英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)精華版

句子成分定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分：主語和謂語次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語

㈠主語（subject）

句子說明的人或事物

Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）（句子）找出句中主語Thesunrisesintheeast.

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.

Helikesdancing.

Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名詞）

（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動名詞）

（不定式）（句子）(名詞化的形容詞）（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）㈡謂語

說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復合謂語由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancingShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名詞）

(

代詞）(數(shù)詞)(名詞化的形容詞)(三)賓語

動作的對象或承受者——及物動詞或介詞的賓語（不定式）（動名詞）（句子）賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動物.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語↓直接賓語●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.一)挑出下列句中的賓語①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.（四）表語在系動詞后的部分就是表語Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)不用于被動語態(tài)。

4）感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達"結(jié)果是;證明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

(二)挑出下列句中的表語--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.（五）定語

修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句

Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)定語后置：如果定語是由一個單詞表示時，通常要前置。而由一個詞組或一個句子表示時，通常則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?(三)挑出下列句中的定語1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!

（六）狀語

狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.(五)挑出下列句中的狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑥Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑦

ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（六）賓語補足語

有些及物動詞除了有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.

Sheaskedmetolendherahand.(四)挑出下列句中的賓語補足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后,賓語補足語變成主補.

Isawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewasseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam

Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmade

monitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.同位語位于名詞或代詞后面，說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況

Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句基本句型主語+謂語（不及物動詞）主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語主語+系動詞+表語主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語主語+謂語+賓語+賓補基本句型一主謂SVShecooksHeisworkingWhathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型二主系表S VPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型三主謂賓SVOWeTheyHeShestudyareplayingenjoyssaidEnglisheveryday.football.reading.“Goodmorning.”基本句型四SV（及物）OOIgivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.基本句型五SV（及物）O(賓語)C（賓補）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.Exercises:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappytoday.3）Whatyousaidmademehappy.4）CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.6）Helikespopmusic.7）Thesoundsoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabookyesterday.

10）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.劃分句子成分Youwill