2023年職稱英語考試理工類A級試題

第1部分：詞匯選項（第1～15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為靠近旳選項。

1Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining？

AeverlastingBlongCtemporaryDboring

2Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

AshakenBdamaged

CfallenDjumped

3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

AfaithfulBroyal

CgenuineDsincere

4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

AattractionBsimplicity

CpowerDrigor

5Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

AmistBfog

CmysteryDsecret

6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation，

AannoyedBtroubled

CangeredDaroused

7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

AborrowedBpurchased

CrewrittenDcopied

8Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch

AfastenedBencouraged

CraisedDinitiated

9Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney

AsomeBlittle

CextraDenough

10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

ApatientsBmiracles

CillnessDrecovery

11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

AmonotonousBendless

CseriousDbitter

12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment

AoldBunforgettable

CfunnyDunfair

13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.

AfollowBorder

CproveDhandle

14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.

AemptyBhairless

CbareDsmooth

15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.

AexpressionsBwarnings

CinstructionsDadvertisements

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16～22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面旳短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：假如該句提供旳是對旳信息，請選擇A；假如該句提供旳是錯誤信息，請選擇B；假如該句旳信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C.

Water-theIssueofThisCentury

Theworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.Populationsaregrowingbiggerand

Thirstier（渴旳），withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce（缺乏）。Halftheworld'swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury，whileestimatessuggestthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'spopulation，concentratedinAfrica，theMiddleEastandsouthAsia，willface'severewatershortages'by2025.Localwaterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.

Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld'speoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025，puttingevenmorepressureonstretchedcoastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries（漁業(yè)）areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits，andhalftheworld'scoralreefs（珊瑚礁）mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoralreefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities，theBanksays.

Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedactiontosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.

Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly，andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsislikelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.

Athirdoftheworld'spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatareexperiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthenext30yearsunlessinstitutions（制度）changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationofwater.

Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents（征兆）aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountryinEastAsia，Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater，afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertstoexceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'stotaluseappearsstilltobereasonable，ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.

WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan，andwillexceedtheminIndiaby.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica，onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwaterresources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers（蓄水層）-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.

16Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Mostoftheworld'spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwatersupplies.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完畢句子（第23～30題，每題1分，共8分）

下面旳短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第23～26題規(guī)定從所給旳6個選項中為第1～4段每段1選擇個最佳標題；（2）第27～30題規(guī)定從所給旳6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。

Chimpanzees

1Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（滅絕）。Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（棲息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲?。himpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.

2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因組）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse，

usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact，chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically，chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（優(yōu)先）。Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

3Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（獸醫(yī)）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular，chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV，thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans，scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（變化）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.23Paragraph1。

24Paragraph2。

25Paragraph3。

26Paragraph4。

AReasonsforHIVresistance

BImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

CEffectiveAIDStreatment

DGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

EChimps'resistancetoHIV

FGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsand“humans

27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect。

28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand。

29Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting。

30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto。

Asomehumandiseasetreatments

Bsomediseases

Chumansurvival

Dhumangenomes

Ekeyareas

Fhealthierlifestyle

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

31The“YouthEmancipation”programaimsathelpingyoungpeople

Afightforfreedom.

Bliveinanindependentway.

Cfightagainstsocialinjustice.

Dgetridoffamilyresponsibilities.

32Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestrongerinPortugalthanin

AFinland.

BGreece.

CSpain.

DItaly.

33Youngpeople'sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT

Aparents'tolerance.

Bhousingproblems.

Cculturaltraditions.

Dunwillingnesstogetmarried.

34Whichofthefollowingstatementsis，NOTtrueofDionisioMasso？

ASheis60yearsold.

BShehasaboyfriend.

CShehasthreechildren.

DShelivesinMadrid.

35Thephrase“waryof”inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby

Atiredof.

Bafraidof.

Ccautiousabout.

Dworriedabout.

第二篇

36Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutbirdsongs？

AFemalezebrafinchesaretooshytosingbeforemales.

BMalezebrafinchessinglouderthanfemales.

CFemalezebrafinchesliketolistentounknownmalessing.

DMalezebrafincheschangetheirsongstoattractfemales.

37Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudyoffemalezebrafinches？

AFemalefinchesonlylikedsongsmalefinchessangfortheirmates

BFemalefincheslikedsongsmalefinchessangforthem.

CFemalefincheslikedtolistentosongsfrombothspeakers，

DFemalefincheschosethebestmalesingersastheirmates.

38Whatismeantby“concertsongs”inparagraph？

ASongssungbyzebrafinchesataconcert.

BSongssungbyfemalefinchesformalefinches.

CSongssungbymalefinchesforfemalefinches.

DSongssungbymalefinchestootherfinches.

39Theexpression“directedcommunication”inthelastparagraphmeanscommunicationinwhich

Athemessagesenderhasaspecificaudience.

Bthecommunicatorsendsmessagestohimself.

Ctwocommunicatorssendmessagestoeachother.

Dmotherstalktotheirbabiesintheirmothertongue.

40Whichofthefollowingcanbestreflectthethemeofthepassage？

AChirpingaway.

BZebrafinchesandtheirlife.

CBirdsongsascommunication.

DFrequenciesofbirdsongs.

第三篇

TheRobotMan

AccordingtoHansMoravec，universalrobotswilltakeoverallthephysical

41Whatwillbethedistinctivefeatureofthesecondgenerationrobots？

ATheywillbeabletorecognizespeechesandtexts.

BTheywillbeabletolearnbythemselves.

CTheywillbeabletopredictproblems.

DTheywillbeabletomatchhumanreasoningandbehavior.

42Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthefuturerobots？

ATheywillrelieveusofmanychores.

BTheywilltakeovertheinformationindustry.

CTheywillneversurpassus.

DTheywillbecomehigh-costcommodityitems.

43Theauthor'smainpurposeisto

AdescribethelifeofHansMoravec.

Bsupporttheviewthatrobotswillplayamajorroleinourlife.

CmakefunoftheviewsofHansMoravec.

Dgetpeoplepreparedforthethreatoffuturerobots.

44Theword“plummet”inparagraph6means

Adecrease.

Bstretch.

Cextend.

Dgrow.

45WhatdoesMoravecthinkofthesefuturerobots？

ATheywilllooklikepreviousbiologicalchildren

BTheywillbehumans'mind-children.

CTheywillcreateadangerousworld.

DTheywillruletheworld.

第5部分：補全短文（第46～50題，每題2分，共10分）

下面旳短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。

MyLifeatRenda

Ilearnedveryquicklythatbeingateachingassistant（TA）attheUniversityofIowawouldbedifferentfrombeingateacheratRenminUniversity.

（46）Eyesstaring，mouthsopen，studentsexaminedmybignose，whileIwaswritingmynameontheblackboard.

AtIowa，whenmyfirstclassesbegan，halfofmystudentsstillhadn'tarrived.Wheneveryonefinallyfoundaseat，ringingcellphonesandloudyawns（哈欠）interruptedmyopeningremarks.ItisnotthatAmericanstudentsweredisrespectful.（47）Theywere，however，farmoreskepticalthanthestudentsIhadatRenda.ThetruthisIcouldn'tfaultthemfortheirskepticism.UndergraduatesatlargeUSuniversities-especiallyfreshmenandsophomores-oftenhaveseveralclassesasemesterhandledbyTAs.Insomecases，theTAsetsthecoursecontent.（48）Mosthavegoodintentions，butveryfewareaseffectiveasprofessors.

Everyteacherhastoconfrontobstaclestolearning-nomatterwhattheculture.Studentswhotalkduringlectures，studentswhocheat，studentswhoquestionthegradetheygetforapaperorproject-dealingwiththeseisallpartofthejob.（49）

Thedifference，Ithink，isthatintheUSIhadtoswallowmoreofmypride.（50）

Ihadaresponsibilitytoteachthem，ofcourse，butIhadtodosoindirectly-asaguidewhohimselfhadafewthingstolearnfromthestudents.

AInmystudents'minds，Ihadlittletoofferthem，exceptperhapssomesamplequestionsforthemid-termexam.

BInothers，theTAworksasagraderanddiscussionleader.

CIencounteredtheseinChina，andIfacedthemintheUS.

DOntheotherhand，beingtaughtbyagraduatestudentisnotnecessarilybad.

EMostwerepolite，oratleast，indifferent.

FBackatRenda，Ihadwalkedintomyfirstclassesfeelinglikeacelebrity

第6部分：完形填空（第51～55題，每題1分，共15分）

下面旳短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定一種最佳選項。

SharksPerformaServiceforEarth'sWaters

Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto（51）peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable（52）forearth'swatersandforhumanbeings，businessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir（53）。Asaresult，somesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth.

Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark（54）。Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir（55）waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas，（56）peoplealsoswim.Infact，mostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson（57）aseaanimal，suchasaseal（海豹）orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesup，becausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor（58）。Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry（珠寶）maycausesharkstoattack.

Asharkhasanextremely'goodsenseof（59），withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwater，suchasblood，bodyliquidsandchemicals（60）byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfish，any（61）sharks，andplantsthatliveintheocean.

Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark'sbodydefenseandi