高中英語高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題復(fù)習(xí)定語從句教案

高中英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)：定語從句知識(shí)要點(diǎn)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別幾組的關(guān)系詞特殊用法一、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。Thehappymanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.mustdoeverythingthatIdo.被定語從句修飾的詞，叫先行詞。比如上面兩句中的man和everything.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞who,whom,that,which,ere,when,why等關(guān)系詞三重作用：①連接主從句；②指代先行詞；③在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。Themanwholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.該句中，wholivesnexttometheman“who”theman，在定語從句中作主語。二、關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和關(guān)系副詞here,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。that,which,who,whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句who指人，用作主語whom指人，用作賓語which指物，用作主語、賓語皆可thatTheteacherwhovisitsourschooltodayisfromGuangzhou.MrsReadisthepersonwhomyoushouldwriteto.Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchThefish(which)weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.AplaneisamachinethatcanThenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句：先行詞既可指人，也可指物，一般譯為“誰的”“什么東西的”，請看例子Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語Octoberlst,1949isthedaywhen(=onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語Irecentlywenttothetownwhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.why在從句中作原因狀語Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslatewasthathemissedthetrain.where的考查趨于復(fù)雜，從先行詞為明顯的“地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)為“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”wheretion,case,stage,point等，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，要用到關(guān)系副詞whereway(方式，方法)inwhichthat引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可省略：Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步了。Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that)heworkedouttheproblem?三、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別相同點(diǎn)：都屬于定語從句不同點(diǎn)：①形式上：有無逗號(hào)。限制性定從無逗號(hào)。非限制性定從，有逗號(hào)。②意義上：限制性定從對先行詞起修飾限制作用；非限制性定從起補(bǔ)充說明作用。Hehasfoundthebook(that)hewaslookingImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeveryHetoldmeastoryyesterday，whichIthinkisveryinteresting. (which指atory)hasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesmevery(which指逗號(hào)前面整句話意思)四、幾組關(guān)系詞的特殊用法thatwhich的情況：①all,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,someDoyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么要為自己要說的嗎？②thethevery(恰恰，正好),any,every,some,no,all,flittle,much,theright,thelast,just等修飾時(shí)。ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaiting③當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最有趣的電影。④當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.這是去蘇州的最后一趟火車。⑤當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠?？⑥?dāng)主句的主語是疑問句who或which時(shí)，Whichisthebikethatyoulost?哪輛是你丟的自行車？Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?贏得金牌的那個(gè)男孩是誰？⑦有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用which,另外一個(gè)宜用that.Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.⑧當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也作表語時(shí)。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海不再是過去的那座城市了。⑨主句是therebe句型且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語用，用that不用which引導(dǎo)。Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.whichthat的情況：①在非限制性定語從句中，只用which,不用thatHebrokemycup,whichmademeangry.他打破了我的杯子，這使我很生氣。②當(dāng)動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞提前時(shí)，只用which,不用that.ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived. 這是魯迅曾住過的房子。詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。Thisisthepen(which/that)I’mlookingfor.這是我正在尋找的那只鋼筆。whothat引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況①one,ones,anyone,noone,those,all,nobody,anybody,nonewhothat.Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.人們都喜歡那些有禮貌的人。②therebewhoTherearesomepeoplewhowanttohaveholidaysinHainan.有一些想去海南度假的人。③whothatProfessorwhoisoverstillworksharddayandnight.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句①such+名詞+as…像…一樣的，像…之類的thesame+名詞+as…和…同樣的其中as可作為關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。havefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料。(as作主語)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected. 們預(yù)料的那樣的低價(jià)出售。(as作賓語)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和過去不同了。(as作表語)注意such…as…引導(dǎo)的定語從句與such…that…引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別：Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.(定語從句)他是一個(gè)人人都喜愛的聰明孩子。Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.(狀語從句)他是一個(gè)如此聰明的孩子，以至于人人都喜愛他。asthat引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，從句中不缺任何成分。介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句(可用whom,who,that；關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用whichthat。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。方法：①根據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞的固定搭配來確認(rèn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中的介詞；②根據(jù)先行詞來確認(rèn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中的關(guān)系代詞Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。gotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.gotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.我們將去聽那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?。for,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which