【創(chuàng)新設計】高考英語總復習 215第五章動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)（江蘇專用）

第五章動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)

△動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)講解△動詞時態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時1．一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法主要表示目前的特征或狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作、客觀存在及普遍真理等?！纠?】I________allthecookingformyfamily，butrecentlyI'vebeentoobusytodoit.(2010·遼寧)A．willdoB．doC．a(chǎn)mdoingD．haddone答案B【例2】Theteachersaidthatthesun________intheeast.A．roseB．raisesC．risesD．isrising答案C2．一般現(xiàn)在時在狀語從句中的用法在以when，until(till)，assoonas，bythetime，after，before等引導的時間狀語從句或以if，unless，once等引導的條件狀語從句以及以nomatterwhen，however，evenif等引導的讓步狀語從句中，如果主句中的動詞用一般將來時，從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。【例3】—When________again?—Whenhe________，I'llletyouknow.A．hecomes；comes B．willhecome；willcomeC．hecomes；willcome D．willhecome；comes答案D【例4】Ican'ttellyouifit________tomorrowifyou________me.A．rains；willask B．shallrain；askC．willrain；ask D．wouldrain；willask答案C二、一般過去時1．一般過去時的基本用法(1)表示在過去某個時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，或表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性或習慣性動作。(2)常用的時間狀語有：yesterday，lastyear，theotherday，justnow，threedaysago，in1999等?！纠?】SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincethe1900s，whenpeople________toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.A．begin B．beganC．havebegun D．hadbegun答案B【例6】—Nancyisnotcomingtonight.—Butshe________！A．promises B．promisedC．willpromise D．hadpromised答案B2．一般過去時用于狀語從句的表達方式在時間、條件等狀語從句中用一般過去時表示過去將來時?！纠?】Hesaidhewouldgotoseehismotherwhenhe________fromabroad.A．returned B．wasreturnedC．wouldreturn D．hadreturned答案A【例8】Helen________herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________home.A．hasleft；comes B．left；hadcomeC．hadleft；came D．hadleft；wouldcome答案C三、現(xiàn)在進行時1．現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法表示此時此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。【例9】—I'mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends________forus.A．willwait B．waitC．havewaited D．a(chǎn)rewaiting答案D【例10】Thesedaysmyfather________anovel.A．writes B．iswritingC．haswritten D．willwrite答案B2．用進行時表示將來的情況某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時可表示計劃或安排好了的將來動作。常見的這類動詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，takeoff等?！纠?1】He________toseeyoutomorrow.A．comes B．hascomeC．iscoming D．wascoming答案C3．a(chǎn)lways等副詞在進行時中表達的意義always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副詞和現(xiàn)在進行時連用，表達說話人的某種感情，即“贊揚”或“厭惡”等，可譯為“老是、總是”?！纠?2】John________ofwhathecandoforothers.A．a(chǎn)lwaysthink B．isalwaysthinkingC．hasalwaysthought D．willalwaysthink答案B【例13】You________TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?A．a(chǎn)lwayswatchB．a(chǎn)realwayswatchingC．havealwayswatchedD．havealwaysbeenwatched答案B4．一般不用于進行時的動詞狀態(tài)動詞或靜態(tài)動詞通常不用于進行時態(tài)。如：like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belongto，concern，contain，cost，dependon，deserve，have(有)，haveon，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound等?！纠?4】I________Tomquitewell.Wewereintroducedataparty.A．a(chǎn)mknowing B．wasknowingC．know D．hadbeenknowing答案C【例15】—Youaredrinkingtoomuch.—Onlyathome.Noone________mebutyou.A．isseeing B．hadseenC．sees D．saw答案C四、過去進行時1．過去進行時的基本用法表示在過去某一時刻或某一階段正在發(fā)生的動作。【例16】Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket，wherepeople________allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(2010·湖南)A．sell B．weresellingC．hadsold D．havesold答案B【例17】—Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.—WherewasI?—You________youdidn'tlikeyourfather'sjob.A．hadsaid B．saidC．weresaying D．hadbeensaying答案C【例18】Shirley________abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A．haswritten B．wroteC．hadwritten D．waswriting答案D2．過去進行時的其他用法(1)表示某個短暫性動作發(fā)生的背景。(2)與always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副詞連用，可表示某種感情色彩?！纠?9】Helosthiswatchwhenhe________football.A．played B．wasplayingC．hadplayed D．wouldplay答案B【例20】TheleadersthoughtillofMrs.Black，becauseshe________.A．wasalwayscomplainingB．hadalwayscomplainedC．wouldalwayscomplainD．willalwaysbecomplaining答案A五、現(xiàn)在完成時1．現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法主要強調(diào)“過去”和“現(xiàn)在”的關系，須注意下面幾點：(1)指過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時一般不與具體的過去時間狀語或when從句連用。(3)短暫性動詞的完成時一般不與段時間狀語連用。(4)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的時間狀語有：inthepastfewyears，bynow，uptonow，sofar，already，yet，since，forfiveyears，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，thisweek(month，year)，manytimes，just等。【例21】—I'msorry，butIdon'tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，I________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20. (2010·北京)A．hadn'tmade B．wouldn'tmakeC．don'tmake D．haven'tmade答案D【例22】They________friendssincetheymetinShanghai.A．havemade B．havebecomeC．havebeen D．haveturned答案C【例23】—IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherbirthday.—Oh，hownice!Doyouknowwhenshe________？A．wasleaving B．hadleftC．hasleft D．left答案D2．現(xiàn)在完成時在It/This/Thatisthefirst/secondtime(that)．..結構中的應用該結構中，that引導的從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時。【例24】—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No，thisisthefirsttimeI________here.A．was B．havebeenC．came D．a(chǎn)mcoming答案B3．現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的比較相同點：都表示動作發(fā)生在過去。不同點：現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關；一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在無關?！纠?5】—Youdidn'tlockthebackdoor.—Youarewrong.I________.A．didlockit B．havelockeditC．lockitmyself D．dolockit答案A【例26】Howcanyoupossiblymissthenews?It________onTValldaylong.A．hasbeen B．hadbeenC．was D．willbe答案A【例27】—DoesLiuHuiserveinthearmy?—No，buthe________inthearmyfor3years.A．served B．hasservedC．isserving D．wouldserve答案A4．現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去某個時候開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作；現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已完成。如：I'vebeenwritinganarticle.(還在寫)/I'vewrittenanarticle.(已寫好)【例28】I'mtiredout.I________allafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything. (2010·湖南)A．shopped B．haveshoppedC．hadshopped D．havebeenshopping答案D六、過去完成時1．過去完成時基本用法(1)表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作(即所謂的“過去的過去”)。(2)表示從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時刻的動作或狀態(tài)?！纠?9】IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey________forme.(2010·北京)A．haddone B．didC．woulddo D．weredoing答案A2．過去完成時表示“本來……”的用法動詞think，expect，hope，suppose，want，plan，mean，intend等用于過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，意為“本來……”。【例30】They________tohelp，buttheycouldnotgetthereintime.A．want B．hadwantedC．werewanting D．havewanted答案B3．用于某些特殊結構(1)It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtime(that)＋過去完成時(2)Itwas＋段時間＋since＋過去完成時(3)nosooner...than...或hardly...when...的主句謂語要用過去完成時(4)含“by＋過去時間點”或“bythetime＋一般過去時”的句子常用過去完成時?！纠?1】Thiswasthefirsttimewe________athome.A．met B．hadmetC．wasmet D．wouldmeet答案B【例32】We________hardlyarrivedwhenit________torain.A．had；began B．have；beganC．不填；began D．不填；hadbegan答案A【例33】Bytheendoflastyear，anothernewgymnasium________inBeijing.A．wouldbecompleted B．wasbeingcompletedC．hasn'tbeencompleted D．hadbeencompleted答案D七、一般將來時表示在將來的某個時候?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。1．“will/shall＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法will可用于各種人稱，shall一般只用于第一人稱?！纠?4】Greatchanges________takeplaceinthefuture.A．wouldB．willC．didD．shall答案B注：will用于條件狀語從句時，表示“愿意”?！纠?5】Ifyou________gotothecountryside，you________go.A．shall；shall B．will；mayC．will；shall D．shall；may答案B2．“begoingto＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法表示打算和預測?！纠?6】Thefilm________thisSunday.A．isgoingtobeshown B．isshowingC．istoshow D．willhavebeenshown答案A3．“beto＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法表示按計劃或安排即將要發(fā)生的動作，有時也表示命令、禁止或可能性?！纠?7】Theteachersaid，“Alltheexercises________behandedinontime.”A．will B．a(chǎn)retoC．a(chǎn)reaboutto D．a(chǎn)regoingto答案B4．“beaboutto＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法表示即將要發(fā)生的事，通常不與具體的時間狀語連用?！纠?8】Look!Herecomesataxi.We________leave.A．shall B．a(chǎn)reabouttoC．a(chǎn)reto D．a(chǎn)regoingto答案B5．“bedueto＋動詞原形”表示將來的用法表示按計劃或時間表將要發(fā)生某事?！纠?9】Thestrike________beginonTuesday.A．isdueto B．isabouttoC．shall D．a(chǎn)regoingto答案A6．will/shall與begoingto的區(qū)別(1)begoingto可用于條件狀語從句表示將來，而shall/will一般不可?！纠?0】Ifyou________tomyhouse，you'dbetterphonemefirst.A．willcoming B．shallcomeC．a(chǎn)regoingtocome D．istocome答案C(2)跡象表明要發(fā)生某事，只用begoingto。【例41】Lookatthoseblackclouds.It________rain.A．willB．isgoingtoC．shallD．isaboutto答案B(3)若強調(diào)某個意圖是經(jīng)過事先考慮好的，用begoingto；若表示某個意圖沒經(jīng)過事先考慮，而是在說話時的臨時決定，則用will/shall?！纠?2】—Maryisinhospital.—Oh，really?Ididn'tknow.I________visither.A．a(chǎn)mgoingto B．willC．a(chǎn)mto D．a(chǎn)maboutto答案B【例43】—Maryisinhospital.—Yes，Iknow.I________visithertomorrow.A．a(chǎn)mgoingto B．willC．a(chǎn)mto D．a(chǎn)maboutto答案A八、將來進行時表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，一般帶狀語?！纠?4】—Guesswhat，we'vegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.—Hownice！You________adifferentculturethen.(2010·福建)A．willbeexperiencing B．haveexperiencedC．havebeenexperiencing D．willhaveexperienced答案A【例45】Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring，you________freshwatermeloninthefall.(2010·浙江)A．eat B．wouldeatC．haveeaten D．willbeeating答案D九、過去將來時1．過去將來時的基本用法表示從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，多用于主句謂語動詞是一般過去時的賓語從句中。【例46】ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________. (2010·全國Ⅰ)A．ismade B．wouldmakeC．wastobemade D．hadmade答案C2．用過去進行時表示過去將來時某些動詞(如：go，start，come，leave，arrive，takeoff等)的過去進行時，可以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作?！纠?7】—Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.—Oh，Ithoughtthathe________today.A．wascoming B．iscomingC．willcome D．comes答案A十、將來完成時指將來某一時刻已完成的動作。常用于將來完成時的時間狀語有：bythetime，bytheendof，by等?！纠?8】BythetimeJanegetshome，heraunt________forLondontoattendameeting.A．willleave B．leavesC．willhaveleft D．left答案C十一、時態(tài)呼應時態(tài)呼應是指從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)受主句謂語動詞時態(tài)的制約。時態(tài)呼應的兩個特點：(1)當主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句謂語動詞不受限制。(2)當主句謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)時，從句謂語動詞要與其保持一致，即用相應的過去時態(tài)?！纠?9】IknowthatJane________forLondonlastweekand________bebackuntilnextSunday.A．hadleft；won'tB．left；won'tC．wasleaving；willD．left；will答案B【例50】Theoldmantoldmethathe________inthecityfor50years.A．haslivedB．waslivingC．hadlivedD．willlive答案C注：當從句表示的是一個永恒的真理或表明一個人或東西的經(jīng)常性特點時，可以不受主句謂語動詞時態(tài)的約束。【例51】WhenIwasfiveyearsold，mymother________methattheearth________roundthesun.A．told；goes B．hadtold；goesC．told；went D．hadtold；went答案A【例52】Didhesaythetrain________at6：45?A．willleave B．hadleftC．hasleft D．leaves答案D動詞語態(tài)一、定義與用法英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)則表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)由“be/get＋過去分詞”構成。【例1】Thiscoastalarea________anationalwildlifereservelastyear. (2010·湖南)A．wasnamed B．namedC．isnamed D．names答案A【例2】Thisoldbookcase________whenwemovedit.A．damaged B．hasdamagedC．gotdamaged D．wasbeingdamaged答案C二、兩種特殊的被動語態(tài)1．雙賓語動詞的被動語態(tài)英語中有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give，buy，bring，show，pass，offer，lend，leave，tell，write，sing，teach等，這些動詞用于被動結構時，可以將其中任何一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，而另一個賓語仍保留在謂語后面。如：Heboughtmemanybooks.→Iwasboughtmanybooks.或Manybookswereboughtforme.【例3】I________tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A．gave B．wasgivenC．wasgiving D．hadgiven答案B2．短語動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞是由“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋名詞＋介詞”等結構構成的動詞短語，在被動語態(tài)結構中，不能漏掉其后的介詞?！纠?】—WhydoesLinglinglooksounhappy?—She________byherclassmates.A．haslaughed B．haslaughedatC．hasbeenlaughed D．hasbeenlaughedat答案D三、主動表被動的若干情形1．系動詞(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove等)要用主動表被動?！纠?】Althoughalloftheapples________，noneofthem________good.A．havebeentasted；tasteB．havebeentasted；aretastedC．havetasted；taste D．havetasted；aretasted答案A2．英語中有些動詞如：open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，cut，wear，carry等，當主語是物，且又表示主語的特征和狀態(tài)時，要用主動形式表被動含義?！纠?】Thestockings________easily.A．tear B．a(chǎn)retornC．tearing D．a(chǎn)rebeingtorn答案A【例7】Beingpopularwithcustomers，theproducts________wellandmaybe________intwomonths.A．sell；sellout B．a(chǎn)resold；selloutC．sell；willbesoldout D．a(chǎn)resold；willbesoldout答案C3．不定式toblame用作表語，通常用主動表被動。【例8】Thepolicyispartly________forcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.A．tobeblamed B．toblameC．beingblamed D．blaming答案B4．“主語＋be＋形容詞＋todo”結構中的不定式通常要用主動形式表示被動意義。這類形容詞常見的有：convenient，comfortable，dangerous，difficult，hard，easy，impossible，interesting，nice，pleasant，safe，tough，tricky，unpleasant等。【例9】Thechairlooksratherhard，butinfactitisverycomfortable________.A．tosit B．tositonC．tobesaton D．forsitting答案B【例10】Alotofpeoplefindmodernartveryhard________.A．understood B．tobeunderstoodC．tounderstand D．beingunderstood答案C5．不定式用于某些動詞(如：have[有]，get，want，need等)的賓語后作定語時，如果不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。【例11】Ihavesomeclothes________now，soIcan'tgoouttoplay.A．towash B．tobewashedC．washing D．beingwashed答案A注：若不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，則應用被動式?！纠?2】Sir，doyouhavesomething________？I'mfreenow.A．totype B．typingC．tobetyped D．tohavetyped答案C6．在“with＋賓語＋不定式”結構中，不定式表示將來的動作，且其邏輯主語是句子的主語，該不定式常用主動表被動?！纠?3】Withsomanydifficultproblems________，Idon'tknowifI'llhavetimetogocampingwithmyfriendsthisweekend.A．tosettle B．settledC．tobesettled D．havet