初中英語動詞不定式及練習題

初中英語動詞不定式用法動詞不定式是由“不定式符號to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)?有些動詞不定式不帶to,動詞不定式可以作句子的主語?表語?賓語?定語?補語?狀語或單獨使用?不定式保留動詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語?狀語等?動詞不定式和它后面的賓語?狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語,叫作不定式短語？一?用作主語直接把動詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語一一動詞不定式置于句末,特別是不定式短語較長時?動詞不定式作主語,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式?帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置于句首,復合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句末?如：.Itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwiththeseproblems..Theheadteachersaiditwasnecessarytotalkwithhismother..HowtolearnEnglishwellisimportant..Toseeistobelieve.（眼見為實；百聞不如一見）二?用作表語動詞不定式作表語,常說明主語的內(nèi)容?性質(zhì)?特征?如：.ThebestwayistojoinanEnglishclub..Thefirstthingistolistentotheteachercarefully.三?用作賓語.可以接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有:要求選擇同意(ask,choose,agree),期望決定學習(expect,hope,decide,learn),寧可假裝知1道(prefer,pretend,know),希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)?如：1)Wedecidedtotalktosomestudentsaboutwhytheygothere.2)Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.3)IdlovetovisitMexico..動詞decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell...,介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on...可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to?如：1)Couldyoupleasetellmewheretoparkmycar?2)Itgivesadviceonwhattodoinlotsofdifferentsituations..動詞feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語 動詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是...feel/find/make/...it+adj./n.+todo...?如：Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything..既可接動詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語,意思差別不太大的動詞有begin,start,like,love等?一般說來,動詞不定式表一次?數(shù)次的具體動作?將來動作或動作的全過程,ving形式表習慣性的連續(xù)動作?但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴格，特別是美國英語,即使是習慣性的動作也可以用動詞不定式?如：ThenIstartedtowatchTv.Iambeginningtounderstandmyparents.begin用了進行時態(tài),后面只接不定式作賓語,表示事情剛開始,還要繼續(xù)下去?Iliketoeatvegetables.感知動詞like,love,know等一般不用進行時態(tài)？5.后接動詞不定式或ving形式作賓語,意思差別較大的動詞有forget,remember等?后接不定式作賓語,表動作尚未發(fā)生;后接ving形式作賓語,表動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生?stoptodo停下來做另外一件事,todo是目的狀語;stopdoing停止做？不做當前這件事,doing是賓語。trytodo盡力做,trydoing試試看;goontodo接著做另外的事,goondoing繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1)WhenIlefthome,Iforgottobringitwithme.2)Istoppedusingthemlastyear.四、用作定語.句子的主語或賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語,不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動賓關(guān)系.1)Ihavesomanyclothestowashtoday.2)Ican'tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.3)Wehavenohousestolivein..動詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place,time,way等時,不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1)Heneedstimetodohomework.)Hewantstoknowthebestwaytotravelaroundthecity..在“therebe...”句型里,句子的主語是動詞不定式動作的對象：1)There’sjustsomuchtoseeanddohere.)...buttherearestillmanythingstodothere.五、用作賓語補足語.帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞主要有:要求允許提議(ask,allow,,advise),期望邀請鼓勵(?*口05,,invite,encourage),教導告訴想要(teach,tell,want),等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如:1)Idinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes..動詞不定式作補語,在主動語態(tài)句里不帶to,被動語態(tài)句里帶to時多數(shù)動詞是感官動詞和使役動詞，包括四“看"：lookat,observe,see,watch,三“讓"：have,let,make,二“聽"：hear,listento,一“感覺”：feel,一“注意"：notice。如：1)Thispicturemakesmefeelexcited!2)WesawLiuYuplaybaseballlastweek..help后接動詞不定式作補語,to可帶可不帶。theycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.2)UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.六、用作狀語.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時常表示強調(diào)。如：1)Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.2)Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.3)Shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughter..原因狀語,多見于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：Ifeelveryluckytohavehim.heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.結(jié)果狀語,多見于“too...to"，“enoughto...”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：I'mtootiredtodoitwell.2)Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.七、動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for/ofsb.todosth.”，for/of引出不定式動作的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of,主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來,。￡前面的形容詞是careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等,既說明人的特性,又說明不定式動作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等，一般說明不定式動作的特性，前面如果是名詞用for。如：t’sagoodideaforparentstoallowchildrentostudyingroupsduringtheevening.2.It’swiseofhimtodoitwell.3)Isitinterestingforthebabytoplaywithapetdog?八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語動詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what,which,who或疑問副詞how,when,where,why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等，或者單獨使用。要注意的是,why后面的不定式不帶to。如：.用作句子的成分。1)Idon'tknowwhattotrynext.(作賓語)2)Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主語).單獨使用時相當于一個特殊疑問句。1)Whattodonext?(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?2)Whygothere?(=Whydowe/yougothere?九、動詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not/nevertodo...,不帶to的不定式的否定式是not/neverdo...如：.Theydecidenottotalktoeachother..Hisparentstellhimnevertoplaysoccerinthestreet.單項選擇:()1.Theteachertoldthemmakesomuchnoise.don’tnotwillnotnotto2.Mymotheroftentellsmesomanymistakes.nottomaketonotmakedon'tmakenotmake3.Tellhimthewindow.toshut(關(guān))notnottoshuttonotshutnotshut4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.nottonottodonotdoitdonotto()5.MrsSmithwarned(警告)herdaughterafterdrinking.nevertodrivetoneverdriveneverdrivingneverdrive()6.Thedoctoraskedthepatientrichfoodaftertheoperation(手術(shù)).toeatnoteatingnotnottoeatnoteating()7.Theworkerswantustogetherwiththem.A.workworkingtoworkworked()8.Isawhimoutoftheroom.gowentC.isgoingD.goes()9.Heoftenmakeshislittlesister,crycryingcriedtocry10There'resomanykindsofnewbikesonsalethatIcanmakeupmymindtobuy.whatwhichC.howD.where()11.Hecan’tdecidetostayornot.whetherifeitherifhewill()12. Thelightintheofficeisstillon. Oh,Iforgot.turningitoffturnitofftoturnitoffturneditoff()13.Weagreedhere.metmeetingtomeetD.meet()14.Frankisthekindofpersonwhopeopleliketo.makefriendwithmakefriendsofmakefriendsmakefriendswith()15.Goontheotherexerciseafteryoufinishthisone.tododoingC.doesD.did()16.ShereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedonabigrockrestedrestingtorestD.rest()17.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentbecausehewasafraidofhisjob.losetoloselosinglost()18.Ineedadayortwo.tothinkitovertothinkoverofthinking19.Hewastooexcited.speaktospeaknottospeakspeaking()20.I'mhungry.GetmesomethingA.eattoeateatingforeating()21. Iusuallygotherebytrain. Whynotbyboatforachangetotrygoingtryingtogototryandgotrygoing()22.Iaskedhimtomeafewminutessothatwecouldgooveralltheproblems.A.spendB.spareC.saveD.share()23.Theywon'tlethismotherhiminthatway.totreattreatedC.treatD.treats()24.I'msorryIforgotyourdictionary.Let'sborrowonefromLiMing.totaketakingtobringbringing()25.Shecouldn'tdecidewhichrestauranttohavelunchtoeattoeatateatingat()26.Don'tforgettheletter.tosendsendC.sendingD.sent()27.Thechairlooksveryold,Iwantanewone.A.sitB.tositonsatD.siton()28.Isnecessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?thisthatitwhich()29.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallow(允許)himhere.tosmokesmokingsmokesD.smoke()30.MothertoldmethewaterbeforeIdrankit.boilingboiledboiltoboil()31.Onmywayhome,Istoppedsomefood.buytobuybuyingBought初中英語動詞不定式專項練習I’mgoingtolistentotheradio.Please(nottalk)anymore.Thestudents(do)theirhomeworkfromfourtofivethisafternoon.Thestudents(be)busynow.They(have)anEnglishexamnextMonday.Marymust(look)afterherlittlesisterbecausesheistooyoung.(he)youwaitingforabusnow?Thiscoatisverycheap.I(take)itnow.I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhe(come)back.Couldyoutellmehow.I(canget)toNo3Middleschool.Hesaidthatthenewteacher(give)thestudentsanEnglishlessonnow.I(milk)acowthreetimes.Edison'smother(teach)himherself.He(watch)TVonceaweek.Don'tspeakloudly.Thebaby(sleep).Iwon'tgooutuntil.I(finish)myhomework.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrain(arrive).Ioftenhearthesoundofchildren(read)Englishintheroom.Heaskedme(help)himwithhisEnglishthisevening.Theirworkis(clean)thestreets.Didheenjoy(work)inChina.Wewillstayathomeifit(rain)tomorrow.Bequiet!Theboy(sing)anEnglishsong.youyourhomeworkyet(start)?Who(teach)themEnglishlastterm.There(be)atelephonecallforyoujustnow.Pleasekeepeverything(clean).Peterwon'thavearestuntilhe(finish)hiswork.IwatchedTV,soI(forget)(do)myhomework.WhenI(walk)alongtheriver,Imetmyfriend,Tom.WhenMothercame,thelittlegirl(play)withacat.WhenIwasfive,I (get)toknowtheearth(move)aroundthesun.They(see)aboy(fall)intotheriverwhilethey(pass)ityesterday.(study)hardatyourlessonsand(nottalk)inclass.You(have)better(noteat)thebadfood.WhileI(do)myhomework,myparents(watch)TV.He(notfinish)(read)thebook.I(get)upveryearlythismorning.I(read)Englishnow.He(hurry)toschooleverymorning.Ourteacher(notstop)(work)untileleveno'clocklastnight.Ifhe(know)it,he(be)veryhappy.It(take)ushalfanhour(read)Englisheveryday.There(be)twomeetingstomorrowmorning.Myfather(sleep)whenI(get)upthismorning.WhenI(go)toseeTom,he(notwrite)anything.Sorry,whenyou(call)me,I(think)and(nothear)you.Mr.Green(leave)hisnotebookathomeyesterday.I(want)tobuyanewcoatnextSunday.Hisfather(read)newspaperwhenIgotthere.It(be)fiveyearssincehe(buy)themotorbike.Wefounditwasverydifficult(get)acar.Mrs.Greenhates(travel)byair.Wearetootired.let’stop(have)agoodrest.He(begin)toteachinourschoolabouttenyearsago.Sheoften(invite)metoherbirthdayparty.She(have)toleavenow.Hermumisill.Whenisitsate(cross)theroad’Mymother(bring)metovisitmyauntyesterday.Noisemakesus(feel)verybad.Jimcame(help)mewithmylessons.Everyone(laugh)atthewoman'smistakenow.MissYang(teach)inthisschoolforaboutfiveyears.It'sveryniceofyou(say)so.(be)thereafootballmatchlastweek?Whatwouldyoulike(have)forsupper?Couldyoulandmeyourbike'Mineis(break).Howlongyourfather(work)intheoffice.Doyouknowwhenhe(be)back'It'stimeforclass.Allthechildrenstopped(play)football.Doyoumindmy(trouble)you?Doyouknowhe(go)toBeijing.Willyouplease(tell)thestoryinEnglish.Didhecatchthebusor(miss)itlastnight.Mymother(work)atthisschoolsinceit(open)There(be)ashopnearmyhomeforseveralyears.Whatyoursister(do)whenyou(go)toseeheryesterday?Askhimtocallmeassoonashe(reach)Shanghai.Theoldman(lie)ontheground.Let'sgoandseewhat'sthematterwithhim.Don'tstop(have)arestbeforeyoufinishdoingyourwork.Thedog(eat)upallthefoodontheplate.Nowthereisnothingleft.LuckilyI(catch)theearlybusthismorning.Mr.Brown(do)aboutsixhoursofsporteveryweek,and(eat)alotoffruitsandvegetableseveryday.Mysonsayshe(be)adoctorwhenhe(grow)up.Youmustfinishtheworkbeforeyou(go)out.Ifyouseehimtomorrow,(give)himthisletter.Jim(sick)sinceMonday.They(stay)hereforthreedays.Shecalledtoseehowhe(be)。youever(read)LaoShe'sworkswhenyouwereatschool?Ijust(arrive)whenheleft.She(be)toAustraliathreetimesbeforeshewastwenty.IsaidI(show)himthepicturewhenIhadfinishedit.I(be)freenextSunday.I(read)anovelatthattime.He(swim)intheriverwhenitbegantorain.Whileshewasshoppingsomeone(come)tothehouse.Givemesomewater(drink).Hehasnohouse(live).Iwentthere(see)him.Hewaskindenough(excuse)me.Heworkshard(pass)theexam.I’msorry(have)keptyouwaiting.Helived(see)hissonagreatman.Hemustbeveryrich(buy)thatbighouse.Thisistoodifficult(understand).Englishisnoteasy(learn).Thepicturehadbetter(notbe)putuponthewall.Wouldyoulike(go)outorwouldyouratherstayhere?Theroomislargeenoughfor100people(have)ameetingin.Music(love)byeverybodyinoursmalltown.Thebridge(repair)now.Letit(nottouch).Thebook(write)byLaoShein1948.Don'tyounoticethatsmoking(notallow)here?Youmustnotgohigher,oryou(fall).Weallwentintotheclassroomwhenthebell(ring).You'dbetterleavenow.Yourpupilsmay(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.118.Doyouthinkweshall(lose)thegamethedayaftertomorrow?Ifyoudoso,you(break)therules.Thegirl(sing)ahappysongandcakeintotheroom.Thehouse(build)forabouttenyears.Whentheroom(shine)upontheriver,thescenewasverybeautiful.123.Hisfather(leave)forAustralialastnight.We(