高中英語(yǔ)人教版Unit3AHealthyLife unit3sectionⅲ

SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage根據(jù)提示寫出下列單詞1．pilln． 藥丸；藥片2．prejudicen. 偏見；成見3．a(chǎn)wkwardadj. 局促不安的；笨拙的4．illegaladj. 不合法的；違法的5．survivaln. 幸存6．judgementn. 看法；判決；判斷7．embarrassedadj. 尷尬的；陷入困境的8．a(chǎn)bortionn. 流產(chǎn)；中途失敗根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語(yǔ)1．inspiteof 不顧；不管2．takerisks/arisk 冒險(xiǎn)3．getinto 陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣)4．a(chǎn)trisk 處境危險(xiǎn)；遭受危險(xiǎn)5．outofbreath 上氣不接下氣6．makeupone'smind 下定決心根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列教材原句1．YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease.在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以長(zhǎng)期存在，但是它最終會(huì)使你的免疫系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)重受損，以至于使你的身體不再能抗衡疾病。2．ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick.只有當(dāng)這種病毒發(fā)展成艾滋病時(shí)，人才會(huì)顯出病態(tài)。3．Donotshareanythingelsethatapersonhasusedwhileinjectingdrugs.在注射藥物時(shí)，不得與患者共用其他東西。閱讀P22教材原文，選擇最佳答案。1.WillyoubeinfectedwithAIDSbyhuggingapersonwithAIDS?A．No,bytouching.B．No，byvisiting.C．No，bykissing.D．No,bysharingneedles.2．WhatistheadvicegiveninthepassageontheHIV/AIDSprotection?A．IfyouwanttoprotectyourselffrominfectingHIV/AIDS，don'tshareyourthingswithotherpeople.B．Ifyoudon'twanttobeinfectedwithHIV/AIDS，don'thugorkisssomeonewithHIV.C．Ifyouhavesexwithamaleorfemale,usingacondomcouldprotectyoufrombeinginfectedwithHIV.D．OnlywhenyoukeepawayfromthosewholooksickcanyouprotectyourselffromHIVinfection.3．ApersonmaybeinfectedwithHIVthrough．A．blood B．sexualfluidC．injection D．a(chǎn)lloftheabove4．Thepassagetellsusabout．A．somecommonunderstandingaboutHIV/AIDSB．whatHIV/AIDSisandthewayoftransmittingC．waystoprotectourselvesD．thedefinitionofHIV/AIDS5．Thepassageisa(n)．A．a(chǎn)dvertisement B．storyC．poster D．newsreport【答案】1－5DCDBCinspiteof不顧；不管；盡管(教材P20)Inspiteofallhiseffortshefailed.盡管他很努力還是失敗了。,eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(①inspiteof＋n.,despite＋n.,regardlessof＋n.))不管；不顧eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(②inspiteofthefactthat...,although/though＋從句))雖然；盡管,①Tobehonest，inspiteofmygoodpreparation.IfeltalittlenervouswhenIwasenteringtheexamroom.說(shuō)實(shí)話，盡管我準(zhǔn)備得很充分，但是當(dāng)我走進(jìn)考場(chǎng)的時(shí)候我還是有些緊張。②IstudiedveryhardatEnglishinspiteofthefactthatIdidn'tpasstheexamination.盡管那次考試我沒有及格，我依然努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。[明辨異同]inspiteof/despite，though/although，asinspiteof/despite都是介詞，所以后面不接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而是接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，though可用倒裝語(yǔ)序，although則不能as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但從句需要用倒裝語(yǔ)序inspiteof/despite，though/although，as③Inspiteof/Despitetheheavysnow，hemanagedtocome.④Though/Althoughheisveryold，heworkshard.⑤Prettyas/thoughsheis，sheisnotclever.takerisks/takearisk冒險(xiǎn)(教材P20)Hefelthehadtomakeuphismindoneverystepinsteadoftakingrisks.他覺得每一步他都不得不下定決心而不是冒險(xiǎn)。①atrisk(of...) 處于(……的)危險(xiǎn)之中；冒(……的)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)atallrisks＝atanyrisk 無(wú)論冒什么風(fēng)險(xiǎn)attheriskof... 冒……的危險(xiǎn)take/runtheriskofdoingsth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事；冒做某事的危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)②riskdoingsth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事riskone'slifetodosth. 冒著生命危險(xiǎn)做某事①Everyonewhowantstosucceedmusttakerisks.每一個(gè)想要成功的人都需要冒險(xiǎn)。②Hesaiditattheriskoflosinghisjob.他冒著失業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)說(shuō)了這件事。③Icouldn'ttaketheriskofleaving(leave)himaloneevenforashorttime.我不能冒險(xiǎn)把他自己留下，哪怕很短的時(shí)間。④Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'trisklosing(lose)thegoodjob.他工作努力，因?yàn)樗幌朊笆ミ@么好的工作的危險(xiǎn)。getinto染上(壞習(xí)慣)，陷入(教材P20)Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnottogetintothehabitinthefirstplace!當(dāng)然對(duì)付這些毒品最好的方法就是從一開始就不應(yīng)該染上這種習(xí)慣！getacross 通過(guò)；被傳達(dá)；被理解getdownto 著手處理；開始getover 克服，從……中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)getawaywith 干……而不受懲罰getthrough 接通；完成；通過(guò)getalong/onwith 進(jìn)展；相處①HowcanIgetitacrosstohimhowimportantthisis?我怎么做才能讓他理解這件事的重要性呢？②AsfarasIknow，heiseasytogetalongwith.據(jù)我所知，他很容易相處。③Icouldn'thavehimgettingawaywithtellinglies.我不能容忍他說(shuō)謊而免受懲罰。④Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.微笑可以幫助我們渡過(guò)難關(guān)，在陌生人中找到朋友。⑤Ifyoubreaklawagain，youwillgetintotrouble.你若再違反法律，你會(huì)陷入麻煩的。judgementn．看法；判決；判斷(教材P23)Beforeyoureadthistext，whatjudgementsdidyoumakeaboutpeoplewithHIV/AIDS?在你閱讀本篇文章之前，你對(duì)感染HIV/AIDS病毒的人有什么評(píng)價(jià)？①makeajudgementabout/at... 對(duì)……作出判斷/做評(píng)價(jià)insb.'sjudgement 在某人看來(lái)passjudgementon 作出評(píng)論，作出裁決②judgev. 判斷；判定；估計(jì)；評(píng)價(jià)judgesth. 憑……評(píng)判/斷定judgesb./sth.(tobe)sth. 認(rèn)為某人/物……judgingby/from 依據(jù)……來(lái)判斷①Hepassedjudgementontheguiltyman.他對(duì)那個(gè)罪犯作出了裁決。②Judging(judge)fromhisaccent，heisanAmerican.從口音判斷，他是位美國(guó)人。③Inmyjudgement(judge)，weshoulddoit.按我的看法，我們應(yīng)該做這件事。embarrassedadj.尷尬的；陷入困境的；窘迫的(教材P24)ThensheofferedmeacigaretteandIfeltsoembarrassedandawkward.然后，她遞給我一支煙，我感到如此難為情和尷尬。①be/feelembarrassedtodosth. 尷尬于干某事be/feelembarrassedabout/atsth. 因?yàn)椤鴮擂微趀mbarrassvt. 使難堪，使局促不安③embarrassingadj. 令人難堪的④embarrassmentn. 難堪，困窘①Ifeltsoembarrassedaboutmymistake.我為自己的錯(cuò)誤感到不好意思。②Hewasembarrassedtoadmit(admit)makingamistake.他很尷尬地承認(rèn)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。③Idon'tlikemakingspeechesinpublic；it'ssoembarrassing(embarrass)．我不喜歡在公開場(chǎng)合演說(shuō)，太難為情了。Ⅰ.選詞填空inspiteof;takerisks；getinto;atrisk;outofbreath；makeupone'smind1.thebadweather，wewentfishingyesterday.2.Iranallthewaytothetheaterandwas．3.IhavemanyfactstothinkaboutbeforeI．4．Thegirlhasthehabitofplayingwithherhairwhilereading.5．Theydon'twanttooflosingtheirbusiness.【答案】spiteofofbreathupmymindintorisksⅡ.一句多譯1．他不能冒險(xiǎn)失去這一次好機(jī)會(huì)?！緦?dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33100018】①Hecouldnotlosethegoodchance.(riskn．)②Hecouldnotlosingthegoodchance.(riskn．)③Hecouldnotthegoodchance.(riskv．)2．盡管有許多困難，我們還是成功了。①Wesucceeded．(介詞短語(yǔ))②Wesucceeded．(從句)【答案】1.①takearisk/risksto②take/runtheriskof③risklosing2．①inspiteofmanydifficulties②although/thoughthereweremanydifficulties(教材P22)YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease.在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以長(zhǎng)期存在，但是它最終將使你的免疫系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)重受損，以至于使你的身體不能再抗衡疾病?！疽c(diǎn)提煉】so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。(1)so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的常見句型如下：①so＋adj./adv.＋that...②so＋adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...③so＋many/much/few/little＋名詞＋that...(2)such...that...也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，句型如下：①such＋a/an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that...②such＋adj.＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞＋that...①Hewassoworriedthatsweatbegantopourdownhisface.他很著急，汗水沿著他的面頰直淌下來(lái)。②Hespokesoloudlythateveryoneintheroomheardhim.他說(shuō)話如此大聲以至于房間里的每個(gè)人都能聽到。③ItissuchfineweatherthatIhavedecidedtogooutingwithmyfriends.天氣真好，我決定和朋友們?nèi)ソ加巍名師點(diǎn)津]so...that...或such...that...句式中，有時(shí)候會(huì)把so...或such...部分提到句首，主句用倒裝語(yǔ)序。(教材P22)ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick.只有當(dāng)這種病毒發(fā)展成艾滋病時(shí)，人才會(huì)顯出病態(tài)。【要點(diǎn)提煉】本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：①基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It＋be＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that(指人時(shí)可以用who代替)從句②一般疑問(wèn)句：Is/Was＋it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who...從句③特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who...從句④not...until...的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It＋be＋notuntil...＋that...從句①Itisonlywhenwegetillthatwebegintorealizehowimportantitistokeephealthy.只有當(dāng)我們生病的時(shí)候，才開始意識(shí)到保持健康的重要性。②Wasitateighto'clockthatyoubegantowork?你是在八點(diǎn)鐘開始工作的嗎？③Howwasitthatyoumanagedtogetoutofthebusonfire?你究竟是怎么從著火的公交車?yán)锱莱鰜?lái)的？④Itwasnotuntilthefishdiedintheriverthatthefarmersknewtheriverhadbeenpolluted.直到河里的魚死了，農(nóng)民們才知道河水被污染了。句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)①Imetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.→②Ididnotgetyourletteruntilyesterday．→③Whendidyoumeether?→2．Itissuchaninterestingfilmthatwealllikeit.①Itisinterestingafilmwealllikeit.②filmisitwealllikeit.【答案】1.①ItwasanoldfriendthatImetintheparkyesterday.②ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIgotyourletter.③Whenwasitthatyoumeether?2．①so；that②Suchaninteresting/Sointerestinga；that學(xué)業(yè)分層測(cè)評(píng)（八）Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Frankshowedgood(judge)indecidingnottoinvestintheproject.2．Alfredfeltvery(embarrass)atbeingthecentreofattention.3．Hehasmadesuchgreatprogresstheteachersarepleasedwithhim.4．Don'tgetthehabitofdependingonothers.5．Herisked(catch)andkilledtostealsaltfortheRedArmy.6．ItwaslastnightAnnehadaheavycold.7．His(survive)isstilluncertain；hehasbeenverybadlyhurtandmaydie.8．spiteofillness，hemanagedtocome.9．Ifwegotowar，innocentliveswillbeputrisk.10．Hehasaprejudicecareerwomen.【答案】caughtⅡ.完成句子1．不能回答那個(gè)問(wèn)題他覺得很羞愧。Hehewasnotabletoanswerthequestion.2．他是一個(gè)如此懶惰的人以至于她父親不同意女兒嫁給他?！緦?dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33100038】washethatherfatherdisapprovedoftheirmarriage.3．直到他告訴我，我才明白這件事。Ihadanideaaboutit.4．從他說(shuō)的話來(lái)判斷，他一定是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。，hemustbeanhonestman.5．每天步行去上班不僅能增強(qiáng)你的體質(zhì)，而且還能幫你省錢。Goingtoworkonfootcan．【答案】embarrassedthatlazyamanwasnotuntilhetoldmethatfromwhathesaidonlybuildupyourbodybutalsohelpyousavemoney.Ⅲ.閱讀理解A(2023·湖北松滋高二模擬)Ifitreallyiswhat'sontheinsidethatcounts,thenalotofthinpeoplemightbeintrouble.Somedoctorsnowthinkthattheinternal(內(nèi)部的)fatsurroundingimportantorgansliketheheartorlivercouldbeasdangerousastheexternalfatwhichcanbenoticedmoreeasily.“Beingthindoesn'tsurelymeanyouarenotfat，”saidBellatImperialCollege.Since1994,Bellandhisteamhavescannednearly800peoplewithMRImachinestocreate“fatmaps”showingwherepeoplestorefat.Accordingtotheresult,peoplewhokeeptheirweightthroughdietratherthanexercisearelikelytohavemajordepositsofinternalfat,eveniftheyarepeoplewithnormalBodyMassIndexscorescanhavesurprisinglevelsoffatdepositsinside.Ofthewomen,asmanyas45percentofthosewithnormalBMIscores(20to25)actuallyhadtoohighlevelsofinternalfat.Amongmen,thepercentagewasnearly60percent.AccordingtoBell,peoplewhoarefatontheinsideareactuallyontheedgeofbeingfat.Theyeattoomanyfattyandsugaryfoods,buttheyarenoteatingenoughtobefat.Scientistsbelievewenaturallystorefataroundthebellyfirst,butatsomepoint,thebodymaystartstoringitelsewhere.Doctorsareunsureabouttheexactdangersofinternalfat,butsomethinkithassomethingtodowithheartdiseaseanddiabetes(糖尿病).Theywanttoprovethatinternalfatdamagesthebody'scommunicationsystems.Thegoodnewsisthatinternalfatcanbeeasilyburnedoffthroughexerciseorevenbyimprovingyourdiet.“Ifyouwanttobehealthy,thereisnoshortcut.Exercisehastobeanimportantpartofyourlifestyle.”Bellsaid.1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thinpeoplemaybefatinside.B．Internalfatisofnoimportance.C．Internalfatleadstomanydiseases.D．Thinpeopledon'thavediabetes.【解析】主旨大意題。文章開頭提出“Ifitreallyiswhat'sontheinsidethatcounts，thenalotofthinpeoplemightbeintrouble.”然后指出瘦人身體內(nèi)部不一定瘦，接著圍繞此話題展開行文，故A選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容即為文章表達(dá)的中心?！敬鸢浮緼2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisWRONG?A．Exercisecanhelptoreducetheinternalfat.B．Peoplecangetridofinternalfatbyimprovingdiet.C．Menaremorelikelytohavetoomuchinternalfat.D．Peoplewithheartdiseaseallhaveinternalfat.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“somethinkithassomethingtodowithheartdiseaseanddiabetes(糖尿病)”可知D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤，其余選項(xiàng)均正確?！敬鸢浮緿3.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanfindthat．A．internalfatleadingtodiseasehasbeenprovedB．exerciseplaysanimportantroleinpeople'slifeforkeepinghealthyC．thinpeopleusuallyhaveinternalfateveniftheyareslimD．itiseasiertoburnoffinternalfatthanexternalfat【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由本段中“internalfatcanbeeasilyburnedoffthroughexercise”和“Exercisehastobeanimportantpartofyourlifestyle.”可知鍛煉在人的健康方面起著重要作用，故選B。【答案】B4.Theunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmeans．A．a(chǎn)longroadB．a(chǎn)cleardifferenceC．a(chǎn)neasywayD．a(chǎn)shortdistance【解析】詞義理解題。由“thereisnohastobeanimportantpartofyourlifestyle.(鍛煉必須成為你生活方式的一部分)”，由此推斷劃線詞應(yīng)該是沒有別的方法，沒有捷徑的意思?！敬鸢浮緾BLosingweightcomeswithalotofhealthbenefits－includingmakingyourbrainsharper.Therehavebeenfewstudiesofoverweightandcognitivefunctioning,possiblybecauseitisgenerallybelievedthatitisnotaprimaryriskcauseforpoorcognitiveperformance.Yet,itturnsoutthatoverweightmaydamagecognitivefunctionssuchasmemoryandattention.Losingweight,therefore,mayhelpimprovethesementalfunctions,accordingtoanewresearchledbyJohnGunstad,assistantprofessorofpsychologyatKentGrowingevidencesuggeststhatbeingfatislinkedtocognitivedeficits(缺陷).SoGunstadandhisteamguessedthatlosingweightmightimprovementaltheirstudy,theymeasuredmemoryandattentioninagroupof150overweightparticipants,someofwhomhadsomekindofoperationforweightlossandsomedidnot.Allofthevolunteerscompletedmentalskillsteststoassesstheirabilitiesofmemoryandattentionatthebeginningofthestudy,andagain12weeksbeginwith,about24%ofthepatientsshoweddamagedlearningand23%showedsignsofpoormemorywhentested.Attheendofthestudy,thosewhohadlostweightafteroperationimprovedtheirscoresintotheaverageoraboveaveragerangeforcognitivefunctions.Scoresforthevolunteerswhodidn'tloseweightdroppedevenfurther.ThestudyhelpedGunstadtofindoutwhetherlosingweighthadanyeffectonmentalfunction.Nowthathe'sseenthepositiveeffectthatweightlosscanhaveonmemoryandattention,hesayshewillnextstudythosewhochoosetoloseweightbythetraditionalway－eatinghealthierandgettingmoreactive.Heexpectsthatlosingweightinthiswaywillhaveasimilarlypositiveeffectonthebrain.“Ifwecanimprovetheconditionwithoperations,thenwecanprobablyproducethesamechangewithbehavioralweightlossaswell，”hesays.5．Thereislessresearchonoverweightandcognitivefunctionsbecauseresearchers．A．believeoverweightonlyaffectsourbodyB．havefocusedonwaystosharpenpeople'smindC．donotconsideroverweightisamaincauseforlowcognitiveabilityD．a(chǎn)reclearabouttherelationbetweenweightandmentalfunctions【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Therehavebeenfewstudiesofoverweightandcognitivefunctioning，possiblybecauseitisgenerallybelievedthatitisnotaprimaryriskcauseforpoorcognitiveperformance.”可知人們?cè)诖酥昂苌傺芯糠逝趾驼J(rèn)知功能之間存在關(guān)系的原因是人們沒有認(rèn)為肥胖是導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知功能下降的基本原因，答案選C?！敬鸢浮緾6.TheresultofGunstad'sstudyshowsthat．A．losingweighthaslittleeffectonpeople'smemoryB．losingweightcanimprovepeople'smentalfunctionsC．overweightpeoplearelikelytohavepsychologyproblemsD．overweightpeople'sabilitiesofconcentrationdiffergreatly【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Losingweight，therefore，mayhelpimprovethesementalfunctions”可知減肥可以改善大腦功能，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽7.WhatisGunstadplanningtoprovenextinhisresearch?A．Slimpeoplearesmarterthanoverweightpeople.B．Healthydietisbetterthanexerciseinlosingweight.C．Traditionalwaysoflosingweightarebetterthanoperation.D．Overweightpeoplewillgetsmarterbytakingmoreexercise.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段“Nowthathe'sseenthepositiveeffectthatweightlosscanhaveonmemoryandattention，hesayshewillnextstudythosewhochoosetoloseweightbythetraditionalway－eatinghealthierandgettingmoreactive.”可以判斷他接下來(lái)要研究那些通過(guò)鍛煉和健康飲食減肥的人們，看看是否健康減肥也存在這種對(duì)大腦的積極影響?！敬鸢浮緿8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BodyWeightandHealthB．LosingWeightbyOperationC．WaystoImproveMentalFunctionsD．LosingWeighttoSharpenYourMind【解析】主旨大意題。文章首段提出中心“Losingweightcomeswithalotofhealthbenefits－includingmakingyourbrainsharper.”然后在下文中對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹，故D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可以概括文章中心?！敬鸢浮緿Ⅳ.閱讀填句(2023·湖北黃岡高二模擬)HowtoGetHappy1Figureouthowtochangethewayyouviewyourlifeandyoucanachievehappiness.GretchenRubin,thecreatoroftheHappinessProjectwebsitespentayeartesting“everyprinciple,tip,andtheory”shecouldfindtohelppeoplecheerup，especiallygiventhetryingtimes.“Whenpeoplefeellikethey'reworseoffthantheywerelastyear,it'sahappinesschallenge，”Rubinnote.Heradvice：2Hereshehappilysharedotherpointers.Whatarethethingsthatgiveahappinessboost?boring,buta2023studyshowedtirednessisoneofthetoptworeasonspeopleareinabadmoodatwork.Anotherwaytoboosthappinessistojoinorstartagroup.Philosophersagreethatsocialbondsarethekeytoit'shardtoconnectdeeplywithpeopleataparty;apurposeandanagendareallyhelp.3Oneprincipleofhappinessisthatyoushoul