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文檔簡介
SummaryWritingBytheendofthisperiod,youwillbeableto:1.beclearabout
thestepsofwritingasummary;2.know
howtogetthetopicsentence;3.write
asummarybyusingsometechniques.《普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科考試說明》概要寫作:提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文,要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。(滿分25分)評分標準第五檔(21-25分)1.理解準確,涵蓋所有要點2.
準確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞3.有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊4.完全使用自己的語言寫作步驟
1.Readfortopicandstructure2.Combinetopicsentenceandkeywords3.Rewrite/paraphrase
1ReadforTopicandStructure
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalbones.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.
Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat
zoochosis
iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.
ReadforTopicandStructure
2ReadforTopicSentenceandKeyWords
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.②However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.
ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.1&2?
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.②However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.
ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.1&2提出問題
導(dǎo)入?動物園觀點事實說明
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.②However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.
ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.1&2?動物園觀點
主題句事實說明
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments---mostlyforentertainmentpurposes---isfairandrespectful?
①Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.
②However,
mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.③Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.
ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWords?Para.1&2作者觀點
Keepinganimals..............................................isunfairbecause
①Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.②Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.③Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.
ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.3
①Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,but
visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.②Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.③Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.
ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.3?分析原因
①Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.
②Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.③Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals'naturalneeds.
ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.3
主題句
①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.
③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat
zoochosis
iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.④Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.4
①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.
②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.
③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat
zoochosis
iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.④Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.4事實論證
①Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.②Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.
③Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat
zoochosis
iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.④Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.4事實論證
主題句主題句的標志1.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句,對此問題的解答通常是主旨
2.
段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,該句很可能是主題句3.具體實例之前通常是主旨4.
下列詞之后通常是主旨:
however,but,yet,anyhow,therefore,so,thus,allinall,what'smore,furthermore,actually,insteadof......5.下列詞之前通常是主旨:
forexample,first,second......
①Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.②Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.③Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.④Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.⑤Haven'tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.5
主題句補充解釋
①Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.②Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWordsPara.6
主題句
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalbones.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.
Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat
zoochosis
iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.
ReadforTopicSentencesandKeyWords
?however......but............,Furthermore......Insteadof......
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalbones.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange.Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.
Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthat
zoochosis
iscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreedingofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.
ReadforTopicandStructure
P1P2P3P4P6P5議論文寫作模板論點論據(jù)結(jié)論3Rewrite/Paraphrase理解準確,涵蓋所有要點有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊完全使用自己的語言準確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯理解準確,涵蓋所有要點對應(yīng)評分標準高度概況(找出主題句)刪除細節(jié)同義替換句式運用(非謂語動詞,省略,主動與被動,倒裝)巧妙的銜接詞概要寫作高分技能詞詞替換:包括同義詞、近義詞、反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換詞性:指用同一個單詞的不同形式,詞形不同,意思一樣短語與短語替換同義替換Para1&2.
Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfair
and
respectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting
“things”
ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningful
abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin
unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.詞詞替換---同義詞、近義詞、反義詞unfairsignificantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthatanimalsdisrespectfulPara1&2.
Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfairandrespectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”
ofinteresting
“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningful
abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin
unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.轉(zhuǎn)換詞性---詞形不同,意思一樣unfairsignificantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthat
collectdestroy
destruction
disrespectfulanimalsdoharmtocausedestruction/damagetodamage/harm/hurt
(vt.)Para1&2.
Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfairandrespectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting
“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything
meaningful
abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin
unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.短語與短語替換unfairsignificantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthat
collectdestroy
destruction
inzoos
Theyfailedtolearnsomething
causeTheydestroythemselves.Theycausedestruction/damagetothemselves.animalsdisrespectfulleadtoTheydoharmtothemselves.Theyhaven'tincreasedtheirknowledge
改變句子結(jié)構(gòu),運用不同的句式來表達與原句相同的句意。常用的策略有:改變語態(tài),簡單句變復(fù)合句,從句變分詞,省略,倒裝句式運用Para1&2.
Keepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments...isfairandrespectful?.......mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting
“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.P3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything
meaningful
abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.P4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin
unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.P5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.P6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.Paraphrase---句式運用unfairabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthat
collect
inzoos
leadtoTheydestroythemselves.animals1.
becausemostzoosonlycollectinterestinganimalsbutdon'tprotectthem.
2.
animalsinzoosbecausemostzoosonlycollectinterestinganimalsbutdon'tprotectthem.disrespectful
it作形式主語doing
作主語Keepinganimalsinzoosisunfair
Itisunfairtokeep
Para3.Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything
meaningful
abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Para4.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,.......Thisresultsin
unusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalled
zoochosis.Para5.Mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Para6.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats.Paraphrase---句式運用significantabnormaldyingoutorganizationsthatdestroy
destruction
Theyfailedtolearnsomething
leadtoTheydestroythemselves.Theycausedestruction/damagetothemselves.Para3.
Visitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanything
meaningful
abouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Paraphrase---句式運用Theyfailedtolearnsomething
1.
,theyfailedtolearns
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