英語(yǔ)四級(jí)選詞填空高頻詞匯與技巧

..確定空白處詞性以下情況,空白處為動(dòng)詞：1n./pron.vt.n./pron.前有名后有名,中間謂動(dòng)2n./pron.vi.前名后無(wú)名,謂動(dòng)不及物3n./pron.vi.adv./prep.前名后介副,謂動(dòng)不及物4n./pron.linkv./beadj.前名后形容,be動(dòng)或系動(dòng)5tov.前有to,后原型注意：確定空白處為動(dòng)詞,還需根據(jù)上下文確定正確形式以下情況,空白處為分詞：過(guò)去分詞：1has/have/hadp.p<完成時(shí)態(tài)>2bep.p<被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)>3p.pn.或n.p.p<過(guò)去分詞做形容詞,表示被動(dòng)或已發(fā)生>現(xiàn)在分詞：1be-ing<進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)>2-ingn.或n.-ing<現(xiàn)在分詞做形容詞,表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行>3prep.–ing<介詞賓語(yǔ)>以下情況,空白處為名詞：<名詞通常做主語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞介詞賓語(yǔ)>1a/then.前有冠詞2n.V.空白后為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞3prep.n.空白前為介詞,則空白處為名詞或動(dòng)名詞<注意：根據(jù)空白處前的冠詞和上下文判斷所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù);根據(jù)空白處后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式判斷所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)>以下情況,空白處為形容詞：1adj.n.n.adj.空白前后是名詞2adv.adj.空白前是副詞3linkv./beadj.be動(dòng)或系動(dòng)后考慮形容詞做表語(yǔ)以下情況,空白處為副詞：1adv.v.或v.adv.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,表示程度狀態(tài)2adv.adj.副詞可修飾形容詞3adv.從句,有些副詞做句子的狀語(yǔ),表示轉(zhuǎn)折因果等邏輯關(guān)系確定考點(diǎn)需要積極意義還是消極意義,繼而縮小選擇范圍,節(jié)省大量時(shí)間。Sample:Theclassroom<offers>opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith_______,peacefulones.<根據(jù)語(yǔ)法判斷此處為形容詞,與peaceful有一樣具有積極意義,與前文的angry,violent詞義色彩相反,那么comprehensive,cooperative,entire應(yīng)選擇cooperative>介詞后一定是名詞或動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ).注意to<介詞&動(dòng)詞不定式>to的短語(yǔ)接動(dòng)名詞:abandononeselfto<沉溺于>,adhereto<堅(jiān)持>,stickto<堅(jiān)持,信守>,clingto<堅(jiān)持,忠于>,admitto<承認(rèn)>,confessto<承認(rèn)>,contributeto<做貢獻(xiàn)>,feelupto<感覺(jué)能勝任>,getdownto<開始著手做>,giveone’smindto<專心>,givewayto<讓步>,yieldto<屈服>,leadto<導(dǎo)致>,lookforwardto<渴望>,objectto<反對(duì)>,taketo<開始從事,喜歡>,turnto<求助>,succumbto<屈服>,seeto<照顧,料理>,getusedto,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,becommittedto,bededicatedto,bedevotedto,beopposedto,bereducedto,besubjectto<受支配的,常遭受>,submitto<順從,屈服>利用不定冠詞<a/an>判斷考點(diǎn)是否為元音開頭,縮小選擇范圍Sample:Husbandandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a____thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.<scale,potential,gap,extreme,purchase,situation>充分利用詞庫(kù)中的近義詞或反義詞<若詞庫(kù)中出現(xiàn)一對(duì)近義或反義詞,其中一個(gè)必定是干擾項(xiàng).反義詞考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章語(yǔ)境色彩的辨析,只要辨析考點(diǎn)單詞是積極還是消極意義,就不難排除.近義詞考查考生對(duì)詞匯搭配用法的掌握,需要學(xué)生牢記近義詞的各種用法及搭配。>Sample：A>gravelyB>respectC>limitedD>specializeE>seriouslyF>promotingG>involvesH>relievedI>significantJ>magnificentK>rangeL>issuesM>resultN>determiningO>complicatedToday,wetakepain______.<此處應(yīng)用副詞做狀語(yǔ),考查近義詞辨析.Takesth.seriously為固定搭配>注意一詞多性：詞庫(kù)中的詞有的既是名詞又是動(dòng)詞,有些分詞也可以充當(dāng)形容詞,確定空白處所需單詞詞性后要全面考慮詞庫(kù)中的單詞詞性,不能遺漏。<respect,result,range>EINinoisthenamegiventothemysteriousandoftenunpredictablechangeintheclimateoftheworld.Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.ItstartsinthepacificOceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds<信風(fēng)>,whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5℃<degreescentigrade>.Thewarningoftheoceanhasfar-reachingeffects.Thehot,humid<潮濕的>airovertheoceancausessevere49thunderstorms.TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,50floodstoPeru.IntheWestPacific,therearedroughtsaffectingAustraliaandIndonesia.Sowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand51.EINinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1982-83EINinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.The1990EINinolasteduntilJune1995.Scientists54thistobethelongestEINinofor2,000years.Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanEINinowill55,buttheyarestillnot56surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.其選項(xiàng)如下：A>estimate;B>strength;C>deliberately;D>notify;E>tropical;F>phenomenon;G>stable;H>attraction;I>completely;J>destructive;K>starvation;L>bringing;M>exhaustion;N>worth;O>strike解題方法一、辨析詞性把十五個(gè)選項(xiàng)按詞性分別歸入名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等類別?？v觀樣題和真題,我們知道15個(gè)詞匯都屬于最重要的四類實(shí)詞。我們要學(xué)會(huì)每種詞匯的基本搭配和基本用法。辨性要注意下面幾點(diǎn)。1.遇到動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行二次分類：確定時(shí)態(tài),確定是第三人稱單數(shù)還是非第三人稱單數(shù);但應(yīng)注意動(dòng)詞+ed型的有兩種可能性,動(dòng)詞或形容詞;遇到名詞要確定單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。2.不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞,看后綴。構(gòu)詞法中,前綴表明意思,后綴表明詞性。所以看一個(gè)詞的后綴,往往能大致分出詞性。3.詞性一時(shí)無(wú)法確定的,暫時(shí)擱置,不必糾纏,影響全局。4.作出相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記?？芍苯佑米约鹤钋宄姆?hào)清楚標(biāo)在每個(gè)詞前后。不清楚的都標(biāo)問(wèn)號(hào)。以真題為例辨詞性A>estimate;B>strength;C>deliberately;D>notify;E>tropical;F>phenomenon;G>stable;H>attraction;I>completely;J>destructive;K>starvation;L>bringing;M>exhaustion;N>worth;O>Strike名詞：B,F,H,K,M<B的后綴th,H、K、M的tion都是名詞后綴>謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：A,D,O<A的-ate極可能是動(dòng)詞,D的-fy為動(dòng)詞后綴>非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：L<-ing結(jié)尾>形容詞：E,G,J<E的-cal,G的able,J的tive是形容詞后綴>副詞：C和I<ly加在形容詞后為副詞后綴>注意：即使從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò),也想辦法看能否判斷其詞性,詞的性質(zhì)有時(shí)比詞義還重要。詞的性質(zhì)并不總是固定的,有些不認(rèn)識(shí)的或無(wú)法確定的,如N>worth<adj./n.>,可先擱置,不要過(guò)度糾纏。綜合解題將選項(xiàng)分類之后,就得從文章中來(lái)尋找對(duì)應(yīng)的線索了。選項(xiàng)與文章匹配的因素有兩個(gè),第一是詞性,第二是詞義。所以在讀文章時(shí),要通過(guò)各種手段來(lái)確定空格的詞性與意義。<一>確定詞性,確定選項(xiàng)的選擇范圍1>關(guān)于動(dòng)詞的判斷前后都是名詞短語(yǔ),中間是動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)一句<包括從句>有且只有一個(gè)謂動(dòng)的原則,其它地方如無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,則需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;反之則不需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Nowadays,weatherexpertsareabletoforecastwhenanElNinowill55,but.<will后面必然是原形動(dòng)詞,一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)>55.OstrikeScientists54thistobethelongestElNinofor2,000years.<此句后只有一個(gè)tobe,是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故空格必為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;且空格前后均為名詞性,也基本確定它是動(dòng)詞。>54.Aestimate一個(gè)完整的句子之后再跟逗號(hào),后面一般是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。TherainfallisincreasedacrossSouthAmerica,50floodstoPeru.<前面是一個(gè)完整的句子,逗號(hào)后跟的,一般是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。此題選項(xiàng)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè),故直選之。>50.Lbringing2>其它詞的判斷形容詞或名詞修飾名詞,限定詞<the,this,that,a,my之類>后必有名詞Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.47.FphenomenonThehot,humid<潮濕的>airovertheoceancausessevere49thunderstorms.49.EtropicalElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1981-83ElNinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.<前面是最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ),自然是形容詞。>52.Jdestructive副詞修飾形容詞或動(dòng)詞…,buttheyarestillnot56surewhatleadstoitorwhataffectshowstrongitwillbe.<修飾形容詞sure,當(dāng)為副詞>56.Icompletely謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前有名詞主語(yǔ)Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.<happens是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,也可知前面為名詞短語(yǔ),缺一個(gè)核心名詞。>47.Fphenomenon介詞后面必有名詞Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5°C.<在介詞in的后面,當(dāng)為名詞無(wú)疑,此處整個(gè)短語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾lessen減少,當(dāng)為在某個(gè)方面減少。>48.Bstrength<二>句里句外,猜測(cè)詞義一看搭配：主謂賓、主系表與修飾詞直接的搭配關(guān)系決定著詞的意義。所以先看它被誰(shuí)修飾,與誰(shuí)形成主謂賓關(guān)系?？匆环N關(guān)系不行就看另一個(gè),靈活處之。Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.strange修飾47,也許看不出來(lái)是什么,再看47與happen形成主謂關(guān)系,能夠發(fā)生的是什么最好的當(dāng)然是現(xiàn)象。47.Fphenomenon二看邏輯：1.句內(nèi)<狀語(yǔ)從句,解釋,并列等>Asthetradewindslessenin48,theoceantemperaturesrise,causingthePerucurrentflowinginfromtheeasttowarmupbyasmuchas5°C.此句有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,as表示的時(shí)間或因果關(guān)系,是重要的解題線索。風(fēng)的什么減少,溫度就上升,當(dāng)然是風(fēng)的速度或風(fēng)力。48.BstrengthSowhilesomepartsoftheworldprepareforheavyrainsandfloods,otherpartsfacedrought,poorcropsand51.空格與前面兩個(gè)名詞并列,意味著意思相近。與干旱、收成不好一致的,很容易選出starvation饑荒.51.Kstarvation2.前文<指代等、句間連詞>Thisstrange47happenseveryfivetoeightyears.This告訴我們,此處是重提前面講到過(guò)的某個(gè)東西。前面講到過(guò)的核心概念就是ElNino,無(wú)疑是一種天氣"現(xiàn)象"。47.Fphenomenon表示可從前文找相應(yīng)線索的有兩類。與this一大類的還有：This/these/such;thesame/similar;worse/better/more/less等。還有就是表示邏輯關(guān)系的句間連詞,或者叫連接副詞。主要的如下。遞進(jìn)：Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/inaddition/even/also轉(zhuǎn)折：however/but/rather/instead因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence3.后文ElNinousuallylastsforabout18months.The1981-83ElNinobroughtthemost52weatherinmodernhistory.Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.段落開始部分,提出一個(gè)總的概括性的說(shuō)法。往往在下文有分述。ElNino究竟帶來(lái)的是什么樣的天氣,后面一句就交代得十分清楚。52.Jdestructive<dead,damage>三看習(xí)慣用法：固定搭配Itseffectwasworldwideanditleftmorethan2,000peopledeadandcausedovereightbillionpounds53ofdamage.53.Nworth此處考的是worth這個(gè)詞的特殊用法。它本是一個(gè)形容詞,但可用…worthofsth,來(lái)表明價(jià)值某物的某東西。e.g.Thefirecausedthousandsofpounds'worthofdamage.America'smostfamouswomanistheGoddessofLiberty,i.e.theStatueofLiberty.Itwasfirstthoughtofin1865byEdouarddeLaboulayeanddesignedbyanotherFrenchman,FredericBartoldi.Theywantedto11libertyandfriendship.Itwashopedthatthemonumentwouldbecompletedby1876whenAmerica12itscentennial.Fundraisingandthe13ofthestatueinFrancewentslowly.Itwas1885whenthe214cratescontainingthestatuereachedNewYork.Americanswereinitially14fortheyhadnotraisedthemoneytopayfortheerectionofthebase.Fundraisingbypopularsubscriptionwasbehind15.OnefundraisingmethodusedwastohavepopularAmericanswriteletterswhichwerethensoldinpublic.Thebaseandstatue,16272feettall,werecompletedin1886.Froma17standpoint,thestatueisamarvel.TheinnerstructurewasdesignedbytheFrenchengineer,AlexandreEiffel.Hisdesignforthestressedcopperskinofthestatueanticipatedmanyofthe18utilizedinmodernaircraft.Afteracentury,themonumentbegantoshowsignsofgettingworsein19.JustasFrenchmenhadcreatedtheStatue,soitwaswithrestoration.AFrenchmannotedthedecayandFrenchandAmericancraftsmenandcontributionsbroughtabouttherenewaloftheStatueintimeforitscentennial.Libertyisstill20inFranceandtheUnitedStates.A.completelyB.measuresC.popularD.togetherE.honorF.manufactureG.scheduleH.rewardI.celebratedJ.principlesK.embarrassedL.technicalM.voluntaryNconditions0.discouraged答案：11.E12.I13.F14.K15.G16.D17.L18.JTheLouisianaPurchaseOnApril30,1803,theareaoftheUnitedStatesapproximatelydoubled.Untilthattime,UnitedStatesterritoryhadextendedfromtheAtlanticOceantothebanksoftheMississippiandfromtheGreatLakesandtheSt.LawrenceRivertothethirty-firstparallel.ThenationallandnowwasexpandedwestwardtoincludepracticallyalloftheareabetweentheMississippiRiverandtheRockyMountainsandbetweentheGulfofMexicoandtheCanadianborder.Onthatday,forfifteenmilliondollars,theUnitedStatespurchasedfromFrance875,000squaremilesofterritory.AfterRobertR.Livingston,anAmericanwhorepresentedPresidentJeffersoninFrance,signedhisnametothetreaty,herose,shookhandswithJamesMonroeandMarbois,theFrenchmanrepresentingNapoleonandremarked,"Wehavelivedlong,butthisisthenoblestworkofourlives."Asweglancebackwarduponthisimportanteventinhistory,wemustagreethatthesigningofthetreatyforthepurchaseofLouisianawasprobablythemostimportanteventinThomasJefferson'sadministration.Withouttheacquisitionofthisterritory,theUnitedStateswouldmostprobablyhavenotdevelopedintothepowerfulnationwhichitistoday.WhatCausesLedtoPurchaseoftheLouisianaTerritoryUntil1763,LouisianahadbeenapossessionofFrance,butinthatyearitwasgiventoSpaintorepayanolddebt.TwentyyearslaterinParis,thetreatyendingtheAmericanRevolutionwassignedbetweentheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain.OneofthetermsofthistreatywasthatthewesternborderoftheUnitedStateswastostretchtotheMississippiRiver.ImmediatelysettlersandpioneerscrossedwestwardovertheAlleghenyMountainstocleartheterritoryandestablishfarms.Sinceroadswerescarceanddifficulttotravel,theproductsofthesefarmershadtobeshippedonthewaterwaysleadingtotheMississippiRiverandthendownthisgreatstreamtoNewOrleans.Atthisportcity,theproducewastransferredtolargerocean-goingvesselsandtransportedtomarketsontheEasternSeaboardortoEurope.However,Spain'sownershipofbothshoresoftheriverforatleasttwohundredmilesnorthofNewOrleanspermittedthisforeignnationtocontrolthetrademovingontheMississippi.Asamonarchy<君主政體>,theSpanishgovernmentdistrustedtherisingspiritofdemocracyintheUnitedStates,especiallythemuchfreerexpressionofdemocracythatexistedamongthewesternfarmers.ThisdistrustofdemocracyresultedinthedesireoftheSpanishtodenytheuseofthegreatrivertoanyAmericans.Thereactionwasinstantaneous<瞬間的>andfurious,westernfarmersraisedtheirvoicestoprotestandtheUnitedstatessentJohnJaytoMadridtodiscussthismatter.In1795thisconflictwassettled.SpainconsentedtoallowcitizensoftheUnitedStatestherighttousethelowerMississippiRiverandalsothe"rightofdeposit"atNewOrleans,therightofdepositpermittedAmericanfarmers,withoutadutycharge,toremovetheirproductsfromsmallerboatsatNewOrleansafterhavingnavigateddowntheMississippi,andthentotransfertheagriculturalcommoditiestolargerocean-goingvessels.Forthesucceedingfiveyearsthisagreementwasobservedandlittleconflictexisted.OnOctober1,1800,however,SpainsignedatreatygivingtheownershipoftheLouisianaterritorybacktoFrance.ThenewsofthistreatydidnotreachJeffersonuntilMayofthefollowingyear.Assoonashebecameawareofthechangeinownershipoftheterritory,JeffersonrealizedthatthiswaspartofaplanbywhichNapoleonhopedtoestablishFranceasagreatpowerintheNewWorld.AlthoughNapoleonstillpermittedSpaintoremainincontroloftheportofNewOrleans,thefuturethreattothenavigationrightsofthewesternfarmersstillremained.Atanymoment,Napoleonmightsendtroopstothe"Gateway"andforbidAmericanstouseitfornavigation.ThiswouldaffectalmostfortypercentofthetotalexporttradeoftheUnitedStates.ByApril1802Jefferson'sconcernsinthismatterbecameevenmoreintense.NapoleonhadshippedarmedforcestoSantoDomingotosuppresstheuprising.Oncethishadbeenaccomplished,thetroopswereunderorderstotakepossessionofLouisianawithitskeyportcityofNewOrleans.OntheeighteenthofthatmonththePresidentwrotehisnow-famouslettertotheAmericanMinistertoFrance,RobertR.Livingston.Thereisoneplaceontheglobe,onesinglespot,thepossessorofwhichisournaturalandhabitualenemy.ItisNewOrleansthroughwhichtheproduceofthreeeighthsofourterritorymustpasstomarket...itsealstheunionoftwonationswhoinconjunctioncanmaintainexclusivepossessionoftheocean.FromthatmomentwemustmarryourselvestotheBritishfleetandnation.SevenmonthslaterJeffersonlearnedthattheSpanishofficialsatNewOrleanshadsuspended<暫不實(shí)行>therightofdeposit.Immediatelywesternfarmersprotested.Manydemandedimmediateaction.Otherspressedforadeclarationofwar.TheFederalistsintheEastwhoopposedJeffersonsidedwiththosewhowishedtodeclarewar,inordertosplittheranksofhisfollowers.InJanuary1803,Congressappropriatedtwomilliondollars"todefray<支付>expensestohelpimproverelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandforeignnations."JeffersonaskedJamesMonroetosailforFrancetoresolvethedifficulty.MonroewasinstructedtonegotiateforthepurchaseofNewOrleansandFlorida.Hewaspermittedtooffer50,000,000francsforthisconcessionofterritory.Ifthisofferwererefused,thenanalternativeofferof37,500,000francswastobemadeforNewOrleansalone.AthirdalternativetobeusedinthenegotiationwastoinsistuponthepermanentrightofdepositatNewOrleansandnavigationalongthelowerMississippi.IfallthreeofferswererejectedbyNapoleon,MonroeandLivingstonwereinstructedtonegotiateanalliancewiththeBritishGovernment"nottomakeanypeacewithFrance."WhyNapoleonSoldLouisianaEventsfavoredtheUnitedStates.Napoleonhadtransported35,000troopstowipeouttherebellioninSantoDomingo,butyellowfeverandtherebelsdidawaywithmostoftheFrenchtroops.WiththisdisasterNapoleon'svisionsofexpandinginthemainlandatNewOrleansvanished.HealsorecognizedheinevitabilityofaconflictwithGreatBritain.HowcouldhehopetokeepLouisiana,thousandsofmilesawayacrosstheAtlantic,aslongasBritainwas"EmpressoftheSeas"?TherevenuethatthesaleofLouisianawouldbringtoFrancewasa