非謂語動詞難點透視不定式

非謂語動詞難點透視

——動詞不定式不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

時態(tài)與語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式進行式完成式完成進行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------動詞不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.

主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補作主語Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.當(dāng)今掌握一門外語真的很重要。2.放棄吸煙是對的。作賓語Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。2.他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。作表語MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英語。2.眼見為實。作定語Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么要說的嗎?2.Betty是第一個知道這真相的人

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth作狀語Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的狀語.原因狀語.結(jié)果狀語作賓補Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在這兒。2.請允許我介紹Mr.White給你們。

PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.高考進行時------動詞不定式考點

Ithinkthebestthingyoushoulddois_________anotherjob.A.lookingforB.lookedforC.lookfor

D.tolookfor一、做表語二、做定語1.I’mgoingtothesupermarket.Haveyougotanything_________?A.boughtB.tobeboughtC.tobuyD.beingbought2.–Whydoyoulooksad?--Therearesomanyproblems________.remainingtosettleB.remainedsettlingC.remainingtobesettledD.remainedtobesettled不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾的名詞之后3.Everystudentinourclasshadanapplicationforminhis/herhand,butnooneknewwhichoffice________.A.tosendittoB.sentC.sendingtoD.senttowhich和不定式連用相當(dāng)于一個縮短了的定語從句，例如：Shemusthavetimeinwhichtogrowcalm.Shehassomemoneyinthebank,withwhichtohelphermother.Heonlyhadlongnightsinwhichtostudy.三、做狀語1.Australianshavetopreventdingoes______theirsheepandcattle.A.fromprotectingB.toprotectC.protectingD.toprotecting2.Whichdoyouenjoy_______yourholiday,goingabroadorstayingathome?A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件等。3.Lily’smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never______again.A.tofindB.tobefoundC.findingD.beingfound4.–Whathappenedtoyouonyourwaybacktothehotellastnight?--Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,________thingsworse,itbegantopour.A.makingB.tomakeC.havingmadeD.make四、做賓補Thestudentsareforbidden,unlesstheyhavespecialpasses,_________afterelevenp.m.A.tostayoutB.fromstayingoutC.stayingoutD.nottostayout五、做賓語Tompretended_______it,butinfact,heknewitverywell.A.notlistentoB.nottohearaboutC.nottohaveheardaboutD.nottolisten六、構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語1.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper________inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbed2.Heisknowntobehonest.3.Shewastoldtostayathome.4.HewasknowntohavetakenmoneyfromGermans.5.HeissaidtohavedeclaredthatVoltairewashisGod.6.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.7.MissWhiteissupposedtobegoingwithme.如果主要謂語所表示的動作（或情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在進行，這時，不定式就要用進行式。不定式的進行式1.Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver.2.Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.3.Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo.4.Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.5.Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.6.Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.(狀語)7.It’sniceofyoutobethinkingofus.(主語)

不定式的完成式1.Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.(Itissaidthathehaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.)2.Theenemywasreportedtohavesurrendered.(Itwasreportedthattheenemyhadsurrendered.)3.Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.(Itseemedthatshehadalreadyheardaboutit.)4.Youareluckytohavegotticketstotheconcert.(=Youareluckythatyouhavegotticketstotheconcert.)5.I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.

(=I’msorryIhavegivenyousomuchtrouble.)6.Shewasverygladtohavedonesomethingforthepeople.7.Hepretendednottohaveseenme.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。不定式的被動形式1.Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2.SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3.Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.4.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.5.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.6.Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?7.Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.Let’stranslate1愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_______________arebothgreathappiness.2中國人民決不會征服。TheChinesepeoplerefuse_________________3據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。Heissaid__________________________.4根據(jù)報道他們已安全到達。Theyarereported____________________Toloveandtobelovedtogivein/beconqueredtohavefinished/completedhisworktohavearrivedsafely5我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。Iwantthisbike___________________________.6瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)告訴這件事了。Maryseemed_____________________________.7眾所周知，奧運會上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown________________agoldmedalattheOlympic.toberepairedatonce/immediatelytohavebeentoldaboutittohavebeengivenLet’swrite

我長大后想當(dāng)一位護士。/醫(yī)生/老師我的工作就是照顧好病人。/但怎么能做一位出色的護士呢？我需要努力學(xué)習(xí)。Topic1MydreamIwanttobeanursewhenIgrowup.MyjobistolookafterthepatientsButhowtobeanexcerllentnurse?Ihaveto/needtostudyhard.保護環(huán)境人人有責(zé)。我們要告訴人們不要再砍伐樹木了。我們要分發(fā)廣告叫人們不要再把污水倒進河里了我們要叫人們循環(huán)再用紙。Topic2howtoprotecttheenvironmentToprotecttheenvironmentiseveryone’sduty.=Itiseveryone’sdutytoprotecttheenvironmentWeshouldtellpeoplenottocutdownthetreesanymore.Weshouldhandoutadvertisementstotellpeoplenottopourwastewaterintotheriveranymore.Weshouldaskpeopletorecyclepaper.直擊高考作文LastThursday,wehadaclassmeetingtodiscusswheretogoforourspringouting.Wecameupwithseveralchoicessuchasgoingboating,climbingamountain,andgoingtoanamusementpark.Finally,wedecidedtogomountainclimbing.

Thenextday,wesetoffearlyinthemorning.Whileclimbingthemountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.However,whenreachedthetop,wewereshockedtoseelitterhereandthere,suchasbottlesandbananapeels.Thenwestartedtopickupthelitter.Afterwards,weputtherubbishintothenearbyrecyclingbinandnon-recyclingbinrespectively.Weweretiredbuthappy.一、考查動詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成

[試題精選]1.Mymotheroftenasksme________early.(2003年北京)

A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup2.Theteachertoldherstudents______inpublic.(2003年黑龍江)

A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshoutDA

[考點分析]動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式,不受人稱和數(shù)的變化限制,它由“不定式符號(to)+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。其否定式常在to前加not或never構(gòu)成,句型ask/tellsb.（not）todosth.是命題的熱點。二、考查動詞不定式作主語[試題精選]1.________isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.(2002年甘肅省)

A.thisB.ItC.ThatD.Its2.It'snice________you________mewithmymaths.(2002年深圳市)

A.for;tohelpB.for;helping

C.of;tohelpD.of;helpingBC

[考點分析]動詞不定式作主語時,常用it作為形式主語,而將不定式后置。如要說明動詞不定式的動作的執(zhí)行者,可在不定式前加一個介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語;但如果表語是kind,nice,clever等描述動作執(zhí)行者的性格。品質(zhì)的形容詞時,則應(yīng)在不定式前加一個of引導(dǎo)的短語,而不可用for引導(dǎo)的短語。

It’s+adj+for

sbtodosth.It’snice(kind,clever)ofsbtodosth三、考查動詞不定式作賓語[試題精選]1.Theydecided______attheendofthismonth.(2002年濟南市)

A.toleaveB.goingC.travelD.notstartout2.Allofusfound______difficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it3.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.(2002年南寧市)

A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.hasADA

[考點分析]一些動詞,如decide,hope,ask等,常接動詞不定式作賓語。當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓語時,如果后接賓語補足語,常用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語之后,其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+謂語+it+賓語補足語+動詞不定式(短語)?特別是,有些動詞(短語)后面可接動詞不定式作賓語,又可接動名詞作賓語,但所表達的意義不同,對此,應(yīng)該弄清楚它們的區(qū)別。常見的這類動詞(短語)有:①remember/forgettodosth.記住/忘記要做某事;remember/forgetdoingsth.記得/忘記曾做過某事?②stoptodosth.停下來(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事。③goontodosth.做完一件事后,繼續(xù)做另一件事;goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事。四、考查動詞不定式作定語[試題精選]1.There'senoughbirdfood________foramonth.(2001年山西省)

A.tolastB.last

C.lastsD.lasted2.Shehasnopaper________.(2001年重慶市)

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteonAD

[考點分析]動詞不定式作后置定語時,與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。若動詞不定式是不及物動詞時,則要帶上與之搭配的介詞,構(gòu)成及物動詞短語。動詞不定式作后置定語,常用于"have+某事+todo"或"enough+名詞+todo"結(jié)構(gòu)中。五、考查動詞不定式作賓語補足語Motheraskedme________somefruitaftersupper.

A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy2.Lethim________arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.(2003年濟南市)A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has3.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren_____intheroom.(2003年桂林市)A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed4.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.-Yes,sheisoftenseen________theoldmanwithhishousework.(2003年呼和浩特市)A.helpB.tohelp

C.helpsD.helpedDABB

[考點分析]有些動詞,如teach,want,tell等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,即構(gòu)成teach/want/tellsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。但是,動詞不定式作使役動詞及感官動詞的賓語補足語時應(yīng)省去to。這些動詞可歸納為"一感(feel),二聽(listento,hear),三讓(let,have和make),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。";在動詞help后面作賓語補足語時,to可有可無。注意:以上省略to的動詞不定式,在被動語態(tài)中都必須加上to,但let不能用于被動語態(tài)。特殊情況：1.hadbetter(not)dosth.2.helpsb.(to)dosth.3.make\letsb.dosth.4.see\hear\watchsb.dosth.*see\hear\watchsb.doingsth.

例句：1、你最好不要吸煙。

Youhadbetternotsmoke.2、我們經(jīng)常幫她提水。

Weoftenhelpher(to)carrywater.3、他老是使我發(fā)笑。

Healwaysmakesmelaugh.4、我經(jīng)常聽見他唱歌。

Ioftenhearhimsing.六、考查動詞不定式作狀語1.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly

________belatefortheexam.(2002年上海市)

A.inordertoB.inordertonot

C.soasnottoD.soasto2.Let's________soasnot________lateforthemeeting.

A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobe

C.hurry,tobeD.hurry,beCC[考點分析]

動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞,表示目的,也可以表示結(jié)果或原因。為了強調(diào)目的,有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首,或在不定式前面加inorder或soas。如果不定式為否定形式,要用inordernotto...或soasnotto...。七、考查"連接代(副)詞+動詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的用法1.There'snodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon'tknow________.(2003年河南)

A.whattochooseB.whichtochoose

C.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat2.ThestudentsofClassOnewillspendtheirwinterholidayinShenzhen,butthestudentsofClassTwohaven'tdecided________.(2003年廣東省)

A.whattobuyB.howtogo

C.wheretogoD.whichtochoose3.________thecomputerisaproblem.

A.HowtouseB.Whattouse

C.WhichtouseD.WheretouseBCA[考點分析]

在英語中有些動詞,如ask,decide,tell,know等后可接"疑問代(副)詞+動詞不定式"作賓語,以此對賓語從句進行簡化。注意:進行簡化的條件是主句中的主語和從句的主語必須是同一人稱。此外,動詞不定式還可以和what,where,how,when,which等連接代詞(副詞)連用,在句中作主語。八、考查固定句式中動詞不定式的用法[試題精選]1.-Youlookrathertired.________stoptotakearest?

-Allright.ButI'llhavetoworkforafewmoreminutes.(2002年呼和浩特市)

A.WhynotB.Doyou

C.WhataboutD.Howabout2.TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease________?(2002年哈爾濱市)

A.turndownitB.turnitdown

C.toturnitdownD.toturndownitAB

[考點分析]各地中考試題在固定句式中對動詞不定式的考查常見的有:①hadbetter(