國際結算課件(國貿、外語)

Internationalsettlement國際結算經(jīng)貿學院國際貿易系朱啟松課程要求雙語課熟悉相關術語的英文表達考試要求缺課30%取消考試資格平時成績：20%（考勤15%+發(fā)言5%）期末成績：80%50%左右客觀題：英文題目50%左右主觀題：中文題目Chapter1Introduction1.ConceptWhatissettlement?(1)anagreementordecisionendinganargumentorquestion為解決爭端達成的協(xié)議

(2)apaymentofmoneyclaimed結算

types*Internationalsettlementvsclearing（清算）*Internationaltradesettlementvsinternationalnon-tradesettlement*現(xiàn)匯貿易結算vs記賬貿易結算

Internationalsettlement

transferoffunds（資金劃撥，無形貿易）servicesprovided（服務貿易，無形貿易）salesofgoods（貨物貿易，有形貿易）

SellerclaimBuyerpaymentbank結算工具instrument結算方式paymentmethods金融票據(jù)商業(yè)單據(jù)：匯票、本票、支票：發(fā)票、提單、保險單裝箱單、倉單、商檢證等：匯款、托收、信用證、保函、保理、包買票據(jù)2.課程內容以支付一定金額為目的支付工具商業(yè)上的權利憑證/履約證明Whatarethecostsofeachmethodoffinancingandpayment?Etc...Keyissuesininternationalsettlement:

Whobearsthecreditrisks?Whofinancesthetransaction?Whowillbeartransportationcostsandrisks?Inwhatcurrencywillpaymentbemade?Whatarethepoliticalandlegalrisks?

3.Characteristicsofinternationalsettlement

國際結算的特征一、按照國際慣例進行國際結算

InternationalrulesICC(non-officialorganization)UCP600InternationalrulesICC(non-officialorganization)

?rules=laws

二、使用可兌換貨幣進行

ConvertiblecurrencyUSDEURGBPJPYHKD

三、實行“推定交貨”（symbolicdelivery)Tradeterm

出現(xiàn)“物權憑證”(titledocument）海運提單(billsoflading)

DevelopmentofinternationalsettlementCashsettlementnon-cashsettlemntCOD(cashondelivery)Directsettlementindirectsettlement國際結算支付清算系統(tǒng)概述PaymentsystemClearingsystem

FEDWIRE(FederalReservesWireTransferSystem)CHIPS(ClearingHouseInterbankPaymentSystem)

CHAPS(ClearingHouseAutomatedPaymentSystem)

SWIFT(SocietyforWorldwideInternationalFinancialTelecommunications)

Chapter2

FinancialInstruments（國際結算中的金融工具）

1.

thecharacteristicsandconceptofinstruments

(1)non-causativenature無因性Cause:assets/valueTherightofholder:independent

1.

thecharacteristicsandconceptofinstruments

(2)requisiteinform要式性Form:accordingtointernationalrulesandcompleteExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00Chongqing,10April,2012At90daysaftersightpaytotheorderofCthesum

ofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBForA(signature)

1.

thecharacteristicsandconceptofinstruments

(3)Negotiability流通性BillofexchangeBill/Draft/Exchangeanunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyoneparty(drawer)toanother(drawee),signedbythepartygivingit,requiringthepartytowhomitisaddressedtopayondemand,oratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoney,toortotheorderofaspecifiedparty(payee),ortothebearer.2.MainpartiesofBillofExchangeDrawerDrawee(payor)DrawonAandBAorBFirstAthenB

PayeePayabletoAandBtoAorBfirstAthenBAbillAbillisdrawnbyusonyoupayabletothem.drawerdraweePayee3.Requisiteforms

EssentialsofabillofexchangeTheword”Exchange”AnunconditionalorderinwritingAsumcertainmoneyNameandAddressofthedraweeNameorentityofthepayeeDateandplaceofissueDrawer’ssignature(s)TenorAcceptable?Abillshows:paytoMarythesumoffiftyUSdollarsandgiveherasuitofclothes.Acceptable?Abillshows:paytoABCCo.thesumoftwentythousandUSdollarsonconditionthatshipmentofgoodshasbeenmade.Acceptable?Abillshows:payfromourNo.2accounttoABCCo.thesumoftwentythousandUSdollars.Acceptable?Abillshows:paytotheorderofABCCo.thesumoffiftyUSdollarsplusinterest.acceptable?Abillshows:AtsightpaytotheorderofBankofChinathesumoftwentythousandUSdollarsdrawnunderL/CNo.12345issuedbyXYZBankNewYorkdatedon15August2003.Conditionalorunconditional?Abillshows:paytoABCCo.ororderthesumoftwentythousandUSdollarsanddebitourNo.2account.Abillshows:debitourNo.2account.paytoABCCo.ororderthesumoftwentythousandUSdollars.kindsoftenorforbillsBillspayableatsightorondemandBillspayableatdeterminablefuturetimeeg.payableat30daysafter(from)sightpayableat30daysaftershipmentdatepayableat30daysafterdate

Billspayableonafixedfuturetimeeg.payableat4,June,2013BillspayableatdeterminablefuturetimeTheword“after”willbeunderstoodtoexcludethedatementioned.Theword“from”willbeunderstoodtoincludethedatementioned.Abillispayableat××daysaftersightThematurityofonemonthafter31Jan.is28Feb.Thematurityoftwomonthsafter28Febis28Apr.Thematurityof180daysafter4Apr.is?5.Actofbillofexchange（票據(jù)行為）（1）draw（出具）Issuesign（簽字）deliver（交付）Legaltitle:drawerpayee5.Actofbillofexchange（票據(jù)行為）(2)Endorsementsign(back)(negotiation)deliverWhohastherighttoendorse?Payee/holder（債權人）/endorseeActofbillofexchange（票據(jù)行為）(3)presentmentforpayment(claim)foracceptanceholderdraweeACCEPTED10April,2012tomature9June,2012PayableatBankofMelbourne,MelbourneForImportingCo.MelbournesignatureActofbillofexchange（票據(jù)行為）（4）payment(sightdraft)

induecoursehonoracceptance(timedraft)draweepayee

noticeofdishonor:holderdrawerdishonorprotest(拒付證書):authorizedorganizationrecourse（追索)：holderpriorpartydrawer4.OtherpartiesinB/EHolderforvalue(付對價持票人）Holderinduecourse/bonafideholder（正當或善意持票人）通過正當轉讓得到票據(jù)持票人圖例drawerdraweepayee

ABCDEFG

giftfoundforvaluegift

holderholderwrongfulholderinholderforvalueforvaluepossessorduecourseforvalue案例：善意持票人的法律權利

---案情介紹進口商：我A公司出口商：新加坡B公司USD7,000,000.00可以分批裝運第一批：USD600,000.00已付清鑒于A公司資金困難，B公司提出：A可對B開立遠期匯票（1yearaftersight),BankofChina承兌后B公司發(fā)貨。B公司取得已承兌的匯票后在BankofAmerica貼現(xiàn)后消逝。案例：善意持票人的法律權利

---問題Onmaturity:

BankofAmericaclaimedonBankofChina

BankofChina:reimburseornot?案例：善意持票人的法律權利

---結論票據(jù)的無因性：票據(jù)法律關系一旦形成，即與基礎關系分離，票據(jù)關系的存在和有效與否并不對善意持票人的票據(jù)權利產(chǎn)生影響。B實際是否交貨、A在BankofChina資金狀況都不影響B(tài)ankofAmerica對承兌人的claim.

票據(jù)法律關系按照票據(jù)法規(guī)定解決；票據(jù)基礎關系按照民法解決Chapter3instrumentsPromissoryNoteisanunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyoneperson(themaker)toanother(thepayee)signedbythemakerengagingtopayondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetimeasumcertaininmoneytoortotheorderofaspecifiedpersonorbearer.Chapter3instruments

PromissoryNote（本票）本票的定義《英國票據(jù)法》關于本票的定義是：本票是一個人向另一個人簽發(fā)的，保證于見票時或定期或在可以確定的將來時間，對某人或其指定人或持票來人無條件支付一定金額的書面付款承諾.本票的特點與匯票相比，本票具有以下特點：----promisevsorder----2partiesvs3parties----noacceptance----onecopyvsoneset本票的種類和用途

本票通?？梢栽谝韵陆灰缀徒?jīng)濟活動中使用：遠期付款的商品貿易，或是結合買方信貸的資本貨物交易；金錢借貸的憑證；對外籌集資金；銀行辦理匯款業(yè)務，或向大額提款客戶開出本票以代替現(xiàn)鈔。對本票而言，有如下幾個分類，其中最常用也最重要的是商業(yè)本票和銀行本票。1、商業(yè)本票（PromissoryNote）。有即期和遠期之分。2、銀行本票（Cashier’sOrder/Check）。銀行多簽發(fā)即期本票。3、國際匯票（OverseasMoneyOrder）4、旅行支票（Traveller’sCheck）本票運用實例Exporter:ABCCo.NorwayBankofNorwayImporter:DEFCo.BeijingBankofChina,H.OUSD720,000.00forbuyer’scredit（買方信貸）（80%）3yearsafterissuingdateChapter3instrumentsCheckanunconditionalorderinwritingbythecustomertoabanksignedbythatcustomerauthorizingthebanktopayondemandasumcertaininmoneytoortotheorderofaspecifiedpersonorbearer.(6)DifferencebetweenacheckandabillofexchangeA.DraweeB.TenorC.Drawer’sliabilities(theprimarilyliableparty)D.AcceptanceChapter3Correspondentbankingrelationship（代理行關系）1.BankorganizationsininternationalsettlementBank’sownorganizationsHeadoffice總行Branches&sub-branches分行&支行Savingoffices儲蓄所Overseasnetwork代表處RepresentativeOffice子銀行附屬銀行Subsidiary海外分行（聯(lián)行）CorrespondentBank代理行2.國際結算業(yè)務中的往來銀行Branches

3.correspondentbankingrelation代理行關系是指兩家不同國籍的銀行，相互委托，互為辦理國際銀行業(yè)務所發(fā)生的往來關系

建立代理行關系的必要性1、建立代理行是全球經(jīng)濟一體化的要求2、建立代理行是國際貿易發(fā)展的要求3、代理行的出現(xiàn)是各國金融法規(guī)制約的產(chǎn)物4、代理行的建立可以節(jié)約商業(yè)銀行的外匯開支ServicesprovidedbyCorrespondentbanka.Collectingchecks,draftsandothercreditinstrumentsb.Makingloansorinvestmentsasagentsfortheircustomerbanksc.Makingcreditinvestigationsoffirmsthatborrowintheopenmarketd.Providingbankswithfundsincaseofneed國際結算業(yè)務海外聯(lián)系銀行的選擇代理行中的非賬戶行03代理行中的賬戶行02海外分行（聯(lián)行）014.建立代理行關系的幾個步驟考察資信賬戶行vs代理行交換控制文件簽訂代理協(xié)議

開立賬戶控制文件signaturestestkeystermsandconditionsControldocuments交換5.InternationalMoneyTransfer

賬戶行關系原理授權借記主動貸記共同賬戶行轉賬各自賬戶行轉賬ABCDRemittingbank匯出行APayingbank匯入行|解付行B資金fundsA在B開戶（授權借記debit)

RemittingbankPayingbankIncover,pleasedebitouraccountwithyouGBPaccountcover匯款資金的調撥與償付thetransferringandreimbursementofremittingproceeds（從事某些活動的收入）Remittingbank匯出行APayingbank匯入行|解付行B資金fundsB在A開戶（主動貸記credit)

RemittingbankPayingbankIncoverwehavecreditedyouraccountwithus.USDaccountRemittingbank匯出行APayingbank匯入行|解付行B資金fundsBankC（A行和B行的共同賬戶行）A行在C行開戶Debit（借記）B行在C行開戶Credit（貸記）

RemittingbankPayingbankIncoverwehaveauthorizedXYZBank,NewYorktodebitouraccountandcredityouraccountwiththem.

XYZ

bankOpenUSDaccountOpenUSDaccountRemittingbank匯出行APayingbank匯入行|解付行B資金fundsBankC（A行的賬戶行）A在C開戶，借記A貸記入D賬戶B在D開戶，D貸記B在D的賬戶BankD（B行的賬戶行）資金funds資金funds資金funds資金fundsChapter3

PaymentmethodsAssellerorbuyer,howtoconsiderthewaytocollectpayment?Safety/SpeedMutualbenefitTradefinance結算方式應具備的條件

1、安全、比較快捷地結清對外貿易中的債權債務。2、須能保證買賣雙方的利益都能獲得充分照顧。3、應能便于資金融通，即是說，應能使買賣雙方(也包括中間商)容易從國際和國內金融市場和商業(yè)銀行籌措其所需資金。

不同的概念！Paymenttools/instrument（支付工具/票據(jù)）----匯票、本票、支票Paymentmethods（支付方式）Paymentmethods=instruments/paymenttools（金融工具）+commercialdocuments（商業(yè)單據(jù)）+waysofreimbursementsandclearing（償付和清算方式）Focuson:trader-bankrelationanddifferentrolesinitRemittance（匯付）/collection（托收）/L/C（信用證）分類1remittance（順匯）and

reverseremittance（逆匯）Remittance順匯SellerBuyerInstruments/instruction/advicePaymentreverseremittance逆匯SellerBuyerInstruments/instruction/advicepayment分類2商業(yè)信用trader’scredit----remittance匯付-----collection托收銀行信用bank’scredit----L/C信用證Remittance的含義

順匯remittance逆匯reverseremittance

匯付remittance托收collection信用證L/C

Paymentmethods1

支付方式1

Remittance匯付（匯款）Remittance

匯付（匯款）1.mainparties主要當事方RemittingBank匯出行

PayingBank解付行RemitterbuyerPayee/BeneficiarysellerSupposeBankofChina,Tianjinwouldbetheremittingbank（匯出行）oftheremittance,theyhave:(1)abranchoffice---BankofChina,London(2)anaccountbank---NationalWestminsterBankLtd.,London(3)acorrespondent---BarclaysBankLtd.,London2.typesofremittance（匯付的形式）電匯T/T信匯M/T票匯D/D票匯D/D運用實例Importer:BCo.HKImporter’sbank:RoyalbankofCanada,HKExporter:ACo.Toronto,CanadaExporter’sbank:RoyalbankofCanada,Toronto,CanadaExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofACo.CanadatheSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToRoyalbankofCanadaForRoyalbankofCanadaToronto,CanadaHK(signature)3種方式的比較FormAuthentication(真實性證明方式）SafetyCostSpeed匯款(匯付）三種類型特征比較電匯信匯票匯成本費用較高較低較低安全性較高較低較低匯款速度最快捷在途時間長比較靈活適用范圍時間緊迫的款項少時間不急的款項Remittance3種方式的比較T/TM/TD/DTelex/SWIFTmailDemanddrafttestkeysignaturesignaturesafeNotassafeasT/TNotassafeasT/Thigherlowerlowestfastestslowerslowest(negotiable)

3.匯付的運用原則特征基本的結算方式以商業(yè)信用為基礎風險大資金負擔不平衡手續(xù)簡便，費用低

3.匯付的運用原則良好的客戶關系較小的金額預付貨款/尾款

Paymentmethods2

支付方式2

collection托收Collection

托收1.mainparties主要當事方RemittingBank托收行

CollectingBank代收行Drawer委托人seller

Drawee付款人buyer2.typesofcollection（托收的種類）DocumentsagainstPayment(D/P)付款交單（即期/遠期匯票）DocumentsagainstAcceptance(D/A)承兌交單（遠期匯票）3.托收業(yè)務流程D/P

drawersalescontractdrawee

sellerbuyer

remittingbank

collectingbank

⑴發(fā)貨⑶托收委托⑹付款撥頭寸⑷提示⑸付款⑵托收申請⑺結匯D/PT/R的托收方式T/R:trustreceipt（信托收據(jù)）代收行對進口商的融資URC522UniformRulesforCollection,ICCPublicationNo.522;whichcameintoeffecton1Jan.,1996

4.托收當事方關系

drawerdrawee

sellerbuyer

remittingbankcollectingbank委托代理委托代理CollectionorderCollectioninstructionCoveringletterP995.DraftundercollectionComparesampledraftP92(D/D,remittance)andP108(D/P,collection)What’sthedifference?DraftundercollectionDrawer:exporterDrawee:importerPayee:exporter’sbank（代收）制作托收項下的匯票(1)Importer:BCo.HKImporter’sbank:RoyalbankofCanada,HKExporter:ACo.Toronto,CanadaExporter’sbank:RoyalbankofCanada,Toronto,CanadaExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00Canada,1,Feb.2013AtsightpaytotheorderofRoyalbankofCanada

theSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBCo.HKForACo.Toronto,Canada

(signature)制作托收項下的匯票(2)Importer:BCo.ChongqingImporter’sbank:BankofChina,ChongqingExporter:ACo.SingaporeExporter’sbank:BankofChina,Singapore托收運用案例分析FactoryA委托ChongqingECo.從HongkongBCo.進口設備，ChongqingECo.以D/A60dayssight的方式和HongkongBCo.簽約后不久，HongkongBCo.即通過HSBCHK將發(fā)貨后的全套單據(jù)寄往ICBC,Chongqing,但在CollectingOrder上顯示的drawee為FactoryA。ICBCChongqing隨即將單據(jù)以D/A的方式放給FactoryA。當?shù)狡谌諄砼R，F(xiàn)actoryA無力支付該筆款項。HongkongBCo.一方面通過HSBCHK發(fā)電傳給ICBC,Chongqing,催促FactoryA付款，一方面直接向ChongqingECo.催款，而這兩家重慶企業(yè)都以充足的理由拒付。試猜想兩家重慶企業(yè)拒付的理由并就此糾紛進行分析。6.托收方式的特點

1.商業(yè)信用/逆匯2.較匯付方式安全3.較信用證方式操作簡便、費用低4.資金、風險負擔不平衡TopicfordiscussionAsseller,wouldyouliketochooseFOBorCIFundercollection?7.托收的風險及防范

1.出口商面臨的風險進口商信用風險代收行信用風險進口國的政治風險、法律風險操作風險、地域風險出口商的風險防范

（1）調查進口商資信（2）合理控制交易金額（3）選擇合適的價格條款（4）慎重選擇代收行（5）及時了解進口國的政治、經(jīng)濟動態(tài)（6）盡量以物權憑證作為跟單托收的附隨單據(jù)8.Tradefinanceunder

remittanceandcollection

-------factoring（保理）

RisksunderO/A(openaccount賒賬)D/A出口保理商exportfactor

進口保理商importfactorsellerbuyer雙保理模式Importfactor:risks---evaluatingimporter’screditstatus---setacreditapprovalforexporter---managethesalesledger----makepaymentincaseofdishonor(notofdisputesinqualityofthegoods)

Exportfactor:financing出口保理Turnyourinvoicesintoimmediatecash!Youdon’tincurdebit,thisisnotaloan!Growyourbusinesswiththeincreasedcashflow!Invoicetoday,getpaidtodayupto80%!Theother20%ispaidtoyou,lessourfee,whenyourcustomerpaystheinvoice.Factoring運用實例ACo.USD1,000,000.00exportperyear4lotsshipmentPayment:T/T90daysafterarrivalofgoodsCreditapproval:USD250,000.00（每90天用25萬，1年滿足1百萬總量）保理費用進口保理費（5‰-9‰）USD5000-9000出口保理費（1‰-5‰）USD1000-5000融資利息（6%）USD60000費用總計USD69000預計可規(guī)避的人民幣對美元升值風險：（以年升值3%計）USD7500Paymentmethod(3)LetterofCreditDocumentaryCredit（跟單）信用證PaymentmethodsRemittanceCollection

trader’screditWhataretherisksininternationaltradesettlement?Concerningabouttrader’scredit?risks-----distance(goods/shipment)-----creditstatus-----market-----rules/regulation(foreignexchangecontrol)-----differentlegalsystemToreducevariousriskswiththehelpofthebank,boththesellerandthebuyertransferthetrader’srisktobank’sriskL/C--------likeabridgeovertheriveroftheinternationaltrade1.DefinitionInsimpleterms,aletterofcreditisaconditionalbankundertakingofpayment.(ICCPublicationNo.415)UCP600definitionmeansanyarrangement,howevernamedordescribed,thatisirrevocableandtherebyconstitutesadefiniteundertakingoftheissuingbanktohonoracomplyingpresentation.(ICCUniformCustomsandpracticefordocumentarycredits)(UCP600)跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例Buyer(Applicant)advisingbankSeller(Beneficiary)

Issuingbank3.AdviseL/C3.SendingL/CSWIFT,Tlx,mailSalescontract2.ApplicationForL/C2(1).Procedureforissuingofletterofcredit1.ShippingGoodsBuyer(Applicant)negotiatingbankSeller(Beneficiary)

Issuingbank4.Documents3.Payment2.Documents5.Payment6.Payment7.Documents2(2).ProcedureforsettlementofletterofcreditApplytoopenL/C1.Tofillapplicationofopenacredit2.Tosignsecurityagreementbetweentheapplicantandtheissuingbank.Margins:advancedepositLineofcreditThirdpartyguaranteeWhatistheissuingbank’sresponsibilityinopeningtheL/C?Investigation（調查該筆信用證貿易背景）Evaluation（對公司財務、收支狀況進行評估，制定保證金額度）formsofL/CissuingBymailBytelex/cableBySWIFT+Coveringletter（面函）ResponsibilityoftheadvisingbankcheckauthenticationoftheissuingL/C------Signature------TestkeycheckthetermsandtheconditionsofL/CBuyer(Applicant)advisingbank(transferringbank)Seller(Beneficiary)Issuingbank+ConfirmingbankSendingL/COtherpartiesinvolvedinletterofcredit

issuingbanknegotiatingbank

Payment

Otherpartiesinvolvedinletterofcredit

Reimbursementbank(A/Cbank)RemitfundsOpenaccount/instructionPaymentmethod

LetterofCreditDocumentaryCredit（跟單）信用證DefinitionforL/CInsimpleterms,aletterofcreditisaconditionalbankundertakingofpayment.(ICCPublicationNo.415)3.CharacteristicsofL/C

信用證的特征

獨立抽象原則

TheindependenceandabstractionprincipleTheindependenceandabstractionprinciple(1)banksdealwithdocumentsandnotwithgoods.ExampleAcreditstipulatedthat50%ofcreditamountwillbepaidagainstthepresentationofcomplyingdocuments,andtheremaining50%willbepaidonarrivalofgoodsatdestinationwhichwerecorrespondedwiththedescriptionofgoodsinL/C.Istheabovecreditacceptable?Theindependenceorabstractionprinciple(2)銀行忽略信用證以外的其他合同ContractualArrangementunderL/C1.theS/C(beneficiaryandapplicant)2.theL/Capplication(applicantandissuingbank)3.L/C(issuingbankandbeneficiary)ContractualArrangementunderL/C

beneficiaryapplicantIssuingbankTheindependenceorabstractionprinciple(2)L/C獨立于其他合同A公司向B公司出口一批貨物，S/C規(guī)定8月份裝船，后開立的L/C規(guī)定裝期為8月15日前，A公司要求延長裝期到9月15日前，B公司電話告知同意該裝期。A公司9月10日裝船，5天后將L/C規(guī)定單據(jù)交議付行，但議付行以單證不符拒絕議付。議付行做法是否回理？example尼日利亞銀行開來信用證Negotiationshouldbeeffectedunderthefundingoftheapplicantuponouradvicetoyou.是否違背獨立抽象原則？Theindependenceorabstractionprinciple(3)

銀行的獨立付款責任A公司向B公司出口一批貨物，B公司通過X銀行開給A公司一張信用證，當A公司在貨物裝船后持全套貨運單據(jù)向銀行辦理議付時，B公司倒閉，此時a.X銀行有權推遲付款，時間由A、C協(xié)商b.X銀行可以以B公司倒閉為由拒絕付款c.X銀行仍應承擔付款責任d.A公司應作為破產(chǎn)債權人參加到破產(chǎn)清算中Remittance:銀行不受理單據(jù)（D/D項下可制作匯票但交與buyer自行處理）

buyer

seller

remittingbankpayingbank

委托銀行付款受托付款ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofACo.CanadatheSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToRoyalbankofCanadaForRoyalbankofCanadaTorontoHK

(signature)ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofACo.Canada(seller)theSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToRoyalbankofCanadaForRoyalbankofCanadaTorontoHK(payingbank)(remittingbank)

(signature)Collection:seller自制單據(jù)交付銀行，銀行受委托D/PorD/A

seller

buyer

remittingbankcollectingbank

根據(jù)需要及約定制單交單受托寄單（不審單）ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofAbanktheSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBCo.ForCCo.

(signature)ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofAbank(remittingbank)theSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBCo.ForCCo.(buyer)(seller)

(signature)L/C:beneficiary根據(jù)信用證制單交付銀行，銀行寄單

beneficiaryapplicant

negotiatingbankissuingbank根據(jù)信用證制單交單根據(jù)信用證審單寄單ExchangeforUSD1,000,000.00HK,10April,2012AtsightpaytotheorderofAbank(negotiatingbank)theSumofUSDollarsonemilliononly.ToBbank.ForCCo.(issuingbank)(beneficiary)

(signature)3種支付方式下匯票當事方比較remittanceCollection

L/Cdrawerremittingbank(buyer’sbank)sellerbeneficiarydraweepayingbankbuyerissuingbankpayeesellerRemittingbank(seller’sbank)negotiatingbank4.ContentofL/C(1)

信用證的內容A.mainpartiesApplicantAdvisingbankOrNegotiatingbank?Beneficiary

Issuingbank4.ContentofL/C(1)

a.mainpartiesTheL/CisissuedbyAinfavorofBonaccountofC.issuingbankbeneficiaryapplicant

4.ContentofL/C(1)

信用證的內容A.mainpartiesB.4importantdates----L/Cissuingdate（開證日期）----Expirydate（效期）----Latestshipmentdate（最遲裝運期）----Presentationperiod（交單期）4.ContentofL/C(2)DocumentsrequirementShipmentstipulationL/Cpresentationperiod/expirydate

Ifthelatestshipmentdateis5thJuneandthepresentationperiodis10daysaftershipment,theexpiryplaceisinthebeneficiary’scountry,theexpirydateoftheL/Cshouldbea.10thJuneb.20thJunec.15thJuned.25thJuneDraftandL/CDraft:FinancialinstrumentL/C:PaymentmethodsDocumentsinpaymentmethodsfinancialinstrumentscommercialdocuments5、信用證的種類（一般分類）

freelynegotiable對議付的規(guī)定restrictednegotiable

revocable

（UCP600已取消）開證行的保證性質

irrevocableL/C

confirmedL/C有無第三方付款保證

unconfirmedL/CNormaltypesL/C

(availability按資金可使用方式)a.議付信用證negotiationL/C----usuallywithsightdraft----claimonissuingbank----negotiatingbank:withrecoursetobeneficiary1.Shippin