長難句直播32021考研課程

2021316Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butrather(而是changesinthatbiomassovertime.Theirmethodsattempttoestimatechangesinthatbiomassovertime.Theirmethodsfocusonthechangeofstockconcerning（關(guān)于）theoceanspecies. (T/F)（T)50年前100萬條stock 10萬theactualbiomass（生物數(shù)量）(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatteroffishspecies（各種魚not…but不是……而是【主干識(shí)別】Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomassbutocean做后置定語修飾biomass，inthatbiomassovertime后置定語修飾changes；【難點(diǎn)】estimate的賓語為theactualbiomass和changes的并列，并列連詞為but,在閱讀的過程中往往會(huì)由于長定語的分割而產(chǎn)生閱讀的；【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】多個(gè)定語在修飾著changes因此順序應(yīng)該做符合中文習(xí)慣的Oneleadingauthoritysaysthat(theseintenselypowerfulmentalevents=dreams)canbenotonlyharnessedbut(also)actuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.Dreamsmaynotentirelybelongtounconsciousness,accordingtooneleadingCurb curbcontrol，原意是韁繩的意思，這個(gè)單詞為考conscious【其他成分】賓語從句的主干是theseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol;notonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞harnessed和brought；tohelpussleepandfeelbetter為目的狀語【難點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞的并列造成識(shí)別上的Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.同位語的本質(zhì)就是指代關(guān)系：指代這個(gè)句子Theactive（主動(dòng)）decisionisarealchallengeforrobots.Thefurtherlaborsaving（節(jié)約勞動(dòng)的）utility(運(yùn)用demandsmoresupervision.（F）Thefurtherlaborsaving（節(jié)約勞動(dòng)的）utility(運(yùn)用)demandslesssupervision.【詞匯突破 utility運(yùn)supervision【主干識(shí)別】theywillhavetooperateandbeabletomakeafewdecisions.and【其他成分】Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility狀語；withlesshumansupervision狀語；atleast狀語；goalsthatposearealchallenge整個(gè)句子的同位語?！疚⒂^解析】同位語 被定語從句修飾【難點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞的并列，狀語的；同位語的識(shí)別需要關(guān)注【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】對(duì)于thenextsageofaboravingutility的處理，如果直譯就是：如果機(jī)器人要達(dá)定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語。Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediaydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.TheFeddecreasedtheinterestrate,suggestingtheeconomyisThehumanmindcanprocesstheinformationwithhighaccuracyandspeed.Themonkeyandsuspiciousfacementionedinthetextaretherelevant disregard拋棄，丟棄irrelevant不相干instantaneously立即winding蜿蜒曲折的suspicious可疑的【主干識(shí)別】thehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediaydisregardthe98percent并列的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞glimpsedisregard【其他成分】thatisirrelevant修飾the98percent;focusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，focus的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者就是句子主語humanmind?！疚⒂^解析】themonkeyorthesinglesuspiciousfacefocuson【難 】動(dòng)詞的并列在主句中出現(xiàn)；而在現(xiàn)在分詞短語中出現(xiàn)并列賓語98％的不AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearchbutalsoachanging（發(fā)生了改變）definitionofwhatconstitutes(構(gòu)成要素)anacceptableresearchpaper.英文中的名詞英文中的名詞/形容詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分 翻譯為中文中的動(dòng)詞英文中的名詞從句可以直接翻譯為中文中的名詞TheeconomicsystemofAmericadetermineswhatshallbeproducedandhowtheyshallbe的經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)決定了生產(chǎn)什么以及生產(chǎn)方式Thedefinitionofelementsconcerningsomeresearchpaperhasundergoneachange.Thestressongeologyhascapturedwideattention.(F/NG notgiven)Some是福利！Aof1.BA不翻譯constitutes…【其他成分】ofBritishgeologicalpublicationscomparison,overthelastcenturyandahalfpublications，anincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch賓語，achangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper并列賓語【微觀解析】anincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearchontheprimacyofresearchemphasis;researchdefinitionwhatof的賓語，what為賓語從【譯文賞析】將過去一個(gè)半世紀(jì)英國地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的物做一下比較，(我們)就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對(duì)科研的主導(dǎo)地位的強(qiáng)調(diào)不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】在這個(gè)句中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)名詞一個(gè)是comparison，還有一個(gè)為emphasis，其中還有一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞changing；在翻譯的處理上都翻譯為動(dòng)詞，并增加概說的主語“我們”。IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomersdemands.IbelievethemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesame(1）fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,2）lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersand3）enlargedthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomersforcesthemassiveM&AwavetheglobalizationprocessM&A（并購）wave原因promotesthefallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts結(jié)因果倒置【詞匯突破】M&Amergersandacquisitions的縮寫表示合并和兼并的意思為經(jīng)濟(jì)術(shù)語。tradeandinvestmentbarriersglobalizationprocess全球化進(jìn)程(可以作為寫作詞匯使用【主干識(shí)別】Ibelievethat+賓語從【其他成分】themostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesame為賓語從句主干；thatunderlietheglobalizationprocess為定語從句；“：”后為對(duì)forces的解釋；andinvestmentbarriers和enlargedmarkets后面接一個(gè)定語從句thatrequireenlargedoperations和后置定語形容詞短語：capableofmeetingcustomersdemands【難點(diǎn)】并列的三種力量，由于修飾語比較長和并列連詞較多使其解析較難Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.ItisentirelyforauditorstobelievescientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisontheTherationalscientistsdeservethetrustinregardto(關(guān)于theallocationof【詞匯突破】auditorsdistract【主干識(shí)別】Itisentirelyreasonabletobelievethat賓語從句.【其他成分】forauditors狀語；scientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.賓語從句。goingandhowtheywillgetthere定語從句修飾scientist；wheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthere定語從句中know的賓語從句；bythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.狀語；ofkeeoneeyeonthecashregister修飾thenecessity作定語。whiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope狀語修飾kee getthere處理為知道做什么，知道怎么做，這樣的表達(dá)符合中文的習(xí)慣。如果直接翻譯為：Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Wearetreatedtofine(非常hypocriticalspectacles景象我們看到Wearetreated (我們聽到ThecriticofAmericanmaterialismishypocritical.（正確Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocritical2.hypocriticalspectaclesnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:（）1）thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;（1）2）thepublisherofradicalbooks/whotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;3）thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracy(參與式)/inallphasesoflife,/whoseownchildrenareenrolledin（就讀于）privateschools.spectaclesampleradical激進(jìn)的，根本的journalist，工作者advocate支持participatorydemocracyenrolledin入學(xué)，入【主干識(shí)別】wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply之后列出三種虛偽的景象的代表人物，舉例說明【微觀解析】定語從句還原為一個(gè)完整的句子：Thespectaclesnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply.其主干為：Thespectaclesseeminamplesupply；nowmorethanever為狀語。代表人物一thecriticofAmericanmaterialism（物質(zhì)主義的批評(píng)者）withaSouthampton進(jìn)書的者）whotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants，定語從句講他們卻在三星級(jí)酒店就餐（因?yàn)榧みM(jìn)主義者往往是最求生活極簡的）；代表人物三thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife（支持在人生的各個(gè)階段推崇參與制的）whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools定語從句講他們自己的孩子卻在私立學(xué)校上【難點(diǎn)】冒號(hào)后并列的三個(gè)部分就是三個(gè)名詞后面接上比較長的定語修飾，這樣就造成了閱讀的；式物質(zhì)主義的人卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進(jìn)書籍的商卻在三星級(jí)餐廳【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles如果直接翻譯那就是：我們被招待了很好的虛偽景象；這樣的說法并不符合中文的習(xí)慣，中文是多主動(dòng)，英語多，因此句子轉(zhuǎn)譯為：我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景fine處理為非常。ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."Thenotesupsetthereaders.Thelineupsetthereaders.Butitisalittleupsetting（我們不免困惑不安toreadintheexplanatorynotesthat//acertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridge/theybothfalloffbridgeintotheriver—tofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."【詞匯突破】explanatoryupsettingconsistsofitisalittleupsettingtoreadthat+andthentofindthat+賓語從句；形式主語句，句子主語為toreadandtofind.在主語中帶有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式中的賓語從句；【其他成分】intheexplanatorynotes狀語；acertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridge賓語從句主干；offwhichtheybothfallintotheriver起連接句子作用的定語從句；thelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers賓語從句主干；"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."Line的同位語?！疚⒂^解析】offwhichtheybothfallintotheriver還原為一個(gè)句子就是：theybothfallintotheriveroffthebridge.【難點(diǎn)】主語是兩個(gè)并列的成分識(shí)別并列主語是一點(diǎn)"撲通，撲通，185公斤重"這類對(duì)他們落水時(shí)以及對(duì)軍官們體重的描寫時(shí)，我們不免感到困惑不安。TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Thecustomersareattractedbytheonlineinteractivity,hospitality,andsecurity.Virtual ,andotherpioneersselltherightkindsofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersobtaininteractivity,hospitality,andsecurity(T)TheWebsitewithinteractivity,hospitality,andsecurityattainsthecompetitiveedge（獲得競爭=willattractonlineTheexamplesofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersshowthat//aWebsitesellingtherightkindofproducts//withtherightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.hospitalitysecurity【主干識(shí)別】Theexamplesshowthat…+賓語從句；主謂賓結(jié)【其他成分】ofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneers作example的同位語；我們把其看作為：AofB的結(jié)構(gòu)，A為上義詞，B為下義詞，這樣在翻譯的處理中我們不需要生硬的翻譯為“……的例子”；aWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.賓語從句sellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecurity現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾awebsite;賓語從句主干為：aWebsitewillattractonline后置定語中也出現(xiàn)并列產(chǎn)生，這樣了產(chǎn)生了?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】賓語從句單獨(dú)成句 在翻譯exampleof…的時(shí)候翻譯為“像……”Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theygathervariousdata.Theygatherallthedatatheycannotjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperiments/withhighachievers(優(yōu)秀的人).【詞匯突破】statisticsachievers獲得成功的人【主干識(shí)別】Theygatherallthedata.【其他成分】theycan的完整表達(dá)為：thattheycangather;that和gather；notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers整個(gè)部分是data的同位語。theresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachieverswithhighachievers為定語修飾experiments.【難點(diǎn)】同位語部分出現(xiàn)并列現(xiàn)象造成比較冗長產(chǎn)生閱讀難點(diǎn)也包括了那些取得了表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異者在實(shí)驗(yàn)中的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。補(bǔ)充一些心理學(xué)術(shù)語biographicalcharacteristics biographicaldata biographicalinventory BiographicalInventoryforR&T 科研人才甄選傳記式 傳記式問卷測 傳記研biographicaltypecase 傳記式個(gè)案研Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholdersmeeting,Levinassertedthat"musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills"andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Therapmusicmaybeblamedforthecauseofsociety’sSomedenouncerapmusicasthecauseofsociety’sDuringthediscussionofrocksingingverses(歌詞atlastmonth’sstockholdersmeetingLevinassertedthat"musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills"andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.【詞匯突破】versestockholderassertsocialill.【其他成分】Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholdersmeeting狀語；musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills賓語從句主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；ateacherintheBronx,NewYork同位語；whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.定語從句修飾ateacher。【難點(diǎn)】并列的動(dòng)詞和同位語構(gòu)成一定的閱讀難【譯文賞析】在上個(gè)月的股東大會(huì)上關(guān)于搖滾歌詞的討論中，宣稱說："音樂不是社會(huì)問題的原因"，他甚至還以他的兒子為例。他的兒子是紐約州克斯的一個(gè)教師，他兒子正在用說唱音樂與學(xué)生們?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】將同位語單獨(dú)翻譯為一個(gè)句子是在翻譯中的常用手法Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect",acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Thephysician-assistedsuicideisstillTheintentionofactorsjustifiestheTheharmfuleffectscanbeavoidedwithmoralThegoodeffectscanbebroughtbypeople’sThemedicalprinciplehastwinTheactionispermittedwiththegrantofthe1.AlthoughtheCourtruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assisted\\2.theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doublethemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect"wasacenturies-oldmoralmoralprinciplethemedicalprincipleof"double 原則holding(認(rèn)為)\6.anactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisanactionispermissibleiftheactor(行為人intendsonlythegoodThephysician-assistedsuicideisstillillegal.