2021屆全國(guó)高三年級(jí)新高考模擬培優(yōu)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(三)英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

2021屆高考模擬試題PAGEPAGE162021屆全國(guó)高三年級(jí)新高考模擬培優(yōu)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練（三）英語(yǔ)試題本試卷滿分120分，考試時(shí)間100分鐘。第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AGraduateSchemesCommercialBankingGraduateScheme

WehelpU.K.-basedclientstoinvestlocallyandtradeglobally,andadvisethemonwaystheycanmanagerisk.Toapplyforourscheme,youneeda2:1degreeoraboveinanydisciplinefromanyuniversity.

Location:OurgraduateschemesarebasedinvariouscitiesaroundtheU.K.,includingLondon,Birmingham,EdinburghandBristol.

WHATYOU'LLBEDOING

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Attendingclientmeetingstounderstandtheirneedsandofferingsolutionstosupportthem.

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ManagingtheGroup'sexposuretoriskandassessinginvestmentopportunities.RiskManagementGraduateScheme

Ifyouareeagertolearnhowanationalorganizationprotectsitselfanditscustomersfromdifferentthreats,you'llbeagreatfitforourRiskManagementteams.Whatyouneedisjusta2:2degreeorabove.

Location:ThefirstplacementwillbeinBristol,followedbythreeplacementsinLondon.

WHATYOU'LLBEDOING

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Developingyourunderstandingofcreditrisks,riskanalysisfindfinancialmodeling.

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Usingartificialintelligence(AI)tosimplifyourriskmanagementprocesses.FinanceGraduateScheme

Financeteamsarethetrustedadvisorstoourbusiness.And,oncetheyunderstandhowabusinessworks,theycandevelopstrategiesthathelptransformit,withinafast-changingindustry.

Accountingandfinancegraduatesarequalifiedforthisscheme.

Location:London.

WHATYOU'LLBEDOING

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Buildingrelationshipswithcolleaguesandcustomerstobetterunderstandtheirneeds.

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Reviewingourpracticesandcontributingideasonthewayswecanimprovethem.ManufacturingGraduateScheme

We'retheU.K.'ssecondlargestfreshfoodmanufacturer.We'reuniqueinthewaywesourceandmakemostofourfreshfoodourselves.Tojoinus,it'scrucialthatyouhaveadrivinglicense.Besides,youmusthaveapassionforfoodqualityandsafety.Thosewhohaveaminimum2:2degreeandarefluentinChinesewillbepreferred.

Location:London.

WHATYOU'LLBEDOING

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Workingwithavarietyofteamsatseveralofourmanufacturingsites.

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Goingonplacementinstorestolearnmoreaboutourretailoperations.1.IfyouwanttostayinBirmingham,whichgraduateschemecanyouchoose?

A.FinanceGraduateScheme. B.ManufacturingGraduateScheme.

C.RiskManagementGraduateScheme. D.CommercialBankingGraduateScheme.

2.AfterfinishingtheRiskManagementGraduateScheme,whatcanyoudo?

A.Createinvestmentopportunities. B.Mastermoreaboutretailoperations.

C.Formulatetheriskmanagementsystem. D.UseAItomakeriskmanagementprocesseseasier.

3.WhichcertificateisamusttoapplyforManufacturingGraduateScheme?

A.A2:1degree. B.Adrivinglicense.

C.AMandarincertificate. D.Afoodproductionlicense.B

Theearismadeupofthreedifferentsectionsthatworktogethertocollectsoundsandsendthemtothebrain:theouterear,themiddleear,andtheinnerear.

Theouterearismadeupofthepinnaandtheearcanal.Thepinnaisthepartoftheearyouseeonthesideofyourhead.Itsmainjobistogathersoundsandfunnelthemtotheearcanal,whichisthepathwaythatleadstothemiddleear.Glands(腺)intheskinliningtheearcanalproduceearwax(耳垢),whichprotectsthecanalbycleaningoutdirtandhelpingtopreventinfections.

Themiddleearisanair-filledholethatturnssoundwavesintovibrationsanddeliversthemtotheinnerear.Themiddleearisseparatedfromtheouterearbytheeardrum(鼓膜),athinpieceoftissuestretchedtightacrosstheearcanal.Soundshittheeardrum,causingittomove.

Thevibrationsfromthemiddleearchangeintonervesignalsintheinnerear.Theinnerearincludesthecochlea(耳蝸)andthesemicircularcanals.Thesnail-shapedcochleachangesthevibrationsfromthemiddleearintonervesignals.Thesesignalstraveltothebrainalongthecochlearnerve,alsoknownasthehearingnerve.

Teachkidstoprotecttheirhearingbypayingattentiontothenoiselevelsthey'reexposedto.Havethemturndownthevolumeonvideogames,TVs,and,especially,portablemusicplayers.Makesuretheytakehearingprotection(likeearplugsorprotectiveheadphones)whenthey'llbearoundloudnoises(ataconcert,carrace,etc.).

Ifyourchildhasanytroublewithhearing,turntoyourdoctor.Treatinghearinglossearlycanlimitthedamage.4.What'stheusageoftheearcanal?

A.Toserveasabridge.

B.Toproduceearwaxintheear.

C.Topreventinfections.

D.Togatherandfunnelsounds.

5.Whichpartisbetweentheouterearandthemiddleear?

A.Theearcanal. B.Theeardrum.

C.Theinnerear. D.Thecochlea.

6.What'stheauthor'sadvicetothechildwithhearingimpairment?

A.Consultthedoctor.

B.Takehearingprotection.

C.Cleanearsregularly.

D.Turndownthevolume.

7.Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?

A.Thescientists. B.Theparents.

C.Theteachers. D.Thekids.C

ArecentarticlepublishedbythesciencejournalNatureNeurosciencesaysthatexcessive(過(guò)度的)lightexposureatnightleadstosymptomsofdepressioninmice.

Healthexpertshavelongsuggestedthatexposuretolightduringnighttimemayleadtodepressioninhumans,butnowChinesescientistshaveverifiedthatthishappenstomice.

ScientistsfromtheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,basedinHefei,AnhuiProvince,foundthattheeffectwaspartlycontrolledbyaneuralpathwaythatcarriessignalsfromtheeyestoaspecificregionofbrain.Blockingthepathwaycouldpreventtheeffect,thepapersaid.

Intheirexperiments,thescientistsexposeddozensofmicetobluelightfrom9p.m.to11p.m.Bluelightwaschosenbecauseneuronsaremostsensitivetoit,accordingtoAnKai,theleadauthorofthepaper,whichwaspublishedinthesciencejournal

NatureNeuroscience.

"Tooursurprise,theeffectwasveryobviousinmice,"saidAn."Theexposureresultedinmorethan70percentofthesubjectmiceexhibitingdepressivesymptoms,whichwasshownbytwoclassicaltests."

Themiceexhibiteddecreasedmobilityintheforcedswimmingtestanddecreasedpreferenceinthesugarpreferencetest.

Ansaidresearchersfinallyhopetoverifythemechanisminhumans,butfurtherexperimentsarerequired.

Micearemoreactiveatnightthaninthedaytime,whichiscontrarytohumans.

"Forthenextstageofresearch,wewillmoveontootheranimalswhosebiologicalrhythmsareclosertohumans,Ansaid.

Exposuretoexcessivelightatnighttime,eitherfromlightsortheuseofelectronicdevicessuchasmobilephonesorpersonalcomputersbeforebedtime,hasbeenassociatedwithagreaterriskofdepression,thepapernoted.8.Whathastheresearchfound?

A.Humansaredepressedwhenthey'reexposedtolightatnight.

B.Muchexposuretolightatnightmakesmicedepressed.

C.Micearemoresensitivetolightatnightthanhumans.

D.It'sharmfultobeexposedtobluelightatnight.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"verified"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Proved. B.Hoped. C.Remembered. D.Guessed.

10.Whichofthefollowingwasaresultcausedbytheexposuretobluelightatnight?

A.Themobilityofthemiceinswimmingimproved.

B.Themicebecamemoresensitivetobluelight.

C.Themiceshowedlessinterestinsugar.

D.Themicenolongerlikedswimming.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.It'slessharmfultobeexposedtolightfromthesky.

B.Weshouldneverusepersonalcomputersbeforebedtime.

C.It'snecessarynottousemobilephonestoomuchatnight.

D.Depressioncanbeavoidedifwedon'tuseelectronicdevicesatnight.D

Themoonmayholdwaterinmoreplacesandinlargeramountsthanscientistshavesuggestedinthepast.ThefindingisbasedontwostudiespublishedinNatureAstronomy—thatexaminednewdatafromtheU.S.spaceagencyNASA.

Untilabout10yearsago,scientistsbelievedthemoonwasmostlydry.Then,aseriesoffindingsprovidedevidencethatwatericewaswidespreadinsmallamountsonpartsofthemoon.Theicewasthoughttobeinareaspermanentlyblockedfromsunlight.

Butinoneofthenewstudies,NASAsaiditwasabletovalidatethepresence

ofwatermolecules(分子)onsunlitpartsofthelunarsurface.ThespaceagencysaystheidentificationcamefromdatacollectedbyitsSOFIAairborneobservatoryequippedwithapowerfultelescope.TheresearchwasledbyCaseyHonniballofNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenterinMaryland.Scientistshavesuggestedthesourceofthewatermayhavebeencomets(彗星),asteroids(小行星),solarwindorinterplanetarydust.Thenewresearchprovidesevidencethatthewatermaybesurvivingonsunlitlunarsurfacesbecauseitisattachedtominerals.

Thesecondstudycenteredonso-called"coldtraps"onthemoon.Theseareareasofthelunarsurfacethatexistinastateofpermanentdarknesswheretemperaturesarebelowaboutminus160degreesCelsius.Scientistssaytemperaturesthiscoldcanholdfrozenwaterforbillionsofyears.

PlanetaryscientistPaulHayneoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderledtheresearchoncoldtraps.Hesaidlikely"tensofbillions"oftraps.Hayne'steamsaysthenewresearchsuggestsmorethan40,000squarekilometresofthemoon'ssurfacemayhavetheabilitytotrapwaterintheformofice.Thatfigureis20percentbiggerthanpredictedinthepast,Haynesaid.

JacobBleacheristhechiefexplorationscientistforNASA'sHumanExplorationandOperationsMissionDirectorate.Hetoldreporterstheagencybelievesitisveryimportanttofindoutmoreaboutwherethewatercomesfromandhowaccessibleitis.12.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword"validate"inparagraph3?

A.Confirm. B.Deny. C.Observe. D.Control.

13.Whatcanwelearnaboutcoldtraps?

A.Theyexistforarelativelyshorttime.

B.There'smuchmovingwaterthere.

C.Theyareonthesunlitpartofthelunarsurface.

D.Thetemperatureisextremelylowthere.

14.Whatmaythefutureresearchfocuson?

A.Howcoldtrapstakeshape.

B.Howtomakeuseofthewater.

C.Howwaterisattachedtominerals.

D.Howmuchwaterisonthelunarsurface.

15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellinthetext?

A.Waterisfoundtoexistonthemoon.

B.Moonholdsmorewaterthanexpected.

C.Scientistsfoundcoldtrapsonthelunarsurface.

D.NASA'sexplorationofthemoonisunderway.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

We'velongbeentaughtthathelpingothershelpsourselves.AsCharlesDickenswrote,"Nooneisuselessinthisworldwholightenstheburdensofanother."

Sciencehasshownthatunselfishbehaviorsactuallydoimproveourhealth.

16_____Itcanreducetheriskforcognitiveimpairment(認(rèn)知障礙).Itcanevenhelpuslivelonger.

17_____

A2017studyfoundpainsuffererswhovolunteeredreporteddecreasedpainalongwithanimprovedsenseofpurpose.Anewseriesofstudiesmayhavefoundonereason.Regionsofthebrainthatreacttopainfulstimulationseemtoinstantlydisappearbytheexperienceofgiving.

Inanotherstudy,theresearchersemployedcancerpatientslivingwithpainandaskedthemtocookandcleanforthemselvesorforthebenefitofothersattheirtreatmentcenter.

18_____Whentheydidtheworkfortheirownpersonalbenefit,thepain-relievingeffectwasreducedbyover62%.

Inaddition,thestudyfounditwasthemeaningpeoplegavetotheirgooddeedsthatpredictedhowmuchpainthebrainwouldperceive.Researchersbelievethemedicineshouldconsiderusingunselfish"supplementtherapies(補(bǔ)充療法)"totreatpain.19_____

Theactofgivingproducesareducedsenseofpaincombinedwithfeel-goodchemicals—itseemsourbrainsrewardusforhelpingothersevenwhenwe'renotexpectinganythinginreturn.20_____A.Itistrueforvolunteers.B.Helpingothershelpsourselves.C.However,moreresearchisneededabouttheidea.D.Italsoappearsthatgivingcanhelpuscopewithpain.E.Whentheywerehelpingothers,theirpainlevelsdropped.F.Volunteering,forexample,hasbeenshowntoreducestressandimprovedepression.G.Soundslikeagreatreasontoputvolunteeringandothergivingbehavioronyourto-dolist.第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

IgraduatedwithadegreeinBiologythreeyearsago.Sincethen,Ihave

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inScienceEducationinhighschool.Iseescienceassomethinglinkedtothe

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life.

Scienceisnotjustastudyorworkin

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thatonlyalimitednumberofpeopledo.

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,itisrelatedtoourlives,somethingthateveryonecan

25

.

Thereisscienceeverywhere.Weshouldbeinterestedandtrytokeepacloserelationshipwithit,soweareabletohaveagood

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ofwhatishappeningaroundus.Themostimportantissuesdiscussedtodayarein

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withscience.Wecanthinkaboutfood,climate,energyandmanyotherthings.

Wedon'tneedtobecome

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tolearnaboutscience.Wejustneedtostop

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scienceassomethingdifficultand

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andstartthinkingofitaspartofourownlives.Whenitcomestoscience,I

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thinkaboutschool.I'malwaysconcernedabouthowtobringscienceto

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Iexpectstudentscouldbemore

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aboutscienceiftheycouldseeitthisway.

Foreveryone,basicknowledgeofscience

34

becauseitmakeslifeeasier,anditgives

35

toallwewonderrelatedtolife.Itgiveswingstoourimaginationandopensdoorstotheworld.21.A.specialized

B.succeeded

C.shared

D.settled

22.A.private

B.daily

C.special

D.professional

23.A.classrooms

B.studios

C.libraries

D.laboratories

24.A.Instead

B.However

C.Therefore

D.Somehow

25.A.putaway

B.takeup

C.carryout

D.participatein

26.A.forecast

B.chance

C.understanding

D.impression

27.A.company

B.cooperation

C.connection

D.comparison

28.A.teachers

B.scientists

C.leaders

D.biologists

29.A.recognizing

B.regarding

C.recommending

D.reporting

30.A.strict

B.serious

C.advanced

D.distant

31.A.occasionally

B.hardly

C.instantly

D.gradually

32.A.careers

B.classes

C.sections

D.topics

33.A.particular

B.positive

C.pleased

D.curious

34.A.expands

B.matches

C.counts

D.varies

35.A.answers

B.attention

C.services

D.support第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

AgrowingnumberofyoungChinesepeoplearelookingtothepastforfashionsuggestions.Ifyoulook36_____

(close)aroundyourcity,youmightspotHanfu,thetraditionalclothingoftheHanethnicgroup.Inareportpublishedrecently,morethan2millionHanfuoutfits37_____

(sell)in2018online.Thenumberofbuyersincreasedby92percent38_____

(compare)tothatin2017,withtheaverageageofbuyerstwenty-one.

39_____hasthistraditionalclothingbecometrendy?Someyoungpeoplesayit'sacostumeforrelaxationandthatdressinginHanfuisawayforthem

40_____(escape)thetroublesofreallife,while

41_____likeHanfubecauseoftheculturebehindit.Theyregardit

42_____awaytoreconnectwithtraditions.Itswidesleeves,crossed

43_____(collar)andflowingrobes(長(zhǎng)袍)bringpeoplebacktoancienttimes.That'sprobablywhysomefansbringthetraditionalclothingabroad.Sohureportedonavloggerwhoclimbedthe

44_____(high)mountaininGermanywearingHanfuthissummer.Thisvloggerreceivedpraisefromtourists."ManyChinesepeoplearefondofHanfu,asithelpsthemestablishtheir

45_____(nation)identityandsenseofbelonging,"ZhangYiwu,aprofessoratPekingUniversity,toldChinaDaily.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假定你是李華，本周日你所在英語(yǔ)社團(tuán)要去當(dāng)?shù)匚幕诌M(jìn)行英語(yǔ)標(biāo)識(shí)勘誤活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)給外籍老師Mr.Smith寫封郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1.活動(dòng)目的；2.活動(dòng)安排；3.發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

InFebruary,Iwasdiagnosedwithreceptor-positivebreastcancer,oneofthemostcommontypesofbreastcancerfoundtoday.Bythetimemyscheduledoutpatientsurgerytoremovetwotumors(腫瘤)atManhattan'sMountSinaiHospitalonMarch31rolledaround,NewYorkCityhadbeenshutdownfor11days.

Theresults,deliveredsixdaysaftertheprocedureviateleconferencefrommybreastsurgeon,revealednocancerremained.Iwastoldthepost-surgerytreatmentwouldbefiveweeksofradiationtoensurea93%chanceofnocancerrecurrencein10years.MyfamilyhuggedmeasIshouted,"Nochemo(化療)!"

Butinmid-April,mycasewashandedtoadoctorwhoorderedatestthathelpstopredicttheriskofanearly-stagebreastcancerspreadingtootherpartsofthebody.Unfortunately,Iwasinahighrisk,whichmeantthatbeforeradiationIwouldneedtohaveeightroundsofchemo.Becauseoftherequirementofthechemoaswellasano-companionrulecarriedoutbythehospitalduringthisspecialperiod,Iwouldhavetobeseparatedfromallothers,exceptforthechemotreatmentteam.Andbesidesthelonelinessandphysicalsuffering,Iknewthechemotreatmentswouldalsotakemyhairaway.Thenewsjustfeltsurrealandextremelyterrible.

Iworriedaboutmyfamily,myhealth,andalsomywork.I'vealwaysbeenaTypeA,happiest-pursuing-four-goals-at-a-timekindofperson.Caseinpoint:Onedayaftermybreastsurgery,Ihadalreadypackedmycalendarfullofworkappointments.Thefollowingday,Idecidedthesideeffectsweremanageableenough,andIfellbackintokeepingmyusualpackedroutine.

Asmyworldwaslimitedtoaone-bedroomapartmentandmedicalfacilities,mostofmytimewasspentinrestingandthinking.I'vealwaysbeenpessimistic.Obviously,havingchemotreatmentsduringsuchatimewasn'tonmywishlistinlife—butIcouldalsochoosetoseemyselftobefortunatetohavetheopportunitytoreceivethetreatmentswithsomany,outsidechallenges.Thethoughtmademefeelbetter.注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Paragraph1:

Idecidedtomakemorepositivechanges.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:

What'smore,Ifoundsupportinmychemoteam.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

『答案解析』第一部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)A『答案』1-3.DDB

『解析』1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CommercialBankingGraduateScheme部分的Location:OurgraduateschemesarebasedinvariouscitiesaroundtheU.K.,includingLondon,Birmingham,EdinburghandBristol.可知,商業(yè)銀行畢業(yè)生計(jì)劃在伯明翰設(shè)有工作地點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RiskManagementGraduateScheme部分的Usingartificialintelligence(AI)tosimplifyourriskmanagementprocesses.可知,工作者可以用人工智能簡(jiǎn)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理過(guò)程。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ManufacturingGraduateScheme部分的Tojoinus,it'scrucialthatyouhaveadrivinglicense.可知,申請(qǐng)?jiān)撚?jì)劃需要有駕駛執(zhí)照。故選B項(xiàng)。B『答案』4-7ABAB『解析』4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Itsmainjobistogathersoundsandfunnelthemtotheearcanal,whichisthepathwaythatleadstothemiddleear.可知，耳道就是一個(gè)通向中耳的路徑，故選A項(xiàng)。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Themiddleearisseparatedfromtheouterearbytheeardrum可知，中耳和外耳是由鼓膜分開的，故選B項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段中的Ifyourchildhasanytroublewithhearing,turntoyourdoctor.可知，作者建議有聽力問(wèn)題的孩子要向醫(yī)生求助，故選A項(xiàng)。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Teachkidstoprotecttheirhearing和倒數(shù)第一段中的Ifyourchildhasanytrouble可知，這篇文章是寫給父母的，故選B項(xiàng)。C『答案』8-11.BACC

『解析』8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Arecentarticle...saysthatexcessivelightexposureatnightleadstosymptomsofdepressioninmice.可知,該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)老鼠夜間過(guò)度暴露在光亮中會(huì)變得抑郁,故選B項(xiàng)。

9.詞義猜測(cè)題。前文提到一些健康專家提出夜間過(guò)度暴露在光亮中可能使人抑郁,由第一段可知,這種現(xiàn)象在老鼠身上也存在,因此此處是指中國(guó)科學(xué)家證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。由此推斷verify意為“證實(shí)”,而prove意為“證明”,符合題意,故選A項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段Themiceexhibited...decreasedpreferenceinthesugarpreferencetest.可知,經(jīng)過(guò)藍(lán)光照射后,老鼠在糖偏好實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)糖的興趣有所減少,故選C項(xiàng)。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知,不管是燈光還是電子設(shè)備的光,夜間過(guò)度暴露在光亮中都會(huì)增加抑郁的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),由此推斷我們應(yīng)該減少夜間對(duì)電子設(shè)備的使用,故選C項(xiàng)。D『答案』12-15ADBB『解析』12.根據(jù)畫線詞后的"thepresenceofwatermolecules(分子）onsunlitpartsofthelunarsurface"和第三段最后一句"Thenewresearchprovidesevidencethatthewatermaybesurvivingonsunlitlunarsurfacesbecauseitisattachedtominerals"可知，新的研究為月球表面受陽(yáng)光照射的地方有水的存在提供了證據(jù)，因此NASA得以證實(shí)這些地方有水分子的存在，validate表示"證實(shí)，確認(rèn)"，與confirm意思相同。故選A。13.根據(jù)第四中的"Thesecondstudycenteredonso-called'coldtraps'...wheretemperaturesarebelowaboutminus160degreesCelsius"可知，這些“冷阱”處于永久的黑暗中，溫度約在零下160攝氏度以下，故選D。14.根據(jù)最后一段中的“Hetoldreporterstheagencybelievesitisveryimportanttofindoutmoreaboutwherethewatercomesfromandhowaccessibleitis”可知，JacobBleacher告訴記者，NASA認(rèn)為了解更多關(guān)于這些水從哪里來(lái)以及如何使用這些水的信息非常重要，故選B。15.通讀全文尤其是第一段中的"Thepast"和第二段中的"Untilabout10yearsago,scientistsbelievedthemoonwasmostlydry"可知，文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家的新發(fā)現(xiàn)——月球上存在水的地方和數(shù)量可能比過(guò)去認(rèn)為的要多，故選B。第二節(jié)『答案』16-20FDECG『解析』16語(yǔ)境&復(fù)現(xiàn)推斷。根據(jù)本段主旨句Sciencehasshownthatunselfishbehavioractuallydoesimproveourhealth.可知,本段介紹無(wú)私行為能夠改善健康,因此設(shè)空句應(yīng)與后文相呼應(yīng),介紹具體好處。F項(xiàng)(例如,志愿活動(dòng)已經(jīng)被證明可以減輕壓力并改善抑郁)提到了具體好處,且選項(xiàng)中的Volunteering為前文unselfishbehavior的舉例,符合語(yǔ)境。17語(yǔ)境推斷。設(shè)空句位于本段句首,且根據(jù)后文painsuffererswhovolunteeredreporteddecreasedpainalongwithanimprovedsenseofpurpose可知,本段的中心話題應(yīng)是"無(wú)私行為或志愿活動(dòng)能夠緩解疼痛",D項(xiàng)(給予行為似乎也能幫助我們應(yīng)對(duì)疼痛)貼合本段主旨,符合語(yǔ)境。18語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)前文theresearchersemployedcancerpatientslivingwithpainandaskedthemtocookandcleanforthemselvesorforthebenefitofothersattheirtreatmentcenter和設(shè)空處后一句可知,該研究中涉及的活動(dòng)有兩種:為自己或?yàn)樗俗鲲埡痛驋咝l(wèi)生;當(dāng)他們?yōu)榱俗约旱睦娑ぷ鲿r(shí),緩解疼痛的效果減少了62%以上,因此設(shè)空句應(yīng)介紹為他人做事帶來(lái)的疼痛緩解效果。E項(xiàng)(當(dāng)他們幫助別人時(shí),他們的疼痛程度下降了)符合語(yǔ)境。19邏輯推斷。前文themedicineshouldconsiderusingunselfish"supplementtherapies"totreatpain提及新的療法:無(wú)私的"補(bǔ)充療法"。因此設(shè)空句應(yīng)對(duì)該療法進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的解釋。C項(xiàng)(然而,這個(gè)想法還需要更多的研究)中theidea與前文提及的新療法相呼應(yīng);However與前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步解釋了這種想法需要更多的研究,前后銜接緊密,符合語(yǔ)境。20語(yǔ)境&邏輯推斷。前文itseemsourbrainsrewardusforhelpingothers提到幫助別人可以帶來(lái)好處,因此設(shè)空句應(yīng)承接前文,以"幫助別人"為話題,提出"幫助別人"的建議。G項(xiàng)(聽起來(lái)這是一個(gè)把志愿活動(dòng)和其他給予行為列入你的任務(wù)清單的好理由)為提出建議句式,agreatreason指前文提到的幫助別人可以帶來(lái)好處,前后銜接緊密,符合語(yǔ)境。第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)『答案』21-25ABDAD26-30CCBBD31-35CBDCA『解析』21.根據(jù)下文的"inScienceEducationinhighschool"可知，作者畢業(yè)之后，一直從事科學(xué)教育方面的工作。specializein"專攻"，符合語(yǔ)境。succeedin"在……（方面）成功，有作為"；sharein"共同承擔(dān)，分擔(dān)"；settlein"定居，適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣"。22.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及下文的"itisrelatedtoourlives"和"Thereisscienceeverywhere"可知,科學(xué)無(wú)處不在，即科學(xué)與我們的日常生活聯(lián)系在一起。daily"每天的，日常的"。23.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，科學(xué)存在于我們的日常生活中，故此處表示它不僅僅是少數(shù)人在實(shí)驗(yàn)室（laboratories)里做的事情，而是與我們的生活息息相關(guān)。24.參見(jiàn)上題解析。instead"而是，反而"。25.此處表示科學(xué)與我們的生活息息相關(guān)，人人都可以參與到科學(xué)中。putaway"把……收起來(lái)"；takeup"開始從事"；carryout"實(shí)施"；participatein"參與，參加"。26.我們應(yīng)該對(duì)科學(xué)產(chǎn)生興趣，與科學(xué)保持密切聯(lián)系，以便我們能很好地了解周圍發(fā)生的事。haveagoodunderstandingof"很好地了解"。27.根據(jù)上文可知，科學(xué)與我們的生活息息相關(guān)，無(wú)處不在;再根據(jù)下文的"Wecanthinkaboutfood,climate,energyandmanyotherthings"可知，食物、氣候、能源和許多其他事物都與科學(xué)相關(guān)。incompanywith"與……一起"；incooperationwith"與……合作"；inconnectionwith"與……有關(guān)"；incomparisonwith"與……比較"。28.根據(jù)上文的"Wedon'tneedtobecome"及下文的"learnaboutscience"可推斷出，此處指我們不需要成為科學(xué)家（scientists)來(lái)理解科學(xué)。29.根據(jù)下文的"startthinkingofitaspartofourownlives"可知，此處指我們只需要?jiǎng)e把科學(xué)視為一件困難和遙遠(yuǎn)的事，regard...as..."把……看作/視為……"。30.參見(jiàn)上題解析。第一段的"Iseescienceassomethinglinkedtothelife"和空前的連詞and是暗示。31.根據(jù)上文的"Whenitcomestoscience"和下文的"I'malways...students"可推知，此處指說(shuō)到科學(xué)，作者馬上想到了學(xué)校。instantly"馬上，立刻"。32.根據(jù)下文的Iexpectstudents...iftheycouldseeitthisway"可知，作者總是關(guān)心如何把科學(xué)引入課堂(classes)。33.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者相信如果學(xué)生把科學(xué)看作生活的一部分，他們會(huì)對(duì)科學(xué)感到更加好奇（curious)。34.根據(jù)下文的"becauseitmakeslifeeasier，and...opensdoorstotheworld"可知，基本的科學(xué)知識(shí)對(duì)每個(gè)人都很重要。count"重要"，在這里是熟詞新義。35.科學(xué)能解答我們探究生命時(shí)的疑問(wèn)，為我們的想象力插上翅膀（即讓我們放飛想象力），打開世界的大門。answer"答案"。第二節(jié)『答案』36closely；37weresold；38compared；39Why；40toescape；41others；42as；43collars；44highest；45national『解析』36考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為：如果你仔細(xì)觀察你所在的城市，你可