告3.地區(qū)平均融資規(guī)模分布[11] 17.96.535.755.745.415.104.664.453.783.552.602.502.451.881.622.41.308170.00120.00140.00160.00006000800010000120001400016000圖91485家人工智能企業(yè)平均融資規(guī)模地域分布(單位：億人民幣)圖81485家人工智能企業(yè)所在省市自治區(qū)融資規(guī)模(單位：億人民幣)告 TechnologicalLayerDistribution從人工智能企業(yè)技術層次分布看，深科技創(chuàng)新的商業(yè)化提供技術集成和基礎層技術層應用層 理塊鏈2.09%1.82%1.05%0.91%05.64%5.50%4.82%4.32%5.45%3.64%2.41%64%%%42.55%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%35.00%40.00%45.00% CoreTechnologyDistribution33處理%%5%83.68%5%5%5%%1.531.23%1%0.00%5.00%10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%35.00%圖12326家基礎層和技術層人工智能企業(yè)的核心技術分布341.研發(fā)強度3 2..64%1.研發(fā)強度3 2..64%0.00%5.00%10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%3500%40.00%. ResearchandDevelopmentActivities公司名稱公司名稱研發(fā)強度公司名稱研發(fā)強度匯頂科技天智航-U54.53%每日互動25.98%虹軟科技恒生電子35.85%大唐電信24.32%安博通中望軟件33.11%藍盾股份21.60%金山辦公奇安信-U29.51%遠光軟件20.94%深信服景嘉微27.14%卓易信息19.64%國民技術品茗股份ST網(wǎng)力三六零同花順37.98%34.90%31.44%26.23%27.65%24.72%24.08%21.09%20.58%74.56%3536告2.研發(fā)人員占比3.專利數(shù)%2%20.81%5.89%0.00%5.00%10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%4.1%%58.53%0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%)為3738告20.00%30.00%20.00%30.00%%基礎層20.54%66技術層20.15%應用層59.32%應用層59.32%0平均專利占比術術30.00%30.00%403940告中國人工智能科技產業(yè)創(chuàng)新生態(tài)ValueNetwork圖202019年價值網(wǎng)絡圖告圖212021年價值網(wǎng)絡圖圖182014年價值網(wǎng)絡圖圖19圖182014年價值網(wǎng)絡圖5.4495.2020.0050.0080.7750.74240.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%100.00%4.7670.7010.015的累計節(jié)點數(shù)量2021220056595588001190442.0252.025140.6720.0174.607告刻地影響著中國人工智能科技產業(yè)發(fā)展的結構和方向。圖22度數(shù)中心度冪律分布特征圖平均平均平均聚類系數(shù)路徑長度6.688201521973266834865442221.2681.268150.860.0036.4046.269201722013746839669565881.4271.427170.8110.0045.804節(jié)點總數(shù)總邊數(shù)平均度樣本節(jié)點總數(shù)關系節(jié)點總數(shù)網(wǎng)絡直徑模塊化平均加權度0.8770.0030.8370.004年份 StatisticalAnalysisofTechnicalPartnerships1.技術輸入和賦能關系比較1.技術輸入和賦能關系比較。[14]從節(jié)點總數(shù)和邊(關系)數(shù)的比較和動態(tài)變化可以清晰地看出，2200家人工智能骨干企業(yè)具有越來越強的技術賦能力和術賦能范圍。0技術輸入技術賦能，XXXX0技術輸入技術賦能，XXXX告2014年2015年2016年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年02014年2015年2016年2017年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年技術輸入國內X國外2.技術合作關系節(jié)點度數(shù)中心度2.技術合作關系節(jié)點度數(shù)中心度10000數(shù)中心度排名前五的節(jié)點分別是阿里云、華為、阿里巴巴、百度和騰訊。2017年度數(shù)中心度排名前五的節(jié)點分XXXXX0XXXXX0XX2014年2015年2014年2015年2016年2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年47國內47國內X國外48排名12015阿里云(139)2017華為(408)2019華為(1639)2021華為(5548)排名12015阿里云(139)2017華為(408)2019華為(1639)2021華為(5548)排名12015微軟(42)2017英特爾(118)2019英特爾(269)2021清華大學(437)告2華為(124)騰訊(322)騰訊(1064)騰訊(2715)3阿里巴巴(105)阿里云(327)騰訊3阿里巴巴(105)阿里云(327)騰訊云(744)京東(1782)4百度(104)阿里巴巴(277)阿里云(661)百度(1669)5騰訊(92)百度(273)百度(660)阿里云(1629)6中國長城(72)華為云(168)京東(599)中國移動(1214)7京東(67)騰訊云(197)阿里巴巴(546)華為云(1171)8特斯聯(lián)(64)京東(193)華為云(525)騰訊云(1171)9捷通華聲(63)中興通訊(167)中國移動(504)中國電信(1059)2英特爾(41)清華大學(95)清華大學(218)英特爾(432)微微軟(153)高通(248)微軟(77)34清華大學(22)英偉達(47)高通(105)微軟(231)10中興通訊(59)特斯聯(lián)(143)中國聯(lián)通(486)中國聯(lián)通(1049)中中興通訊(1048)中國電信(154)中國電信(477)中國電信(55)12信息工程(54)螞蟻金服(122)中興通訊(450)阿里巴巴(915)今日頭今日頭條(101)云從科技(359)萬國數(shù)據(jù)(54)釘釘(842)14新華三(48)捷通華聲(87)特斯聯(lián)(324)新華三(657)云云從科技(562)螞蟻金服(48)優(yōu)必選(294)云知聲(93)16奇安信(47)中國移動(87)中國平安(272)特斯聯(lián)(561)螞蟻螞蟻金服(249)科大訊飛(482)德潤科技(46)中國聯(lián)通(89)18展訊通信(41)展訊通信(98)云知聲(211)用友(477)拼多拼多多(463)新華三(69)云知聲(37)小米(191)20數(shù)字政通(37)滴滴出行(78)今日頭條(184)小米(454)49(174)北京大學(16)英偉達(95)56高通(14)高通(40)IBM(74)浙江大學(154)7哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(12)浙江大學(36)上海交通大學(73)北京大學(153)8上海交通大學(10)北京大學(34)浙江大學(66)上海交通大學(146)上上海交通大學(23)上海市政府(10)北京大學(63)英偉達(138)910英偉達(9)哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(20)長安汽車(49)中國科學院(95)中國信通院(47中國信通院(47)中國信通院(20)上汽集團(95)亞馬遜(7)12北京航空航天大學(7)中國銀聯(lián)(19)亞馬遜(43)浪潮(88)中國科學院(40中國科學院(40)中國信通院(7)戴爾(17)14