人教版英語(yǔ)必修五第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

人教版英語(yǔ)必修五第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

discover(v.)e.g.Columbus

discoveredAmericain1492.

Who

discoveredradium?comp.invent(v.)發(fā)明（原先不存在的東西）

e.g.Who

invented

thesteamengine?find(v.)發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)覺(jué)，找到

e.g.He

found

agoodwaytosolvetheproblem.

Thescientist

found

itnecessarytogetamap.Ex.Thescientists____________newcoalminesinShanxiprovince.“發(fā)現(xiàn)”（被探索或被揭示的事物早已客觀存在）discovered第二頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/302

thewayofdoingsth.=thewaytodosth.e.g.她教我們清洗它的方法。

Sheshowedus

thewayofcleaning

it.

Sheshowedus

thewaytoclean

it.

“theway”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種：that,inwhich,或者省略。

e.g.我不喜歡你跟你父親講話的方式。Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhich)

youspeaktoyourfather.Phrases:

順便說(shuō)說(shuō)

（俚語(yǔ)）沒(méi)門(mén)，別想

迷路

在去……的路上

摸著走，謹(jǐn)慎從事

用這種方法做······的方法bythewaynowayloseone’swayonone’swayto…feelone’sway(to…)inthisway/bythismeans/withthismethod第三頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/303Ex.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.A.theway

B.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichA第四頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/304

putforward提出（建議等）e.g.他提出一個(gè)新的計(jì)劃。

He

putforward

anewplan.推薦某人或自己任職位；提名e.g.我能否提名你當(dāng)我們的班長(zhǎng)？

MayIput

yourname

forward

asourmonitor?Phrases:putaway

putdownputupputoffputout

puton

putupwith…放好；拋棄放下；寫(xiě)下來(lái)穿上；上演延期；推遲熄滅（燈）；撲滅（火）掛起；搭起；建造忍受第五頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/305Ex.Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butplease_________thebookswhenyou’vefinishedwiththem.putaway第六頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/306expertnoun專家；行家；能手

anexpertinchildpsychology兒童心理學(xué)家anexpertonmodrenliterature現(xiàn)在文學(xué)研究專家Heisanexpertatgettinghisownway.他在如何達(dá)到自己的目的方面很在行adj熟練的，內(nèi)行的或經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的Sheisexpertatmakingcheap,butstylishclothes.她做便宜而時(shí)髦的衣服很在行Theyareallexpertinthisfield.他們都是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家。第七頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/307attendtobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture…)出席，參加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.togoregularlytoaplacee.g.Ourchildrenattendthesameschool.Howmanypeopleattendthechurcheveryday？tolookafter,carefor,serve照顧；看護(hù)e.g.Whichdoctorisattending(on)you?

attend第八頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/308attendto照顧，招待，處理Anurseattendstohisneeds.有個(gè)護(hù)士照顧他.Areyoubeingattendedto?有人接待您嗎Couldyouattendto(iedealwith)thismatterimmediately?你能不能立刻處理這件事?第九頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/309exposetomakevisible

（與to連用）暴露

e.g.Don’t

expose

yourselftothesunfortoolong.You’llgetsunburned.Asasoldierinthewar,shewasexposedtomanydangers.torevealtheguiltorwrongdoingof揭露e.g.Heexposedtheirplot.他揭穿了他們的陰謀。

Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.對(duì)貪官污吏的罪行一定要毫無(wú)保留地予以揭發(fā)。第十頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3010beexposedto暴露于，面臨，遭受e.g.IfyouareexposedtoEnglishreadingandlisteningeveryday,youaresuretomakemuchprogressinit.e.g.Exposedtothedialectoftheminiorityofthelocalplace,hegraduallylearntospeaksomeofit.第十一頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3011

deadly

adj.(1)dangerous;likelytocausedeath危險(xiǎn)的；致命的一般

e.g.a

deadly

disease/weapon(2)highlyeffectiveagainststh.orsb.強(qiáng)有力的；致命的

e.g.a

deadly

remark擊中要害的評(píng)論

(3)aimingtokillordestroy意在殺死的；不共戴天的

e.g.a

deadly

enemy不共戴天的敵人

adv.(1)very極度；非常；十分

e.g.

deadly

serious十分認(rèn)真

(2)likedeath死一般地

e.g.

deadly

pale死一般蒼白

die

(v.)

dead

(adj.)

death

(n.)第十二頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3012curev./n.治愈,治療

Thiskindofmedicinecan’tcurehimofhisheadache.Hewenttothecityforacureinafamoushospital.這種藥治不了他的頭痛。他到城里一家有名的醫(yī)院治療。v.

n.

科學(xué)家們?cè)趯ふ乙环N治療禽流感的方法。

Scientistsaresearchingforamethodtocurebirdflu.第十三頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3013

是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“每次，每當(dāng)”e.g.

EverytimeImeethim,Iwillthinkofthethingsthathappenedbetweenus.每次見(jiàn)到他，我就會(huì)想起發(fā)生在我們之間的事情。

Everytime/EachtimeIseehim,heisalwaysbusywriting.

ThefirsttimeIwentabroadIcouldhardlyunderstandwhattheforeignerssaid.

BythetimeIgothomefromwork,mymumhadalreadygotsupperready.everytime(eachtime,nexttime,lasttime，thefirsttime,thelasttime,bythetime)第十四頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3014immediately,themoment,directly,instantly等，都可以作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一······就······”

e.g.IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.

Icame

directlyIgotyourletter.

IrecogniedherthemomentIsawher.第十五頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3015challengefacethechallenge面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)challengesbtosth/challengesbtodo向某人挑戰(zhàn)WhenIsaidIwasfaster,shechallengedmetoarace.當(dāng)我說(shuō)我比她跑的快時(shí)，她向我挑戰(zhàn)（要比個(gè)高低）Hechallengedmetoplaychess.他向我挑戰(zhàn)下象棋。第十六頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3016

control

v.

tohavepowerover,rule,direct統(tǒng)治，控制

e.g.Thegovernmenttriesitsbestto

control

prices.

Hecannot

control

hisanger.n.

控制，統(tǒng)治，掌握

(1)

losecontrolof/be(go)outofcontrol失去控制e.g.Thedriverlostcontrolofhiscaranditknockedintoatree.

Thecarwasoutofcontrolandranintoawall.

(2)

incontrolof

控制······

e.g.Mr.Brownisincontrolofthemoney.

(3)

underthecontrolof

被······控制

e.g.ThemoneyisunderthecontrolofMr.Brown.第十七頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3017suggest(v.)

tointimateorimply暗示；間接表明e.g.Itsuggests

thatyoudidnotcatchthe8o’clocktrainbutthe8:25train.

事實(shí)表明你沒(méi)有乘坐八點(diǎn)的火車而是八點(diǎn)二十五的火車。

toofferforconsiderationoraction建議（接that從句時(shí)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）e.g.Isuggested

thatthey

(should)travelbytrain.

suggestdoingsth.advisedoingsth./advisesb.todosth.第十八頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3018absorb(v.)totakeorsuckin吸收e.g.Asponge

absorbs

water.

海綿吸水。

Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.

這家大公司漸漸把這些小公司吞并了。

totakein(knowledge,ideas…)專心于，吸取e.g.Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.

小姑娘正在全神貫注地閱讀一篇故事。

IwassointerestedinthesenewideasthatIabsorbedthemwithoutthinking.

我對(duì)這些新觀念非常感興趣，甚至于不求甚解地吸收了。第十九頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3019suspect懷疑Shewasfounddeadinherdepartment,andthepolicesuspectmurder.Theysaidtheproblemwasintheengine,whichwasjustwhatIhadsuspected.

suspectsbof...懷疑某人有罪，認(rèn)為某人有...嫌疑e.g.Theysuspecthimofmurder/ofgivingfalseevidence.Shewassuspectedofbeingaspy.第二十頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3020

severe(adj.)soserious;sobad嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)格的e.g.Ithinkyouaretoosevereontheboy.Hisseverelooksfrightenedme.

他的嚴(yán)厲表情使我恐慌。

veryharmfulorpainful;seriousoruncomfortable（疼痛）劇烈的

e.g.SARS---severeacuterespiratorysyndrome

嚴(yán)重的、急性的呼吸道綜合病

Hehasaseverepaininhisleg.

beseverewith=bestrictwith

對(duì)······要求嚴(yán)格

e.g.Heisseverewithhimself.

severely

(adv.)嚴(yán)格地第二十一頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3021

(vt.)責(zé)怪；把······歸咎于

blamesb.forsth./doingsth.

blamesth.onsb.

e.g.Shewasblamedforthemistake.

betoblame（固定搭配）······應(yīng)受到譴責(zé)；該怨······e.g.Thechildrenwerenottoblame.Iamtoblame.

(n.)過(guò)失；責(zé)備；埋怨

put/laytheblameon怪在······身上

taketheblame承擔(dān)責(zé)任e.g.Everyoneput/laidtheblameforthatonme.Thecardrivertooktheblamefortheaccident.blame第二十二頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3022

lookintoexamine;investigate調(diào)查，了解，研究

e.g.Thepolicearelookingintoalltherecordsoftheman.

警察正在查閱那個(gè)人的所有檔案。

I’lllookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittlepatience.

我將盡快調(diào)查這件事情，耐心點(diǎn)。lookattheinsideof朝······里面看（與one’sface/eyes

等連用，表示“注視”）

e.g.Helooksintoherfacewithgreatinterest.

他饒有興趣地注視著她的臉。第二十三頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3023handletodealwithorcontrolasituation,aperson,anareaofworkorastrongemotion處理、控制、管理（局勢(shì)、人、工作或感情）e.g.Amanwasapppointedtohandlethecrisis.新指派一個(gè)人來(lái)處理這場(chǎng)危機(jī)Wecanhandleupto500callsanhouratournewoffices.我們的新辦公室每小時(shí)可以處理500個(gè)電話。tocontrolavehicle,ananimal,atool,etce.g.Iwasn'tsurewhetherIcanhandlesuchapowerfulcar.Sheisadifficulthorsetohandle.第二十四頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3024link…to…把······與······連接；聯(lián)系e.g.Fingerprintslinked

thesuspecttothecrime.指紋證實(shí)了嫌疑犯的犯罪事實(shí)。Thevideocamerasarelinkedtoapowerfulcomputer.Thepaywillbelinkedtotheinflationrate.將工資的增長(zhǎng)與通貨膨脹率的上升掛鉤。link(v.):tobejoined（常與together,to,with連用）連接e.g.Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.

第二十五頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3025Shehaditdeliveredtoherhomeeveryday.她每天派人把水送到家里來(lái)。句中haditdelivered是“have+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓別人做...使某物遭受...使某事被...",其中賓補(bǔ)由過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)e.g.Whenwillyouhaveyourhomeworkhandedin?Hehadhislegbrokenwhileplayingbasketball.Ihadthedoorpaintedthismorning.在“have+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)還可以這樣構(gòu)成：havesbdo(makesbdo/letsbdo/getsbtodo)讓某人做某事;havesbdoing讓某人一直做；容忍，允許第二十六頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3026announce(v.)tomakeknownpublicly發(fā)表、告知、宣布e.g.Thegovernmentannounceditsneweconomicpolicies.

政府發(fā)布了新的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。

ThenewswasannouncedtothepubliconTV.

這則消息經(jīng)由電視向大眾宣布了。tostateinaloudvoice(thenameofapersonorthingonarrival,asofpeopleatapartyoraircraftatanairport)宣布（客人、飛機(jī)等的到達(dá)）e.g.HisservantannouncedMrandMrsWhite.tomakeclearlyknown（事情）顯示······；預(yù)告e.g.Warmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.第二十七頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3027instruct(v.)toprovidewithknowledge,especiallyinamethodicalway教；教授e.g.Heinstructsaclassinhistory.他教授一個(gè)班的歷史。togiveordersto;direct（常與to不定式連用）命令e.g.I’vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.我得到指示在這兒等到講課老師來(lái)到。Shearrivedat10asinstructed.

instruction(n.)指示；指導(dǎo)；指令

followsb'sinstructions聽(tīng)從某人的指示第二十八頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3028conclude(v.)tobringtoanend;close使結(jié)束；完畢e.g.toconcludeaspeechToconclude,Iwishyouallgoodhealthandalonglife.

最后，祝大家健康長(zhǎng)壽。推論；推斷出；斷定e.g.Thedoctorconcludedthatthepatient’sdiseasewascancer.

醫(yī)生斷定病人患的是癌癥。

conclusion(n.)結(jié)論；結(jié)束

drawaconclusion

得出結(jié)論

第二十九頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3029contribute(v.)捐助；貢獻(xiàn)e.g.AlthoughhehasplentyofmoneyAllandidn’tcontributetoJane’spresentwhenshelefttheoffice.

艾倫雖然很有錢(qián)，但并沒(méi)有在珍離職時(shí)湊錢(qián)買(mǎi)禮物給她。有助于；促進(jìn)；造成e.g.Plentyoffreshaircontributestogoodhealth.

多呼吸新鮮空氣，有助于身體健康。

Toomuchalcoholicdrinkwillcontributetoyourruin.喝酒過(guò)度會(huì)毀了你。第三十頁(yè)，共35頁(yè)。2020/11/3030apartfrom具有多重意義：既可以表示besides，也可以表示except或exceptfor，還可以表示without。e.g.Apartfromthecost,itwilltakealotoftime.(=besides)

Theorphan（孤兒）hadnoonetotakecareofhimapartfromhisuncle.(=except)

Hehasdonegoodwork,apartfromafewslightfaults.(=exceptfor)

Therecanbenoknowledgeapartfrompractice.(=without)實(shí)踐出真知。第三