Translation英語專業(yè)翻譯課程練習

E-CTranslationLecturer:GuTao

Chapter1Introduction

1.Self-introductiongutao32@2.Abriefintroductiontotranslation1.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttranslation?Canyoulistyourfavoritetranslationworksortranslator?2.whatisthefunctionoftranslation?3.GeneralTeachingPlan

1.

Purposes:tohelpstudentshaveanbasicunderstandingsontranslation;becapableofusingthebasictranslatingskillstodoE-CandC-Etranslationofaveragedifficulty;andimprovetheirappreciationonEnglishaswellasdeepentheircomprehensiononbothChineseandEnglish.2.

Methods:thecombinationofappropriatetheoriesandlotsofpractices3.workinglanguage:EnglishmixedwithChinese4.Myrequirementforstudents1.workhard2.finishmyhomework3.attendtheclassandanswerquestionsactively.5.Examandfinalscores:A.overallattendanceoftheclass5%B.answeringquestions10%C.homework15%D.examination70%6.yourrequirementandsuggestionforme

4.examples1.

Theynoticedabeautiful,slim,talkativeoldman.2.

threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andtheunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.3.

Zhang,surely,isguiltyofonecrime:shestealsthefilm.“Sheallowstheaudiencetopourthemselvesintoherimagination,”Leesays,“itisnotreallyherinthemovie,it’syou.That’sbeyondacting.It’scinematiccharisma.”4.Indeed,hewasoneinwhomtheancientRomanhonormoreappearedthaninanythatdrewbreathinItaly.5.Willyoutakeadvantageofaman’snaturetodohimoutofthepriceofhisowndaughterwhathasbroughtupandfedandclothedbythesweatofhisbrowuntilshe’sgrowedbigenoughtobeinterestingtoyoutwogentlemen?您兩位不致因為我這人脾氣好就想騙我，乘機貶低我女兒的身價吧?她現(xiàn)在倒是長大成人了，您兩位也對她感興趣了，可是，我當初為了把她拉扯大，給她吃,給她穿,不曉得流了多少血汗啊!ReferenceBooks馬祖毅：1998，《中國翻譯簡史》，北京：中國對外翻譯出版公司潭栽喜，2000，《西方翻譯簡史》，北京：商務印書館Nida.E.A.1997.Language,CultureandTranslating.Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress劉宓慶，1998，《文體與翻譯》，北京：中國對外翻譯出版公司梅德明，2001，《高級口譯教程》，上海：上海外語教育出版社杜承南，文軍，1994，《中國當代翻譯百論》，重慶：重慶大學出版社馮慶華，1997，《實用翻譯教程》，上海：上海外語教育出版鐘述孔，1996，《英漢翻譯手冊》，北京：世界知識出版社范仲英，1994，《實用翻譯教程》，北京：外語教學與研究出版社陳定安，1998，《英漢比較與翻譯》，北京：中國對外翻譯出版公司錢歌川，《翻譯的技巧》梅德明，2001，《高級口譯教程》，上海：上海外語教育出版社Chapter2TheHistoryofTranslationPartone.ThehistoryofChinesetranslation

(reference:《中國翻譯簡史》)

1.PeriodOne(fromZhouDynastytoEasternHanDynasty)

Zhou:象胥，舌人越人歌：山有枝兮，枝有木，心悅君兮，君不知．

Qin:典客

WesternHan:典客

EasternHan:TranslationofBuddhistscripts

佛經(jīng)翻譯2.PeriodTwo(HanDynastySongDynasty)2.1TranslationofBuddhistscript

theintroductionofitintoChina

2.1.1periodone(148AD316AD)安世高，西域安息人，＜義理明晰，文字允正，辯而不華，質而不野＞支婁迦慊，西域月支人，支謙2.1.2PeriodTwo(317AD617AD)Thechaos

situationofChinathattime釋道安(314-385AD)“五失本，三不易”鳩摩羅什(350-409AD)翻譯經(jīng)文４００多卷

2.1.3PeriodThree(618-917AD)TheclimaxofBuddhistscripttranslationThecharacteristicsofthisperiodSomefamousfigures:玄奘（600-664AD）2.1.4PeriodFour(954—1111AD)2.1.5Theinfluenceofit2.2Translationonotherfields2.2.1translationofforeignaffairs2.2.2translationoffolksongs2.2.3translationofscienceandtechnology2.2.4translationofotherreligions3.PeriodThree(YuanDynasty)4.PeriodFour(MingOpiumWar)4.1earlyMing:四夷館4.2lateMingtoearlyQingsomefamousfigures:

利馬竇，湯若望，李之藻，徐光啟《幾何原本》5.PeriodFive(Opiumwar—MayfourthMovement)5.1林則徐

5.2總理衙門

5.3同文館

5.4維新派：嚴復，梁啟超

5.5林紓嚴復一個人所譯的<天演論>,<原富>,<法意>,<名學>幾部書,實在要比一大批帝國主義與洋務官僚們?nèi)觊g所出的全部作品和書籍,更能響應著時代的要求,更能滿足這個時代的熱望.6.Periodsix(afterMayFourthMovement)someimportantfigures:周氏兄弟.林語堂,梁實秋,朱生豪,傅雷,楊憲益等

Chapter3BasicTheoriesonTranslation

1.

Thenatureandscopeoftranslation1.1Whatistranslation?1.

DefinitionsTranslationmaybedefinedas“thereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(SL)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(TL)”SL—SourceLanguageTLTargetLanguage2.Nidasays,“Translationconsistsinthereproductioninthereceptorlanguageofthemessageofthesourcelanguageinsuchawaythatthereceptorsinreceptorlanguagemaybeabletounderstandadequatelyhowtheoriginalreceptorsofthesourcelanguageunderstoodtheoriginalmessage”3.翻譯是按社會認知需要、在具有不同規(guī)則的符號系統(tǒng)之間所作的信息傳遞過程。”(方夢之,1999)4.“翻譯是語言活動的一個重要組成部分，是指把一種語言或語言變體的內(nèi)容變?yōu)榱硪环N語言或語言變體的過程或結果，或者說把用一種語言材料構成的文體用準確而完整地再現(xiàn)出來?！保吕?，方夢之,1997）5.“翻譯是譯者將這一種語言文字所蘊含的意思用另一種語言文字表達出來的文化活動?！保ㄍ蹩朔?997）2.

Thenatureoftranslation:ascienceoranart;across-linguistic,cross-culturalandcross-socialactivity.3..Translatingtechniques:freetranslation/literaltranslation;4.Theprocedureoftranslation

thecomprehensionoftheST,thetransferofmeaningandtheexpressionSOURCELANGUAGERECEPTORLANGUAGETextText

AnalysisRestructuringTransfer5.Thestandardorcriteriaoftranslation

1.

嚴復：“信，達，雅”faithfulness,expressiveness,elegance2.

魯迅：“易解，保存原作的風姿”，3.錢鍾書：“化境”4.劉重德：“信，達，切”

5.

Tytler:1.

Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.2.

Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.3.Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.6.

忠實，通順6．Therequirementforagoodtranslator.1.2.Thepossibilityandlimitoftranslationpossibility—thecommonnessofcultureslimit—theindividualityofculturesCulture:itisthetotalityofthespiritual,intellectual,andartisticattitudessharedbyagroup,includingitstradition,habits,socialcustoms,morals,lawsandsocialrelations,sociologically,everysociety,oneverylevel,hasitsculture,thetermhasnoimplicationofhighdevelopments.Materialculture—systemculture—psychologicalcultureExamples:a.陰陽:

thedoctrineofYinandYangb.他只會馬走日，象走田。HeonlyknowsthebasicmovesoftheChinesechess.c.我姓張，弓長張。

MyfamilynameisZhang.1.3Thecreativenessandhypotaxisoftranslation.Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.譯文1.讀書能給人樂趣，文雅和能力。譯文2.讀書可以怡情養(yǎng)性，可以樜拾文采，可以增長才干。譯文3.讀書足以怡情，足以博采，足以長才。

--OfStudies1.4Therelationshipbetweentranslationandotherdisciplines.

2.Therelationshipsamongculture,languageandtranslation3.

ContrastivestudiesbetweenChineseandwesternculturesandlanguages3.1Contrastivestudiesofcultures3.1.1.thenatureoftwoculturesChineseculture:（humanculture）Origin:thoughtsofConfucius,Menciusandothers,Foundation:moralityandarts中國哲學主張“天人合一”，“物我交融”，所以中國文化求全，求圓滿，求和諧，重個人感受和心領神會，重心理時空和時間順序。Westernculture:(scienceculture)Origin:ancientHellenism,BibleandShakespeare’sworksFoundation:science,lawandreligion西方哲學主張“人物分立”，重形式論證，崇尚個體思維，并認為整體只有在個體對立中才能存在。3.1.2.

Thepresentationofculturesonthoughtsa.

Chinesepeoplefocusonartsandintuitionwhilewesternonesonscienceandlogicb.Chinesepeopleemphasizeonthewholewhereaswesternontheindividualc.Chineseusesidiomsoffourcharactersfrequentlyd.Chineseattachesimportancetoparataxis;Englishhypotaxis.3.2ContrastivestudiesofEnglishandChinese

(fordetails,referto《漢英翻譯教程》，《英漢比較與翻譯》)1.Family:Chinese:Sino-TibetanoneEnglish:Indo-Europeanone2.Type:Chinese:analytic—noinflection,notense,wordorderEnglish:synthetic—analytic,withinflection3.

Writingsystem:Chinese:ideographicEnglish:alphabetic4.

Phonetics:Chinese:toneoneVC,V,CV,VC,CVCEnglish:Intonationone,stressedsyllables.5.Words:

a.thecontrastivestudiesofpartsofspeech.b.wordordersc.wordmeanings.6.

Sentence:

Chineseone:likeabamboowithlotsuseofverbsandnounsEnglishone:likegrapeswithlotsuseofpronounsandprepositions.Chapter4TranslatingSkills-DictionTermtranslationAA制安居工程按揭貸款按勞分配暗戀白馬王子白手起家白條拜年傍大款Dutchtreatment,goDutchHousingProjectforlow-incomefamiliesMortgageloandistributionaccordingtoone’sperformanceunrequitedlove,fallinlovewithsomeonesecretlyprincecharmingstartingfromscratchIOUnotepaynewyear’scallfindasugardaddy,beamistressofarichman,leanonamoneybag.Chapter4TranslatingSkills—Diction1.

Anintroductiontotranslatingskillsonhowtotranslatewords,sentencesanddiscourses.2.

Diction2.1Stepsofdiction:fromunderstandingtoexpressionEachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword.By“Diction”wemeanproper“Choiceofwords”intranslationonthebasesofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.編戲有如縫衣，其初則以完全者剪碎，其后又以剪碎者湊成。剪碎易，湊成難，湊成之功，全在針線緊密；一節(jié)偶疏，全篇之破綻出矣。--李漁《閑情偶寄》Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmostrightwordisthedifferencebetweenlightningandthelightningbug.2.2Howtounderstandaccuratelyandfindtheproperwordtotranslate.(goodknowledgeonbothlanguage,carefulattitude).2.3Translatingexercisesondiction.2.3.1Dictionofphrases1.Tooclearly,itisatopicweshalldonojusticetointhisplace2.

Manyvolumes,ratherthanpages,wouldberequiredtodojusticetothestatesmen,soldiers,philosophers,poets,historians,andotherfamousmenoftheSungDynasty.3.HeralternationsofmoodwerethedespairandjoyofEthanFrome.4.Theyrepresentedaworthyperformance.2.3.2Dictioninsentences1.Scientificexploration,thesearchforknowledgehasgivenmanthepracticalresultsofbeingabletoshieldhimselffromthecalamitiesofnatureandthecalamitiesimposedbyotherman.2.Wheretheysawwithsurpriseanddelightoneofthethreeferryboatsmadefastonthesouthbankoftheriver!3.Yet,asitsometimeshappensthatpersondepartshislife,whoisreallydeservingofallthepraisesthestone-cuttercarvedovertheirbones.4.

ThereverberationsoffightingbetweentheforcesofIndiaandPakistanarereachingusinincreasingvolume5.Hehadleftanoteofwelcomeforme,assunnyashisface2.3.3Dictioninfixedusages.1.

Theschoolofair2.

Moodmusic3.

LasteveningIwenttoadoheldbyourChinastudygroup4.

TheseeofSydney5.Theywantedustohavetea,butwesaidwe’djusthadit.ThenMissFordwantedustohaveteaandcake.6.Sevenmothstheyspenduptherekillingthemselvesinthecaneseason,‘ndthentheycomedownheretolivealittle.7.

He’sunhappynow,becausehehadabluewithhisfriendjustnow.8.

That’satallstoryaboutthetown’shighstreet.9.Shetoldmethather18-year-oldsonwasthebaby.10.Hermotherisasisterinahospital.2.3.4Dictioninproperphrases.1.

Times/Time2.

AdmittanceFree3.

NoAdmittanceExceptonBusiness4.

VisitorsDeclined5.

OutofBounds6.

Roadup,Detour7.

Blocks8.

SeetotheFire9.

HandlewithCare10.

Round-the–clockBusiness11.WorkmenAhead.2.4Dictionindifferenttypesofwritingandstyles.

1.burnthehouseandburnadisk2.delicateskin3.delicateporcelain4.delicateupbringing5.delicateliving6.delicatehealth7.delicatestomach8.delicatevase9.delicatediplomaticproblem10.delicatesurgicaloperation11.delicateearformusic12.delicatesenseofsmell13.delicatetouch14.delicatefoodChapter4Conversion北京奧申委笨鳥先飛蹦迪閉關政策閉卷考試畢業(yè)生分配制度邊際效益邊緣科學邊遠地區(qū)不打不成交Beijing2008OlympicGamesBiddingCommittee(BOBICO)Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystartdiscodancingclosed-doorpolicyclosed-bookexamassignmentsystemforgraduatesmarginalbenefitborderline(boundary)science;fringe(border)disciplineremoteandborderareas"Nodiscord,noconcordChapter4Conversion

1.

Theoreticalbaseofconversion

1.1.

GooverthefeaturesofEnglishandChinese1.2.

Reasonsforconversion:NounsandverbsaremorefrequentlyusedinChinesewhereaspronounsandprepositionsaremoreoftenusedinEnglish.2Translatingpractice.

2.1Conversionintoverbs1.

Familiesupstairshavetocarrypailstothehydrantdownstairsforwater.2.

Thegrowingawarenessbymillionsofpeopleoftheirintolerableconditionsoflifehadpromptedthemtorelinquishthepresentsocialsystem.3.TherearestoriestooofearlyAfricanvoyagestoAmerica.4.

Hisdrawingofchildrenisexceptionallygood.5.

O.Henryisthecreatorofanewshortstorygenreinliterature.6.Publicopinionwasagainsttheproposal.2.2.

Conversionintonouns1.Suchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.2.Wemustworkincooperationtonarrowthegapbetweentherichandthepoor,thedevelopedandthedeveloping.3.

Theresultofthisexperimentismuchbetterthanthoseofpreviousones.4.Awell-dressedman,wholookedandtalkedlikeanAmerican,gotintothecar.2.3

Others1.

Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.2.

Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.3.

Ihavethehonortoinformyouthatyourrequestisgranted.4.Ittookalongpresidentialdrivetogetthemtalkagain.3.

Exercise1.Whenhemightwellhaveactedwithboldness,hefoundhimselffilledwithdoubts,scruplesandequivocations,inadditiontotheordinaryfearsofalover.2.ManforthefieldandwomanforthehearthManfortheswordandfortheneedlesheManwiththeheadandwomanwiththeheart.Mantocommandandwomantoobey.Chapter6AmplificationTermTranslation計劃/商品/市場經(jīng)濟經(jīng)濟特區(qū)提高經(jīng)濟效益經(jīng)濟繁榮(起飛)經(jīng)濟蕭條/衰退/滑坡/危機經(jīng)濟制裁經(jīng)濟預算財政赤字扭虧為盈貿(mào)易順(逆)差Planned/commodity/marketeconomySpecialEconomicZoneImproveeconomicefficiency/resultEconomicboom/take-offEconomicdepression/recession/slide/crisisEconomicsanctionBudgetFinancialdeficitToturnformlosstobenefitFavorable/unfavorabletradebalanceActive/adverseoneChapter6

Translatingskill-Amplification1.Reasonsandpurposesfortheuseofamplification2.

Onwhichconditionsshoulditbeused:1.forgrammar2.formeaning3.forrhetoric3.

Translatingpractice3.1Forgrammarreasons:tense,plurality,omissionandsoon1.

Theyareleadingahappylife.2.

Insecretwemet;InsilenceIgrieve3.Thelionisthekingofanimals.4.Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.5.Wewon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.6.Historiesmakesmenwise;poetswitty;themathematicsubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave’logicandrhetoricabletocontent.7.Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.3.1Forgrammaticalreasons:toaddsomepartsofspeecha.Measureword1.

alimitedview;anoldpalace;agoodintention;abaddream2.OnceuponatimetherewasanoldkingwhosenamewasLear.3.

Aredsunroseslowlyfromthecalmsea.4.Acrescentmoonemergedfromtheclouds.apieceofwood;apieceofcoal;apieceofclothing;apieceoffurniture;apieceofnews;apieceofadvice;apieceofinformation;apieceofpoetry;apieceofmusic;apieceofprose;apieceofgoodluck;apieceofkindness;apieceoffolly;apieceofchalk.b.others:verbs,adverbs,adjectivesandsoon1.Rostowwasabouttobecome,forlackofanyoneoranythingbetter,averyinfluentialintellectual-thewrongmanatthewrongplacewiththewrongidea.2.Inthefilmsofthosedays,alltoooftenitwasthesameone:boytractordrivermeetsgirltractor;theyfallinloveanddrivetractorstogether.3.ThenLieutenantBrublaunchedintotheoldrecruitingroutine,“see,saveandserve!Freetourtoalltheportsintheworld.Afineshipforahome.Threemealsadaywithoutcharge…youmustn’tletsuchagoldenopportunityslipby.”4.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhisownsonguilty.3.3Formeaningsa.expressions1.idioms:tocarrycoalstoNewcastleNoah’sArkTrojanhorseTowerofivoryThetowerofBabel2.FromabstractnounstoconcreteonesPreparation,backwardness,tension,madnessb.sentences1.Sciencedemandsofmengreateffortandcompletedevotion.2.wehavealsoadmiredyourexceptionalintellectualqualities,yourexperienceandyourkindness.3.Andneitherworldthoughttheotherworld’sthought,savewithvagueunrest.4.shewasmoreroyalthantheroyal.5.

InplaceslikeMadumbi,timeseemsmoreofathiefandenemythanincrowdedcitiesorevenincircleswherethemonthsarefritteredawayinuselessleisure.三、為了修辭上的需要1.Poorlittletenderheart!Andsoitgoesonhopingandbeating,andlongingandtrusting可憐這溫柔的小姑娘，一顆心抖簌簌的跳個不停，她左盼右盼，一直想念情人，對他深信不疑.2.Asia’sstrengthofeconomicmanagement,however,hasnotbeenitsperfection,butitspragmatismandflexibility.亞洲經(jīng)濟管理向來不以完美見長,而是以務實和彈性取勝.3.Theirhostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealths.他們的主人,（又是）割啊，（又是）倒啊，（又是）上菜啊，（又是）切面包啊，（又是）說啊，（又是）笑啊，（又是）敬酒啊，忙個不停。（增加語氣助詞和概括詞語）4.Anepisodeofhumororkindnesstouchesandamuseshimhereandthere.他不時會碰到一兩件事,或是幽默得逗人發(fā)笑,或是顯得人心忠厚的一面,使人感動。

5.Andherthoughtfulness!Ifthenightwasanywaycoldorwetorwindytherewassuretobealittletumblerofpunchreadyforhim.她多體貼?。∫悄奶煲估镙^陰冷、潮濕、或是刮風，她必定要斟好一杯混合甜飲料，等著他來暢飲。6.George,I'mashamedofyou!George,Icouldn’thavebelievedyouwouldhavedoneit!Ialwaysnewyoutobearollingstonethatgatherednomoss;butIneverthoughtyouwouldhavetakenawaywhatlittlemosstherewasforBagnetandthechildrentolieupon.”saidMrs.Bagnet.喬治,我真替你害臊.想不到你會干出這種事來.俗話說的好:滾著的咕嚕不長苔,流浪的漢子不攢財.我早就曉得你是這么一個流浪漢,可真沒想到你連貝格太太和孩子們靠它養(yǎng)活的的那一點錢也騙了.Chapter6RepetitionPhrases搬遷戶:半拉子工程包干到戶包工包料:保持國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的良好勢頭:保健食品保值儲蓄:本本主義:本命年:本小康:relocatedfamily

uncompletedprojectworkcontracttohouseholdscontractforlaborandmaterials

maintainagoodmomentumofgrowthinthenationaleconomyhealth-carefoodinflation-proofbanksavings

bookishness

one’syearofbirthconsideredinrelationtothe12TerrestrialBranchesstriveforarelativelycomfortablelife1.

Thepurposesofrepetition2.

Contrastivestudiesofitintwolanguages2.1

RepetitionisavoidedinalargedegreeinEnglishPronouns,synonyms,substitutionsandsomesentencepatternsareusedtoavoidrepetition.1.ImetJohnonthestreetyesterday.Hewaswalkingbesidehissister.Theyweregoingtoseeafilm2.wander,stroll,ramble,roam,meander,lounge,promenade3.

one,ones,that,those,it,such,likewise,thesame,so…4.DoyoulikeEnglish?Yes,Ido.2.2

RepetitionisanobviousfeatureinChinese.1.

phrases:郁郁蔥蔥，軟綿綿，輕飄飄，甜絲絲，馬馬乎乎，兢兢業(yè)業(yè)，2.

sentences:1.連鎖句：有什么吃什么，有米飯吃米飯，有饅頭吃饅頭2.疑問句：他去呢？還是我去呢？3.長句：他這樣教發(fā)音簡直是誤人子弟，誤人還誤得不淺。4.修辭：這種作風，拿了律己，則害了自己；拿了教人，則害了別人。3.

Thetranslationofrepetition3.1

keeptherepetitionintheST1.Whatwewant,firstandforemost,istolearn,tolearnandtolearn.2.Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding3.Firstcome,firstserved.4.outofsight,outofmind.3.2

use