初中英語非謂語動詞-動詞不定式

一對一個性化講義本次授課內(nèi)容授課標題非謂語動詞一一動詞不定式學習目標掌握動詞不定式作賓語、作賓語補足語及作目的狀語重點難點動詞不定式作賓語補足語及一些相關(guān)句型的運用本次課課堂教學內(nèi)容一、動詞不定式的構(gòu)成及句法功能.動詞不定式的構(gòu)成不定式的基本形式為：to+動詞原形。有時可以不用to,這里的to是不定式符號，本身沒有意義，動詞不定式的否定形式是“not（+to）+動詞原形”。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語或狀語。.動詞不定式的句法功能（1）不定式作主語用作主語的動詞不定式通常表示一種具體的、特定的行為，其謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。當作主語的不定式（短語）較長時，用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語置于句末。例：TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.學好英語不容易ItisimportantforstudentstolearnEnglishwell.學好英語對學生們來說是重要的。 1 （2）不定式作賓語有些及物動詞后用不定式作賓語，常見的這類及物動詞有：begin、choose、continue>decide>expect、fail、forget、hate、help、hope、learn、manage>mean、need、offer、plan、prefer、pretend、promise>refUse、try、wait、want、wish、determine>dare、attempt、afford、agree、start、like。例：Shepromisedtocomeatnineo,clock.她答應九點來的。如果作賓語的不定式有賓語補足語，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語后置。例：Ifounditimportanttogetupearlyinthemorning.我發(fā)現(xiàn)早上早起很重要。（3）不定式作定語①不定式有時起形容詞的作用，修飾名詞、代詞，在句中作定語。不定式作定語時，它的位置是在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。例：Hewasthefirsttocometotheclassroom.他是第一個來到教室的人。②若不定式是不及物動詞，或不定式修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面就應有必要的介詞。例：Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout.那個女孩沒有什么好擔心的。③不定式修飾something、anything>nothing時，放在它們的后面，如果something、anything>nothing有形容詞修飾，詞序是“something/anything/nothing+形容詞+不定式”。例：Ihadsomethingcoldtodrink.我喝冷飲了。（4）不定式作表語動詞不定式可以踉在連系動詞后作表語，表示主語的具體內(nèi)容、目的等。動詞不定式作表語通?？梢愿髡Z進行位置互換。例： 2 Mydreamistobe.becomeafamousscientist.我的夢想是成為一名著名的科學家。（5）不定式作賓語補足語常見的踉帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的（短語）動詞persuade、allow、order、teach、ask、want、invite、forbid、wish、encourage>tell、warn、advise、expect、wouldlike例：Motherasksmenottoplaycomputergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework.在我寫完作業(yè)前媽媽不讓我玩電腦游戲。（6）不定式作狀語①作目的狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)：onlytodo（僅僅為了），inordertodo，soastodo。例：Heranfastsoastocatchthefirstbus.他跑得很快，為的是趕上第一班車。②作結(jié)果狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)：so...asto，too...to...，enough...to...，onlytodo例：Iawokeonlytofindmyluggagegone.我醒來后發(fā)現(xiàn)我的行李不見了。③作原因狀語例：I,monlytoogladtohavepassedtheexam.考試及格了，我非常高興。（7）不定式用作獨立成分不定式用作獨立成分，往往是用作評注性狀語。Tobehonest,itwasoneoftheworstbooksI,veeverread.說實話，那是我讀過最差的書之一。拓展：常用作獨立成分的不定式短語：tobefrank坦率地說、tobehonest老實說、tobeginwith首先、tostartwith首先、totellyou 3 thetruth說實話二、使用動詞不定式的主要句型.不定式的否定式（1）不定式的否定式為：not+不定式例：Theteachertoldusnottoreadthebook.老師告訴我們不要讀那本書。（2）比較不定式的否定式和否定句的區(qū)別例：Ididn,taskhimtoopenthedoor.我沒讓他把門打開。Iaskedhimnottoopenthedoor.我讓他別把門打開。.疑問詞+不定式不定式可以和疑問代詞who，what，which及疑問副詞when，how，where連用構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中充當主語、賓語、表語等成分。例：Thequestioniswhentostart.問題是什么時候開始。.too...to...和enoughto...（1）“too+adj./adv.+todosth”意為“太......（以至于）不能......”。例：It,snevertoooldtolearn.活到老學到老。此句型還可以是：too..forsb./sth.todosth.Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.這個箱子對我來說太重了，我搬不動。此句型也可以是：so…that+主語+can,t/couldn'tHewastootiredtomoveon.=Hewassotiredthathecouldn,tmoveon.他太累了，不能繼續(xù)走了。（2）“adj./adv.+enoughtodosth”意為“足夠 能做 ”。例：Thegirlisoldenoughtogotoschool.這個女孩已到上學的年齡了。此句型也可轉(zhuǎn)換為so...that+主語+can句型。Thegirlissooldthatshecangotoschool..Itbe+adj.of/forsb.+todosth.（1）forsb.句型通常使用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如easy、difficult、hard、important、possible、interesting?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為Todosth.+be+adj.+todosth.例：ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishwell.=TolearnEnglishwellwashardforhim.對他來說學好英語太難了。（2）ofsb.句型一般用表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good、kind、nice、clever、foolish、right、wrong、careful?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為sb.+be+adj.+todosth.例：It,skindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.你能這樣說真好。.其他句式1）It,sone,sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了。2）Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.某人花多長時間做某事。3）It,stimetodosth.=It，stimeforsth.是該 的時候了。4）sb.+be+adj.+todosth.某人因 而 。）find/think/feelit+adj.+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)/認為/感到做某事是 的。三、動詞不定式符號to的省略.使役動詞后省略to的情況在let，make，have等使役動詞后用作賓語補足語的不定式必須省略to。例：Shealwaysmakesmelaugh.她總是讓我大笑。.感官動詞后用作賓語補足語的不定式必須省略to例： 5 Iwatchedhergetintothecar.我看著她上了車。.動詞help后省略to的情況在動詞help后用作賓語或賓語補足語的不定式可以不帶to。例：CanIhelp（to）carrythisheavybox？我可以幫忙搬這個重箱子嗎？.why（not）...后省略to的情況why（not）...之后的不定式不能帶to。例：Whynotasktheteacher？為什么不問問老師？.跟在表示“除.....之外”意義的but，except之后的動詞不定式，若but，except之前有實義動詞do的任何形式，通常省略動詞不定式符號to。例：Hismothercoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctortoarrive.他媽媽除了等著醫(yī)生到來之外別無他法。提示：后跟省略to的不定式作賓語的動詞一“感"feel二“聽"hear，listento三“讓”make，let，have四“看"watch，notice，see，lookat“半”幫助help（可省略，亦可不省略）當堂練習.——Couldyouteachmehowcakes?---Sorry,Idon'tknow.AmakeBmakingCtomakeDmade2.Ourteachertolduscarefullyinclass.AlistenBtolistenClistenedDlistens 6 4.——Whatdoyouexpectfromyourhardwork?---Nothing,Ijustwanttotrymybest.AgetBgotCgettingDtoget.Thedoctorwarnedusmorefruitandvegetablesinsteadofmeat.AtoeatingBtoeatCeatDeating.Myparentsalwaystellmemorevegetablesandfruit.AeatBeatingCeatsDtoeat.Mycousinwillcomeheretomorrow.Iexpecthim.AtoseeBseeCseeingDsaw.Thegirlexpectedallherclassmatestoherparty.A.comeB.tocomeC.coming D.came.Let'sanoise;someoneissleeping.AnotmakeBnomakingCnottomake.Westopped,buttherewasnotanysound.A.tolistenB.listensC.listenD.listening.---Ithinkyoushouldstopnoise.---Sorry.Iwon'tdothatagainA.tomakesomuchB.makingsomuchC.tomakesomanyD.makingsomany11.---Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?---Iusedtodumplings,butthesedaysI,musedtobreadandmilk.Aeat:haveBeat:havingCeating:haveDeating:having.VivianrefusesherchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclassesAtosendBsendingCsentDsends.Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.IthinkitimportantpeacefulworldA.buildB.notbuildC.tobuildD.nottobuild.LarryhopeshisEnglish,sohekeepspracticingiteveryday.toimproveB.improvingC.improvedD.nottoimprove15.SometimesyouhavetostoptoomuchandjustgowhereyourhearttakesyouA.thinkB.tothinkC.thoughtD.thinking本次課課后練習.theseedsandtheywillgrow.A.WaterTowaterC.WateringD.WateredA.WaterThepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbutworkforyoungpeople.A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.providedHearrivedattheofficeearly,agoodexampletotheothers.A.setB.tosetC.tobesetD.havingsetPleasemakemyexcuseattomorrow,smeeting一I,vegottoomuchwork.A.todotocomeB.doingcomingC.todocomingD.todocomingWelookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhereA.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfoundAfterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewentonhowmuchtheywouldcost.A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingD.havingexplainedTotesteggs,theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey,rebad,iftheysinkthey,regood.A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputtingPleaseremembertheplantswhileI,maway.A.wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwateringwine,firstyoumustpressthegrapes.A.MakingB.TomakeC.TobemakingD.MakeI'veneverbeensopoorabletoaffordameal.A.astobenotB.notastobeC.asnottobeD.astonotbeIdon,tknowwhethertostayinteachingoranotherjob.A.tryinggettingB.totrytogetC.tryingtogetD.trygetI,llhavetochangemyclothesbeforeIgoout-Idon,twantlikethis.A.toseeB.tobeseeingC.tobeseenD.beingseenInfact,shewasthefirstwomantosuchapost.A.toelectB.tobeelectingC.tohaveelectedD.tohavebeenelectedI,dlikeovertheAlpsandlookingdownatthemountains.A.flyingB.beingflyingC.tobeflyingD.beflyingI,mlearningacake.Canyouexplainone?A.tomake,tomakeB.howtomake,tomakeC.tolearn,howtomakeD.making,makingWhomwouldyouratherwithyou,JimorJack?A.havegoB.havetogo C.havegoneD.hastogoThehusbandadvisedtothesouth,buthiswifeadvisedhimuptheidea.A.moving,givingB.tomove,togiveC.moving,togiveD.tomove,giving“Wouldyouliketocomeforawalkwithme?”'Tdprefer,thankyou.”A.nottoB.tonotC.notD.can,tIwouldmendyourradio,butIdon,tknow.A.howB.toC.howtoD.tohow“Ihaven,theardfromHenryforalongtime.”“Whatdoyousupposetohim?”A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.hadhappenedWhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto“Doyouknowthegirlinred?”“Sheseemsmeatlastmonth,sparty.ButI,mnotsure.A.tointroduceto B.tobeintroducedtoC.beingintroducedtoD.tohavebeenintroducedtoWeallagreedforanotherday,butJimdisagreedA.towait,todosoB.to亞@讓,不填C.waiting,doingsoD.waiting,不填Hemadeuphismindtodevotehislifepollutionhappily.A.toprevent,toliveB.toprevent,fromlivingC.topreventing,toliveD.topreventing,fromlivingIwishI,dbeenthere-Iwouldlikeherfacewhenhishusbandcamein.A.toseeB.tohaveseenC.seeingD.havingseenWehavetworooms,butIcan'tdecide.A.tolive,tochoosewhichone B.lived,choosewhichoneC.tolivein,whichonetochoose D.live,whichoneHe,llusewhathehasheranewdress.A.boughtB.tobuy C.buying D.beenbought-Mum,canIhavesomething?-Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereisinthekitchen.A.todrink;nothingelse B.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat;somethingelse D.eating;nothingelse-moreabouttomorrow,sweather,call121. -OK,Iwill.Thankyou.A.Know B.KnowingC.ToknowD.KnownPleasedon,tforgettheroomwhileIamawayinBeijing.A.clean B.tocleanC.cleanedD.cleaningWemustdoeverythingwecanwastewaterfromrunningintorivers.A.keep B.kept C.tokeepD.keepingThewomanmadehissonfinallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.A.laughedB.tolaughC.laughD.laughingMumknowsmakeabananamilkshake. 9 A.howA.howB.whattoC.howtoMoreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomethingtheold.A.servedB.toserveC.serve D.serves-Shallwegoshopping? -Sorry,Ihavelotsofhomework.A.do B.todo C.doing D.doesTheteacheraskedBenadifficultquestioninclass.A.answer B.answering C.toanswer D.answered-Haveyoumadeupyourmindthesickkids? -Bysingingsongs.A.whattotell B.howtocheerupC.whentohelp D.wheretolookafterDon,tyouthinkimportanttoprotectourearth?A.that B.how C.it D.thisShewassupposedinhospital,butpeoplefoundherintheoffice.A.