中考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 說(shuō)明文一（含答案）

…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線(xiàn)…………○…………※※請(qǐng)※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線(xiàn)※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線(xiàn)…………○…………一、閱讀理解（共5題）1、It’softensaid,“Youcan’tliveonlyonair.”ButnowtheChinesescientistscantellyou:Maybeyoucan.Recently,someChinesescientistshavemadeabigbreakthrough(突破).TheyturnedCO2intostarch(淀粉).Starchisthemainpartofriceandcornthatweeateveryday.Usually,it’screatedbyplantswithCO2,waterandsunlight.Accordingtotheteam’sdirectorMaYanhe,ittakestheplantsnearlysixtystepstoproducestarch.Butnow,theteam,aftersixyearsofhardwork,hasfoundasimplerwaytodothis,withonlyelevensteps.“Ourstudyshowsthatcreatingsomethinglikestarchispossibleinalaboratory,andthistechnologymaybehelpfulinmanyareas,”saidMa.ThescientistsfirstturnedCO2andhydrogen(氫氣)intomethanol(甲醇).Thentheymadethesemethanolmolecules(分子)intobiggerandmorecomplex(復(fù)雜的)molecules.Finallythestarchcameout.Thismethodmakesitpossibletoproducefoodinfactoriesinsteadoftraditionalfarming.Thiswillnotonlyhelpmakeplentyoffood,butalsosavewaterandland.ItmayalsohelprecycleCO2todealwithclimate(氣候)change,accordingtoChinaDaily.Thestudycanbehelpfulinspace,too.Astronautsmaynolongerneedtoworryabouttheirfoodastheytravelinspace.TheymaysimplyturntheCO2theybreatheoutintothefoodtheyeat!36．WhatachievementhavetheChinesescientistsmaderecently?A．TheycreatedstarchwithCO2.B．Theygrewcorninspace.C．TheyturnedO2intostarch.D．Theyimprovedtraditionalfarming.37．Howmanystepsdothescientistsneedtoproducestarchnow?A．3.B．6.C．11.D．60.38．Whatdidthescientistsdofirsttomakestarch?A．TheyrecycledCO2inspace.B．Theyproducedriceandcornonthefarm.C．TheyturnedCO2andhydrogenintomethanol.D．Theymademethanolmoleculesintobiggerandmorecomplexones.39．ThetechnologymaybehelpfulinthefollowingareasEXCEPT________.A．makingfoodB．puttingsunlighttogooduseC．savingwaterandlandD．dealingwithclimatechange40．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowtoDealwithCO2B．TheAdvantagesofMakingStarchC．HowtoMakeFoodinSpaceD．China’sFirstStepinMan-madeFood2、Now,moreandmorepeoplehavedifficultiesinfallingasleep.“Infact,wecantrainourbraintofallasleep,”sayssleepexpertMichaelGrandner.Herearehistopways.Makeaplanandsticktoit.Melatonin(褪黑素)isproducedbythebodytocontrolwhenyougetsleepyandwhenyouwakeup.Asnightfalls,thelevelsofmelatoninrise,tellingthebodythatit’stimeforbed.Andthelevelsnaturallyfallasdaylightcomesnear,gettingyoureadytogreettheday.Therelease(釋放)ofmelatoninneedstobeatregular(有規(guī)律的)times.Soifyourbedtimeandwake-uptimechangefromdaytoday,yourbodydoesn’tknowhowtorespond(回應(yīng)).Soit’simportanttohavearegularbedtimeandwakeuptime,evenonweekends.Don’tlieinbedawake.Infact,thiswayisveryhelpful.Whetherit’sthebeginningofthenightorthemiddleofthenight,ifyou’vebeenawakefor20or30minutes,getup.Maybeyoujustneedfiveminutestogetsleepy,ormaybeanhour,butdon’tspendthattimeawakeinbed.Changeyourattitude(態(tài)度)aboutsleep.Manypeopleregardsleepingasthefinalthinginabusyday,sotheywouldratherdelaysleepingtodohousework,schoolworkorothers.Thatthoughtneedstobechanged.Makesureyoursleeptimeisenoughinordertoworkbetterthenextday.Itmaysoundlikeasmallchange,butit’sanimportantone.31．MichaelGrandnergivesus________waysinthispassage.A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four32．Whendothelevelsofmelatoninrise?A．Whenyou’retired.B．Whennightfalls.C．Whenyoufeelsleepy.D．Whendaylightcomes.33．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Ariseinmelatoninlevelstellsthebodyit’sthebedtime.B．Enoughsleeptimecan’tmakeyouworkbetterthenextday.C．It’snotnecessaryforustosleeporwakeupataregulartime.D．It’sbesttostayinbedifyou’reawaketoolongduringthenight.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“delay”meaninChinese?A．暗示B．督促C．調(diào)理D．推遲35．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theimportanceofsleepingwell.B．Thechangeofbedtimeandwake-uptime.C．Whentogotobedandwakeup.D．Howtotrainyourbrainforbettersleep.3、AChineseknot(中國(guó)結(jié))iswoven(編織)withasinglerope(繩).Ithasdifferentshapes.Eachshapehasitsownmeaning.PeoplecanuseropesofdifferentcolorstoweaveaChineseknot,buttheyusuallyuseredbecauseitmeansgoodluck.TheChineseknot,afolkart,hasalonghistory.Peoplefirstmadethemtorecordinformationandsendmessagesbeforetheystartedtousewords.Theknotswereusedfordecoration(裝飾)andtoexpressthoughtsandfeelingsintheTangDynasty.TheywerelaterpopularintheMingandQingdynasties.Butthisartwasn’treallyacceptedbythecommonpeopleuntiltheQingDynasty.Eventoday,Chineseknotsstillholdthevalueoffeelingswhentheyaresentasgifts.Forexample,loversmaygiveaknottoshowtheirlove.The“doublehappinessknot”isgivenandusedatweddings(婚禮)toexpresseachother’sloveandwishesforgrowingoldtogether.KnotsarealsousedwhenpeoplemaketraditionalclothesinChina.Theycanplaytheroleofbuttons(紐扣)andnowsilkiswidelyusedtomaketheseclothingknots.ManytouristsincludingforeignersliketobuyChineseknotsasgiftsduringtheirtrips.TherearemanyshoppingstreetsforpeopletobuyChineseknots.YiwuCommodityMarketinZhejiangProvinceisagoodplaceforthat.TherearemanydifferentkindsofbeautifulChineseknotsthere.Theyarepopularwithcustomers.26．________ofaChineseknotcanshowitsownmeaning.A．ThesizeB．TheweightC．ThecolorD．Theshape27．WhydopeopleusuallyuseredropestoweavetheChineseknots?A．Becausetheylooknice.B．Becausetheymeangoodluck.C．Becausetheyshowlove.D．Becausetheymeangrowingoldtogether.28．WhendidChinesecommonpeoplereallyacceptthefolkart?A．IntheTangDynasty.B．IntheSongDynasty.C．IntheMingDynasty.D．IntheQingDynasty.29．Whatiswidelyusedtomaketraditionalclothingbuttonsnow?A．Wood.B．Metal.C．Silk.D．Plastic.30．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．OnlyChinesepeopleliketobuytheChineseknots.B．Todaypeopleusea“doublehappinessknot”toexpresslovetotheirlovers.C．TouristscanbuymanydifferentkindsofChineseknotsinYiwuCommodityMarket.D．PeopleusedChineseknotstorecordinformationandsendmessagesbeforeusingwords.4、DavidBennett,a57-year-oldmanfromtheUS,receivedtheworld’sfirstpighearttransplant（移植）onJanuary7th,2022.HediedtwomonthslateronMarch9th.Itmaysoundlikeafailure,butitactuallyisabigstepforwardforxenotransplantation（異種器官移植）.Xenotransplantationhasbeenahottopicinmedicalresearchformanyyears.Doctorsandscientistslookforwaystosolvethebigproblemoforgan（器官）transplantwaitinglists.IntheUSalone,over100,000patientsareonalistwaitingforneworgans.Manyofthemwilldiebeforegettingtheirchancetoreceiveaheart,akidney（腎）orotherimportantorgans.Asaresult,medicalsciencehasturnedtoanimalorgans.Doctorshaveexperimentedwithxenotransplantationsincetheearly20thcentury.Therearefewsuccessstories.Usually,patients’bodiesreject（排斥）theanimalorgans.Bennetlivedmuchlongerthanotherxenotransplantationpatients.That’sbecausescientistsremovedpiggenes（基因）thatwouldcausefastrejection.Thentheyaddedhumangenestohelpthebodyaccepttheorgan.Infact,Bennett’scasewasnottheonlysuccess.DoctorsatNewYorkUniversityattached（連接）gene-editedpigkidneystoahumanpatient’sbloodvessels（血管）outsideofthebodyin2021.DoctorsatUniversityofAlabamaputthegene-editedpigkidneysinsideapatient’sbodyinthesameyear.Thoughthesesuccesseswereshort-lived,theyshowthattheremaybeawayforwardforxenotransplantation.“Alotofnewinformationwillcomeout.Thedevelopmentofthisfieldwillbenefitfromitandmoveforwardatfasterspeed.”MuhammadMohiuddin,directorofthetransplantprogram,toldTheGuardian.31．HowlongdidDavidBennettliveafterthepighearttransplant?________A．9monthsB．3months.C．2months.D．1month.32．Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromParagraph3?________A．Humanorgansareexpensive.B．Manypatientsdiedbecauseoftheorgantransplant.C．Comparedwithhumanorgans,animalorgansareeasiertoget.D．Patientscannotaccepttheanimalorgansintheirbodies.33．AccordingtoParagraph4,whatmaythemainproblemofxenotransplantationbe?________A．Patients’ideas.B．Bodies’rejection.C．Thehighprice.D．Thenumberoforgans.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“benefit”meaninChineseinthelastparagraph?________A．得益B．贊揚(yáng)C．傳播D．涉及35．Whatdoesthewriterthinkofxenotransplantation?________A．Itshouldbestoppedbecauseofthedeathcases.B．Ithasbecomemoreandmorepopular.C．Itistoodifficulttocarryon.D．Itisvaluableandworthresearching.5、Doyouthinkonlyhumansarecrazyaboutelectronicproducts?Youarewrong.12zoosintheUnitedStatesandCanadahavecarriedout(實(shí)施)aprogrammecalledAppsforApes(大猩猩).IthasfoundthattheapesarealsointerestedinplayingiPads.“Wefindthat,similartopeople,theapesliketouchingthescreenandwatchingshortvideos,”saidRichardZimmerman,amanageroftheprogramme.TheapesinthesezooscanplayiPadstwiceaweek.Everytime,theyspendfrom15minutestohalfanhourusingdifferentappsiniPads.Theyaremostinterestedinappsforchildren,suchasdrawing,musicandmemorygames.Zimmermansaid,“It’slikewhenwe’reshowingpop-upbooks(立體書(shū))tochildren.Theapesareamongthemostintelligent(智能的)animals,theyareascleverasyoungchildren.”Theworkersinthezooarealsostudyinghowcommunicationappscanhelptheapesbetter.“Wefindthatanapehasatoothache.HewouldbeabletotouchapictureofatoothontheiPadandcommunicateinthatway,”saidZimmerman.Theprogrammewantstomakepeoplepayattentiontothelivingproblemsofapesinthewild.Theapesareindangerbecausepeoplecutdowntoomanyforests.36．HowmanytimescantheapesplayiPadsinaweek?A．Twotimes.B．Threetimes.C．Fourtimes.37．Whichofthefollowingappscanmakeapesmostinterestedin?A．Working.B．Shopping.C．Painting.38．Whatcanwelearnaboutapesfromthearticle?A．Apescanmakepop-upbooks.B．Apesareassmartasyoungchildren.C．Apesuseappstoprotectthemselves.39．Howdoestheapecommunicatewhenithasatoothache?A．Bytouchingthepicture.B．Bytellingthedoctor.C．Byshowingitsnose.40．Whereisthisarticlemostprobablyfrom?A．Amagazineaboutchildren.B．Amagazineaboutanimals.C．Amagazineabouthobbies.============參考答案============一、閱讀理解1、A

37．C

38．C

39．B

40．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了把二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為淀粉的新技術(shù)及該技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheyturnedCO2intostarch(淀粉).”可知，他們用二氧化碳制造淀粉。故選A。37．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butnow,theteam,aftersixyearsofhardwork,hasfoundasimplerwaytodothis,withonlyelevensteps.”可知，現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)淀粉需要11步。故選C。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThescientistsfirstturnedCO2andhydrogen(氫氣)intomethanol(甲醇).”可知，首先他們要將二氧化碳和氫氣轉(zhuǎn)化為甲醇。故選C。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thismethodmakesitpossibletoproducefood”，“butalsosavewaterandland”和“dealwithclimate(氣候)change”可知，B選項(xiàng)“puttingsunlighttogooduse”未提及，故選B。40．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹了把二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為淀粉的新技術(shù)及該技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)在人造食品領(lǐng)域邁出的第一步”符合題意，故選D。2、C

32．B

33．A

34．D

35．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文就如何訓(xùn)練大腦很好地入睡提出了三點(diǎn)建議。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Makeaplanandsticktoit”“Don’tlieinbedawake”“Changeyourattitude(態(tài)度)aboutsleep”可知，給出了三條建議，故選C。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Asnightfalls,thelevelsofmelatoninrise,tellingthebodythatit’stimeforbed”可知，隨著夜幕降臨，褪黑激素水平上升，故選B。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Asnightfalls,thelevelsofmelatoninrise,tellingthebodythatit’stimeforbed”可知，褪黑激素水平的上升會(huì)告訴身體該睡覺(jué)了，故選A。34．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Manypeopleregardsleepingasthefinalthinginabusyday,sotheywouldratherdelaysleepingtodohousework,schoolworkorothers”可知，認(rèn)為睡覺(jué)是一天中的最后一件事，所以推遲睡覺(jué)這件事，先把家務(wù)等事情做完，所以delay表示“推遲”，故選D。35．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“‘Infact,wecantrainourbraintofallasleep,’sayssleepexpertMichaelGrandner.Herearehistopways”可知，本文就如何訓(xùn)練大腦很好地入睡提出了三點(diǎn)建議，故選D。3、D

27．B

28．D

29．C

30．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了中國(guó)結(jié)的發(fā)展歷史以及它的寓意。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ithasdifferentshapes.Eachshapehasitsownmeaning.”可知，中國(guó)結(jié)的形狀可以顯示它自身的意義。故選D。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“theyusuallyuseredbecauseitmeansgoodluck.”可知，因?yàn)樗鼈円馕吨眠\(yùn)。故選B。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butthisartwasn’treallyacceptedbythecommonpeopleuntiltheQingDynasty.”可知，直到清代，這種藝術(shù)才真正被人們所接受。故選D。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“nowsilkiswidelyusedtomaketheseclothingknots”可知，現(xiàn)在絲綢被廣泛用于制作這些衣服紐扣。故選C。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ManytouristsincludingforeignersliketobuyChineseknotsasgiftsduringtheirtrips.”可知，A選項(xiàng)“只有中國(guó)人喜歡買(mǎi)中國(guó)結(jié)”表述錯(cuò)誤，故選A。4、31．C

32．C

33．B

34．A

35．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)閱讀，主要介紹的是異種器官移植技術(shù)。由于人類(lèi)捐贈(zèng)的器官短缺，科學(xué)家們一直在研究異種器官移植，并且已經(jīng)有了成功的案例，雖然異種器官移植出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題，但前景還是樂(lè)觀的。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“David