人教版高中英語必修4unit1課文知識點詳解1

人教版高中英語必修4unit1課文知識點詳解15.Thereisaclosecbetweensmokingandlungcancer.6.Thefirstperiodoftheengineering_______(工程)isnowcomplete.7.Heisa___________(專家)ingeography.8.Hegainedourrespectbyhisgreat_____________(成就).9.Ajazzbandprovidedthe______________(娛樂),whileweateanddrankunderthestars.10.Mindyour_________(舉止)！It’sbadmannerstodolikethat.onnectionprojectspecialistachievementsentertainmentbehaviorⅡ.重點短語再現(xiàn)1._________離開；起程2.______________過著……的生活3._________(想法、問題等)涌上心頭4.__________________蔑視；瞧不起5._________查閱；談到；參考6._____________(偶然)遇見7.__________碰巧；湊巧繼續(xù)；堅持9.______________獻身于……10._________________判……死刑11.________________為……設計12.______________某人自己的moveoffleada...lifecrowdinlookdownupon/onrefertocomeacrossbychancecarryondevote...to...putsb.todeathbeintendedforofone’sownⅢ.典型句式運用1.FollowingJane’swayofstudyingchimps，ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemin方法去森林里拜訪它們。現(xiàn)在進展時除表示現(xiàn)在外,還可以表示____________________________,用進展時表示一種期待感，比較生動。常用的動詞有：come,go,leave,start,begin,arrive,stay,take,stop等?？键c提煉將來常有的意圖、安排或打算等2.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisour務就是觀察黑猩猩一家是如何醒來的。watchingafamilyofchimpswakeup是___________,在句中作____。動名詞作主語往往表示一種概念、習慣或經(jīng)歷。Alibrarywith100bookswasdenotedtoourschool考點提煉動名詞短語主語3.Sheisleadingabusylifebutshesays：“OnceIstop,itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.〞她的生活是繁忙的，然而，她卻說：“我一旦停下來，所有的一切都會涌上心頭，我就會想起實驗室里的黑猩猩。〞onceIstop是once引導的________從句,主句是由___連接的兩個并列分句,crowdingin為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，修飾comes?？键c提煉時間狀語and4.Isaytomyself，“Aren’ttheylucky?〞我會對自己說，“難道它們不幸運嗎？〞aren’t...是否認式疑問句，表示“______________？〞，可以用來表示責備等。5.WhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandcarryonhergoodwork?為什么不像林巧稚那樣去醫(yī)學院學習然后繼續(xù)她的有益的事業(yè)呢？的句型。____形式有時還含有責備的意味;____形式那么常用來表示建議。Whycomesolate?為什么這么晚才來？Whynotaskhim?為什么不問問他呢？考點提煉考點提煉難道不……嗎肯定否認重點單詞Shehas_______thatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewild...(回歸課本P2)觀察思考Theyarguedtheplanforalongtime.他們就該方案辯論了很長時間。We’realwaysarugingwitheachotheraboutmoney.我們總是為錢吵嘴。導練互動arguedHewastootiredtoarguethepoint.他太累了，不想討論這個問題。歸納總結argue_______________________。arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.與某人爭論某事argueagainst/for為反對/贊成……而辯論說服某人做/不做某事arguethat-clause辯論說……argumentn.爭論，辯論；論據(jù)；理由anargumentagainst反對……的理由anargumentfor/infavorof贊成……的理由putforwardanargument提出論點vi.&vt.爭論；辯論；討論即學即用(1)他和瑪麗爭論度假的最好地方。

He____________Marythebestplaceforaholiday.(2)他們就這筆錢怎樣花而爭論不休。

Theywere______________howtospendthemoney.arguedwitharguingaboutoverShespentyears__________andrecordingtheirdailyactivities.(回歸課本P2)觀察思考Shehasobservedthestarsallherlife.她一生都在觀察星星。Heobservedastrangerhangingaroundthestore.他看到一個陌生人在商店附近閑逛。Wemustobservetherulesoftheroad.我們必須遵守交通規(guī)那么。observing歸納總結observe_____________________________。observe屬于感觀動詞，在主動語態(tài)中，作賓補的不定式,但在被動語態(tài)中那么必須。observe+賓語+do/doingsth.看到，覺察到某人做某事/正在做某事observesth.觀察(注意到)某事物observethat...觀察到……observeon/uponsth.關于……陳述意見observeachild’sbehavior觀察一個孩子的行為observethetermsofacontract遵守合同的條款vt.看到；觀察到；注意到；遵守不帶to用toobserveananniversary慶祝周年紀念日observern.觀察者;觀測者;遵守者observationn.觀測，監(jiān)測，觀察，觀察力underobservation在觀察中;在監(jiān)視中即學即用Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manyChinesestill____thetraditionalcustoms.A.performB.possessC.observeD.support解析observe在此句中意為“遵守,奉行(法律、協(xié)議或習俗等)〞。句意為：盡管在國外居住了這么多年，許多中國人仍然遵循著傳統(tǒng)的風俗習慣。CForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestoftheworldunderstandand________thelifeoftheseanimals.(回歸課本P2)觀察思考Ideeplyrespecthiscourage.=Ideeplyrespecthimforhiscourage.我深深敬仰他的勇氣。Werespecthimasagreatleader.我們敬重他是偉大的領袖。respectAtwominutesilencewasheldasamarkofrespect.人們靜默兩分鐘以示尊敬。Inthisrespectweareveryfortunate.在這方面我們是很幸運的。歸納總結respect_______________________________。have/showrespectfor尊敬，尊重；重視holdsb.inrespect尊敬某人innorespect無論在哪方面都不是……，完全不是……withrespectto關于，就……來說vt.&vi.尊敬，尊重；n.尊敬；方面insomerespects在某些方面ineveryrespect/inallrespects在各方面withoutrespectto不考慮……；不管……即學即用(1)他因老實而深受大家的尊敬。He____________________byeveryoneforhishonesty.(2)你認為這部電影在哪一方面有失偏頗？________________doyouthinkthefilmisbiased?ishighlyrespectedInwhatrespectTherewasstoryafterstoryofhowLinQiaozhi,tiredafteraday’swork,wentlateatnightto________ababyforapoorfamilywhocouldnotpayher.(回歸課本P6)觀察思考

Wouldyoudelivermymessagetoyourelderbrother?你可以幫我傳口信給你哥哥嗎？

Thedoctordeliveredthewoman.

醫(yī)生給這位婦女接生。

Sheisduetodeliveralectureongeneticengineering.

根據(jù)安排她要作一個關于遺傳工程的演講。deliver歸納總結deliver_________________________。deliversth.tosb.把某物交付某人bedeliveredofababy生小孩deliveroneselfofsth.發(fā)言，發(fā)表deliversth.(up/over)(tosb.)放棄某事物;交出某物deliversb.(fromsth.)拯救/挽救某人deliveron不負所望；履行諾言deliveraspeech/lecture發(fā)表演講v.遞送；接生；發(fā)表(演說等)即學即用(1)一些新書已被送到學校。

Somenewbooks____________________totheschool.(2)昨天校長在大會上發(fā)言了。

Theheadmaster___________________atthemeetingyesterday.havebeendelivereddeliveredaspeech5.considerationWhatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessand______________sheshowedtoallherpatients.(回歸課本P6)觀察思考Afterafewmoments’consideration，hebegantospeak.他考慮了片刻后開場講話。Theirkindnessandconsiderationwillnotbeforgotten.人們不會忘記他們的友善和體貼。considerationHehasnevershownmuchconsiderationforhiswife’sfeelings.他從不顧及他妻子的感情。歸納總結consideration____________________________。inconsiderationof...考慮到……，顧及……oconsideration考慮到……;體諒……beunderconsideration在考慮中，在審議中giveconsiderationtosth./givesth.consideration考慮某事considerv.考慮；認為considerdoingsth.考慮某事beconsideredtobe/as...被認為……；被看作……n.［U］考慮;體貼;體諒；關心outofconsiderationfor出于對……的關心/體諒showconsiderationforsb./sth.體諒/關心……considerateadj.考慮周到的；體諒的；體貼的即學即用(1)他們考慮到他還年輕沒給他重活。Theydidn’tgivehimheavywork_____________________hisyouth.(2)教師說對于學生的要求他會予以考慮的。Theteachersaidthathewould_______________________therequestofthestudents.inconsiderationoftakeintoconsiderationIlookedcarefullyatthetextandrealizedthatitwas_________forwomeninthecountryside.(回歸課本P6)觀察思考

Thiskindofbicycleisintendedforpeoplewhoistootall.

這種自行車是專為身材過高的人設計的。

Thisdictionaryisintendedforchildren.

這本詞典是給小孩用的。intendedIdidn’tintendhertoseethispaintinguntilitwasfinished.我本來不想在這幅畫還沒完成之前讓她看到。Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisbook.今天我打算讀完這本書。歸納總結intend_______________________________。(1)intendsb.todosth.打算讓某人做某事

todosth.doingsth.打算使……成為；想讓……從事某事vt.意指，愿意；方案，打算，意欲打算做某事beintendedtodosth./forsth.是用來……intendthat...打算，想……h(huán)adintendedtodosth.(=intendedtohavedonesth.)過去本打算做……(2)intentionn.意圖；打算；目的byintention成心havenointentionofdoing...無意做……withtheintentionof抱有……目的；打算withoutintention無意中，不是成心地即學即用(1)我本來是打算去北京的，但我沒買到票。I______________________toBeijing,butIdidn’tgettheticket.(2)Shewentoutwiththedoorunlockedby___althoughsheknewearlythatitwouldresultintheft.A.accidentB.intentionC.chanceD.purpose解析byintention=onpurpose成心;bychance=byaccident偶然。intendedtohavegoneB重點短語與句型7eacrossBychanceI____________anarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi,aspecialistinwomen’sdiseases.(回歸課本P6)觀察思考Icameacrosshiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上無意中碰到了他。Whilecleaningtheroomyesterday,Icameacrossanoldphotoofmymother.我昨天清掃房間時,意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)一張我母親的照片。cameacross歸納總結comeacross意為:______________________。Howcome?為什么？怎么會？怎么搞的？comeabout發(fā)生comealong一起來；一道走comedownto下垂到；到達；流傳下來comeon得啦；快點comeout出來；出版；開花cometo到達；總計為；結果是cometooneself(昏迷后)蘇醒過來；恢復理性comeup上來；(從土中)長出，發(fā)芽,被提出comeupwith提出；想出cometrue實現(xiàn)(偶然)遇上，碰見；發(fā)現(xiàn)即學即用(1)It’salready10o’clock.Iwonderhowit____thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.A.cameoverB.cameoutC.cameaboutD.cameup

解析

comeover過去；comeout出來;comeup出現(xiàn)，到來。comeabout發(fā)生，符合題意。C(2)—Haveyou____somenewideas?—Yeah.I’lltellyoulater.AeaboutBeintoCeupwithDeoutwith解析comeabout發(fā)生；comeinto進入,得到;comeupwith想出；comeoutwith發(fā)表，公布，說出。句意為:——你想出新的主意了嗎？——是的，我過會兒告訴你。C8.carryonWhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiand_________hergoodwork?(回歸課本P6)觀察思考Carryon(with)thegoodwork!好好做下去！Despiteallthenoise,shecarriedonstudying.盡管很吵，她還在繼續(xù)學習。Negotiationswerecarriedon，inspiteofthefighting.盡管還在打仗，談判仍在進展。carryon歸納總結carryon意為:_______________。carry...about隨身攜帶……carryaway拿走，沖走，掠走；吸引住(某人)carryback將……送/帶回原地；使某人憶起carryforward過帳，結轉carryoff運走，帶走；獲得(獎項)，奪得成功地應付(困難)局面carryout搬出；實施，執(zhí)行，履行；完成carrythrough達成，貫徹；使渡過難關繼續(xù)，繼續(xù)下去即學即用(1)我不在的時候你要繼續(xù)工作。

_________________/GoonwithyourworkwhileI’maway.(2)Themealover,themanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomto____theirdiscussion.A.putawayB.takedownC.lookoverD.carryon

解析

putaway收好,放好,takedown寫下,記下;lookover從……上面看；查看,檢查;carryon繼續(xù)。句意：吃完飯,經(jīng)理們回到會議室繼續(xù)討論。CarryonworkingD9.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonths，wassheallowed她的忙，這才使她得以開場自己的方案。典例體驗__________________________thestresshewasunder.直到那時她才意識到他所承受的壓力。______________________________theproblem.只有用這種方法你才能解決問題。Onlythen，didsherealizeOnlyinthisway，canyousolve歸納總結此句是only引導的一個___________。當only修飾____、________或狀語從句，且________時,主句必須用局部倒裝構造。(1)否認副詞(詞組)never，nor,hardly，little，seldom,bynomeans等置于句首時,句子要用局部倒裝構造。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.我從來沒有看過這樣感人的電影。Bynomeanswillwegiveintothem.我們決不會向他們讓步。(2)so或neither/nor表示前者的情況也適用于另一人或物時,其句型為“so/neither/nor+be/助動詞/情態(tài)局部倒裝句副詞介詞短語放在句首動詞+另一主語〞。so指肯定情況，意為“……也是如此〞,neither/nor適用于前者是否認的情況,意為“……也不這樣〞。Lilycan’tride,neither/norcanLucy.莉莉不會騎車，露西也不會。注意如果句意不是“……也是如此〞,而僅是對前面內(nèi)容的肯定或附和(此時的so=indeed)，那么句子不可使用倒裝語序。—Youforgottotakeyourkeywithyouagain!——你又忘記帶鑰匙了！—Oh,mygod.SoIdid!——噢，我的天哪，我確實忘了帶！(3)so+adj./adv.+that...引導的結果狀語從句構造中,so+adj./adv.置于句首時，句子須用局部倒裝。SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.他英語講得如此清晰，以致于別人總能理解他的意思。注意that引導的句子不倒裝。(4)在非真實條件句中可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首構成局部倒裝構造。Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.假設明天下雨，我們就不去爬山了。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.如果你早點來，你就趕上公共汽車了。即學即用(1)OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly____howmuchIlovedthem.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize解析考察局部倒裝?！皁nly+狀語〞放于句首時,主句用局部倒裝。(2)Sodifficult____ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound解析so(such)...that構造中,so或such位于句首加強語氣時用倒裝。DB〔1〕Iambusypreparingfortheweeklytest.IwillgetintouchwithyounextMonday.A.then B.now C.nowandthen〔2〕Wewillbeabletodiscusstheplan,soyouwon’tdisturbme.A.then B.now C.nowandthen

BAC品味構詞串聯(lián)擴展對立意義的詞并列構成新義

adv./adj.原詞adv./adj.對立詞構成詞組，作狀語now現(xiàn)在then那時(=sometimes）不時here這里there那里(=everywhere）到處up向上，朝上down向下，往下

上上下下nowandthenhereandthereupanddownback后面front前面

前后顛倒backward朝后的/地forward朝前的/地

來回地，來去地once一次more更

又一次，再一次thick厚的thin薄的

不顧艱難in里面out外面

時進時出far遠的，遙遠的near近的，附近的farandnearbacktofrontbackwardandforwardonce(and)more(through)thickandthininandout四面八方

2.利用-spect相關的派生詞，品句填詞(1)Ifyoudon’t

others,ofcourseotherswon’t

you.(2)Theleadercametoourofficeand

thecaseofthetheftbecausehe

someonehadstolenit.However,ifyouwanttofindthethiefandthenyoucan’tjudgeapersonbyhis

.Allinall,we

thepolicewillbeabletocatchthethiefsoon.

respectrespectinspectedsuspectedaspectexpect串聯(lián)擴展

前綴詞根派生詞a--spect(看,look)aspect(=looks)in-(=lookinto)檢查re-respect(=lookupto尊敬)ex-expect(=hope/believe期望，期盼)su-suspect(=feeldoubt)面貌inspect疑心【例1】It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation____theycanseethemselvesdifferently.(福建高考)解析領先行詞為situation,case,stage,point等時，假設定語從句中缺少狀語，那么定語從句的引導詞為where。課文原文Thismeansgoingbacktotheplace_____weleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore.考題回扣whereD【例2】—Doyouthinkit’sagoodideatomakefriendswithyourstudents?—____,Ido.Ithinkit’sagreatidea.(安徽高考)

解析

句意為:——你認為和你的學生交朋友是個好主意嗎？——我認為是個好主意。由下句肯定回答可知贊同對方的觀點，故用actually。

課文原文

She__________observedchimpsasagrouphuntingamonkey...Cactually【例3】Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof____hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.(上海高考)解析句意為:作為一個新外交官，他常?？紤]在這樣的場合中如何更恰當?shù)胤错?。句中react是不及物動詞，不能與what(什么)和which(哪一個)搭配；that沒有具體的含義，因此只有how(如何)符合題意。課文原文Shealsodiscovered____chimpscommunicatewitheachother,...Dhow【例4】Howmuch____shelookedwithoutherglasses!(全國Ⅰ高考)A.wellB.good解析句意為:她不戴眼鏡看起來好看多了!much修飾比較級，故只有better正確。課文原文Wassheso_____clevererthananyoneelse?muchD【例5】—Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.—Thefirsttwoarefree____thethirdcosts$30.(安徽高考)解析句意為:——我想知道你的效勞收費多少？——前兩個是免費的，但第三個收費30美元。根據(jù)句意,“前兩個免費〞和“第三個收費30美元〞之間是前后比照關系。而until表示“直到……時候〞；when表示“當……時候〞;before表示“在……之前〞，均不合題意。A課文原文

Everybodysitsandwaitsintheshadeofthetrees______thefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff.whileⅠ.品句填詞1.Withhergreatefforts,shehasaeverythingshewantedtodo.2.“Haveyoutakenpartineitherofmylasttwoc?〞Theofficeraskedthesoldier.3.Ifyouwanttohelpthepoor,youcanjointheo,whichusuallyhassomesuchactivities.4.Heisanagriculturals，whodevotesallhislifetotheresearchintoagriculture.自主檢測chievedampaignsrganizationpecialist5.Thelittleboy’sbadbatthepartymadehisparentsupset.6.Ibytheteacher’swords,heisdeterminedtostudyharderthanbefore.7.Inourschool,everyteacherisaskedtowriteoneortwoaaboutteachingeveryyear.8.Everythingtakenintoc,hehasdoneagoodjobthistime.9.Thefamousdoctorhasdhundredsofbabiesduringherlife.10.Itiscofyounottomakeanynoisewhiletheothersarehavingarest.ehaviournspiredrticlesonsiderationeliveredonsiderateⅡ.短語運用

carefor,carryon,put...todeath,setup,catchone’seye，devote...to,lookdownupon,onone’sown,makeup,workout1.Thegovernmentthecriminals_________byhangingthem.2.Weneedanotherthreeplayersto________ateam.3.Heisanindependentchild;hedoesallthethings___________.4.AfterheleftIjusttriedto_________asnormal.todeathmakeuponhisowncarryonput5.Theyounggirl________allhersparetimestudyingEnglish.6.You’ll_________theproblemifyoukeepworkingonit.7.Aspecialhospitalwas_______totreatSARSinBeijing.8.Hehatestobe_________________,sotreathimasourhonoredguest.9.Heisgoodat____________sickanimals.10.Iwaslookingthroughthenewspaperandsuddenlyaphoto______________.devotesworkoutsetuplookeddownuponcaringforcaughtmyeyetoⅢ.完成句子1.Mycarhasbeen__________________(車況良好)sinceitwasrepaired.2.Mr.Brown_______________(忠于)hiswife.3.Itis_______________________________(仔細考慮是值得的〕thewaytosolvetheseproblems.4.BynowI_________________________(迫不及待地想了解)moreabouther.5.Butitwasnothersuccessatuniversity_____________________(使她成名).6.Sheworkedhard____________________________________________(讓盡可能多的國家同意)nottousethem.ingoodconditionisdevotedtoworthwhileconsideringcarefullycannotwaittofindoutthatmadeherfamoustomakeasmanycountriesaspossibleagreeⅣ.單項填空1.Smokinginallpublicplaces，includingbars,restaurants,cafes,andhotels,_____prohibitedinNewZealand.Ifyousmoke，pleaseremembertosmokeoutside.C.hasbeenD.isbeing解析考察主謂一致及時態(tài)。因為句子的主語是smoking，故謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式;由句意可知此句是說明一種現(xiàn)在的事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，選A項。A2.IamsurethispaintingwasnotpaintedbyPicasso.It’sonlyanunsuccessfulfake(贗品)andsoit’s_____.解析priceless,invaluable和precious都表示“無價的,珍貴的〞;而worthless指“不值錢的，沒有價值的〞，符合句意。3.We’vealwayswantedahouseinthecountry,butwe____aboutwhereitshouldbe.A.argued B.hadarguedC.willargue D.arearguing解析由前一個分句知后半個分句應使用以現(xiàn)在為起點的時態(tài)，故排除A、B、C三項，選D項。CD4.Heistherightpersonyoucanrelyonto____yourresearchwhenyouareonvacationforthenexttwoweeks.A.takeupB.carryonC.fixonD.goover解析考察動詞短語辨析。carryonyourresearch繼續(xù)開展你的研究。takeup干擾性最大，但它的意思是“開場從事〞，而由句意“在你的兩周度假期間，他就是你可以依賴、繼續(xù)你的研究的人〞可知，研究工作早已經(jīng)開場，所以應該排除。B5.____thedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtodealwiththelackoffood,clothing,fuelandalmosteverything.A.AsfarasB.AslongasC.AswellasD.Assoonas解析考察固定搭配。句意為：除了來自敵人的危險，人們還要解決缺少食物、衣服、燃料等幾乎所有問題。aswellas=inadditionto，besides除了……。A、B、D三項只能引導句子。C6.Itwasfromtheyear2006____theChinesegovernmentstoppedraisingtaxesfromfarmers.解析考察強調(diào)句型。句意為：從2006年起,中國政府就停頓向農(nóng)民征收稅收。這是用強調(diào)句型強調(diào)時間狀語。A項前后時態(tài)不對,B項和C項表示定語從句，但如果空格后是定語從句,那么前面句子的意思不完整。D7.Believeitornot,intheUnitedStates,40percentofthetoys____