2017考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀5夜10篇精讀直播隨堂筆記模擬題

Howtheotherthree-quartersCertainlytheBritainbeyondLondonandthesouth-eastthatMrsMaywantstoconquer—callittheMayanEmpire—islesseconomicallyadvanced.IfitwereacountryitwouldbeaboutasrichasSpain,withaGDPper one-tenthbelowtheEUaverage.Somepartsarealotworseoff.OntheIsleofAnglesey,inWales, eper 57%oftheEUaverage,lowerthanmostofSicily.ThegapbetweentherichestandpoorestpartsofBritainisgreaterthaninanyotherEUcountry;London’sGDPperis186%oftheEuropeanThefamiliarphenomenonofa“northsouthdivide”isthusaliveandkicking.Butdigintothedataandapuzzleemerges.TheMayanEmpire’sGDPgrowthmaybesluggish,butinrecentyearsthelotofitspeoplehasbeenimprovingfasterthanthatofpeopleinLondonandthesouth-east.Howeveryoumeasurepay—hourly,weeklyorannual,meanormedian—since2009thatoftheMayanshasgrownfasterincashtermsthanthepayofthoseintheLondonregion,incontrasttopre-crisistrends.Afterhousingcosts,Mayans’medianrealhousehold eshaveheldsteadysince2008,comparedwitha6%fallinLondon.Indeed,afterhousingcoststhe esofworking-agefolkarenowhigherinScotlandandtheeastofEnglandthantheyareinLondon.TherearemanyreasonsforMayans’relativelystrongwagegrowth.Theymayhaveexperiencedalightersqueezeonpaybecausetheytendtobeolder,andsohavemoreexperienceandbargainingpowerthanothers,pointsoutStephenClarkeoftheResolutionFoundation,athink- .Aboutone-quarterofemployeesareunionised,comparedwithone-fifthinLondonandthesouth-east.AndMayanshavebeenprotectedbytheirrelianceonpublic-sectorjobs.Sincethecrisis,publicsectorpayhasgrownfasterthanprivate.Themostintriguingexplanationforrelativelystrongpaygrowthoutsidethecapitalconcernstechnology.InarecentspeechAndrewHaldaneoftheBankofEnglandexaminedtheeffectofautomationonwages.Asmachineshavereplacedmenandwomenacrossagrowingnumberoftasks,hesuggested,thebalanceofbargainingpowerhasswungagainstlabour,especiallylow-skilledworkers.WagegrowthcanthusbeweakevenasGDPrises.ThatprocessmaybemostpronouncedinLondonandthesouth-east.Theregionbuzzeswithinnovation;investmentinnewtechnologiesishigh.Andbecauseofthesouth-east’smonstrouslyexpensivehousing,itishardtolocatelow-value-addedactivitiesthere.Secretarialandadministrativejobsintheregionaredisappearing50%fasterthanelsewhere.Thesetrendsmaynotcontinueforlong.Public-sectorjobscouldbecut.Laboursavingtechnologymaysoonsweepacrossthecountry.Still,commonmisconceptionsabouttheBritisheconomyoutsideLondonandthesouth-eastneedsettingstraight.Outputislower,andgrowingslower,beyondthecapital.Butthe esofthethree-quartersofBritonswholivetherearecatchingupwiththoseofLondoners—andinafewplacesarealreadyWhatcanbeinferredinthefirstMayanEmpireisthethenewnameforBritianafterMaytookMayanEmpire’ssizeissimilartothatofSpain’sGDPisone-tenthbelowtheEULondon’sGDP isalmosttwiceofthatoftheEuropeanWhatisthemeaningof“sluggish”inthesecondWhatcanbeinferredinParagraphTheMayanshavemoreexperiencebecausetheyareolderthanTheseniorswon’tsufferfrompayTheproportionofunionisedemployeesinLondonislargerthanthatoftheMayanTheMayanshavebeenprotectedbytheirself-AccordingtoAndrew thebalanceofbargainingpowerusedtobeforthelow-skilledmachineshavereplacedmentodotheheavydutymachinesareproducinganincreasingnumberofThethree-quartersof arethosewhoarericherthantheusedtobelookeddownuponbythemaynotsucceedincatchingupwiththesomeofwhommayhavestartledthe內(nèi)容概本文選自2016年9月17日的theEconomist《》，原文標(biāo)題為Howtheotherthree-quarterslive（其余四分之三的人如何生活。文章開(kāi)頭從新首相想要征服的““國(guó)”趕超倫敦的速度將越來(lái)越快。各段大第一段：梅想要征服的“國(guó)”的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況第二段：近年來(lái)這些地區(qū)的人們的際遇比倫敦和東南地區(qū)的人們改善得快。。K12A選項(xiàng)（國(guó)是后英國(guó)得到的新名字，根據(jù)“MayanEmpire”定位到首段1句“CertainlytheBritainbeyondLondonandthesouth-eastthatMrsMaywantstoconquer—callittheMayanEmpire—islesseconomicallyadvanced.（當(dāng)然想要征服的倫敦以外的（國(guó)的面積和西班牙相當(dāng)，根據(jù)Spain定位到首段2句“IfitwereacountryitwouldbeaboutasrichasSpain,withaGDPper one-tenthbelowtheEUaverag.Someparsareaotorseoff.（如果組成一個(gè)國(guó)家，貧富程度會(huì)和西班牙差不多，人均GDP）可見(jiàn)，這里和西班牙相當(dāng)?shù)氖歉辉３潭龋⒉皇敲娣e，故排除。C選項(xiàng)（西班牙的GDP比歐盟平均水平低10%，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，根據(jù)Spain定位到首段2句“IfitwereacountyitwouldbeaboutasrichasSpain,withaGPper one-tnthbeowtheEUverge.Someparsareaotworseoff.”里的確說(shuō)道和“國(guó)”貧富程度相當(dāng)?shù)臀靼嘌馈叭司盙DP低于歐盟平均水平十分之一，然而，題設(shè)里沒(méi)有人均二字，故這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是不確定的，也就是錯(cuò)誤的，故排除。D選（倫敦的人均GDP幾乎是歐洲平均水平的兩倍，根據(jù)London定位到首段末句London’sGDPper is186%oftheEuropeanaverage.（倫敦的人均GDP是歐洲平均水平的特別說(shuō)明：涉及到數(shù)字，統(tǒng)計(jì)的題設(shè)，一定要仔細(xì)依次比對(duì)每一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)，例如本題的“perWhatisthemeaningof“sluggish”inthesecondK1根據(jù)sluggish定位到二段3句TheMayanEmpire’sGDPgrowthmaybesluggish,butinrecentyearsthelotofitspeoplehasbeenimprovingfasterthanthatofpeopleinLondoneast“K2“很快”是正面表達(dá)，而but又是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞，所以前面應(yīng)該填入的是一個(gè)意義詞匯，（強(qiáng)壯）K3排除B選項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)是的，而句后句么““”GDP增長(zhǎng)可疑要能轉(zhuǎn)”的GP長(zhǎng)能絕”故除B，C選項(xiàng)。特別注意：詞匯題在“代入排除時(shí)”，一方面考慮句子本身是否通順，一方面還考慮與上下文是否一致。WhatcanbeinferredinParagraphTheMayanshavemoreexperiencebecausetheyareolderthanTheseniorswon’tsufferfrompayTheproportionofunionisedemployeesinLondonislargerthanthatoftheMayanTheMayanshavebeenprotectedbytheirself-K12A選項(xiàng)（國(guó)的人更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)樗麄兏螅?，根?jù)older定位到三段2句Theymayhaveexperiencedalightersqueezeonpaybecausetheytendtobeolder,andsohavemoreexperienceandbargainingpowerthanothers,pointsoutStephenClarkeoftheResolutionFoundation,athink-.（智囊機(jī)構(gòu)決議的·，他們往往年紀(jì)較，havemoreexperiencebecausetheyareolderthanothersbecausetheytendtobeolder,andsohavemoreexperience是同義替換，故正確。B選項(xiàng)（較大的人不會(huì)遭遇薪酬縮水）pay定位到三段2Theymayhaveexperiencedalightersqueezeonpaybecausetheytendtobeolder,andsohavemoreexperienceandbargainingpowerthanothers,pointsoutStephenClarkeoftheResolutionFoundation,athink-.（智囊機(jī)構(gòu)決議的酬縮水更為輕微原文“年紀(jì)較大經(jīng)歷的薪酬縮水更為輕微”，因此錯(cuò)誤，故排除。C選項(xiàng)（倫敦地區(qū)參加工會(huì)員工的比率比國(guó)地區(qū)的高），根據(jù)unionisedemployees定3Aboutone-quarterofemployeesareunionised,comparedwithone-fifthinLondonandthesouth-east.（約有四分之一的員工是工會(huì)成員，而倫敦和東南地區(qū)僅有五分之一）可見(jiàn)，倫敦地區(qū)的更低，故排除。D選項(xiàng)（國(guó)人通過(guò)靠自己來(lái)獲得保護(hù)根protected定位到三段4AndMayanshavebeenprotectedbytheirrelianceon特別注意：如果選項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)沒(méi)有任何的修飾成分（例如本題B選項(xiàng)的seniors，該選項(xiàng)會(huì)顯得籠統(tǒng)而絕對(duì)化，即使再接近原文也要三思（Thinktwice。AccordingtoAndrew thebalanceofbargainingpowerusedtobeforthelow-skilledmachineshavereplacedmentodotheheavydutymachinesareproducinganincreasingnumberofK1AndrewHaldane3Asmachineshavereplacedmenandwomenacrossagrowingnumberoftasks,hesuggested,thebalanceofbargainingpowerhasswungagainstlabour,especiallylow-skilledworkers.（他認(rèn)為，由于機(jī)器取代人類完成越來(lái)越多K2替換A選項(xiàng)（議價(jià)能力的平衡曾經(jīng)向低技術(shù)工人的方向傾斜，對(duì)比原文balanceofbargainingpowerhasswungagainstlabour,especiallylow-skilledworkers（議價(jià)能力的平衡已經(jīng)不再向有利于勞動(dòng)力（尤其是低技術(shù)工人）的方向傾斜。解題關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于swung（swing）一詞，字典解釋：Ifsomethingswingsorifyouswingititmovesrepeatedlybackwardsandforwardsorfromsidetosidefromafixedpoint.所以這里可以推斷，議價(jià)能力的平衡曾經(jīng)向低技術(shù)工人的方向傾斜，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)（低技術(shù)工人需要通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)再充電，對(duì)比原文，只是說(shuō)會(huì)對(duì)低技術(shù)工人不利，還沒(méi)有提到要求其充電，這是典型的過(guò)度推測(cè)。C選項(xiàng)（機(jī)器可以替代做重體力工作，對(duì)比原文，沒(méi)有相關(guān)描述，故排除。D選項(xiàng)（機(jī)器制造出越來(lái)越多的任務(wù)），對(duì)比原文（機(jī)器取代人類完成越來(lái)越多的任務(wù)，可見(jiàn)，機(jī)器沒(méi)有制造特別說(shuō)明：swing的特殊含義，是解題要點(diǎn)。在準(zhǔn)備考研過(guò)程中，不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞，要查詞典，認(rèn)識(shí)的詞，更要查詞典。因?yàn)槌３Ｓ心悴皇煜さ牧x項(xiàng)：blue天空，disk椎間盤(pán)，school魚(yú)群，學(xué)派……Thethree-quartersof arethosewhoarericherthantheusedtobelookeddownuponbythemaynotsucceedincatchingupwiththesomeofwhommayhavestartledtheK1由three-quartersofBritons定位到末段末句Butthe esofthethree-quartersofBritonswholivetherearecatchingupwiththoseofLondoners—andinafewplacesarealreadyahead.（首都之外的地區(qū)輸出更低，增長(zhǎng)速度更慢。但那兒的四分之三的英K2A選項(xiàng)（這四分之三的英國(guó)人比倫敦人有錢(qián)，