大學(xué)四級英語完型填空PPT

四級完型填空題的解題

方法與技巧

全力以赴，以態(tài)度改變?nèi)松?；永不言敗，以?zhí)著成就未來。

新四級由四大部分構(gòu)成閱讀理解時(shí)間40分鐘，分為兩個(gè)部分：仔細(xì)閱讀理解時(shí)間25分鐘，占25%，含兩個(gè)小部分(篇章閱讀理解包括2篇文章10道多項(xiàng)選擇題；篇章詞匯理解或短句問答是一篇文章，考法是15選10的選詞填空或簡答)；快速閱讀理解時(shí)間15分鐘，占10%，包括是非判斷7題及句子填空或其它3題。閱讀理解占總分的35%，合計(jì)149分。完形填空或改錯(cuò)時(shí)間15分鐘，1篇文章，20道多項(xiàng)選擇題或改錯(cuò)，占總分的10%，合計(jì)70分。第二部分ClozeforCET-4

完形填空專項(xiàng)

——自信才能成功，而自信是建立在對事物深刻認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)之上的。一、完型填空題的設(shè)計(jì)填空(Cloze)又稱綜合填空，其命題原理是格式塔心理學(xué)。格式塔心理學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體感知，完形填空測試的就是考生結(jié)合上下文的語境(context)對英語的整體感知能力。一、完型填空題的設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)者遵循一定的要求和準(zhǔn)則，以保證測試的信度和效度。所給的空有規(guī)則的排列，大約在近250字的文章中每隔8－16字就有一個(gè)空格，而且是按照一定的間隔并根據(jù)語法或詞匯測試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)的。這些空格不僅測試應(yīng)試者在詞匯和句子水平上運(yùn)用語言的能力，還測試應(yīng)試者在語篇上綜合運(yùn)用語言結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。一、完型填空題的設(shè)計(jì)從內(nèi)容看，完型填空涉及說明文，議論文等眾多文體體裁，而題裁更涉及到社會領(lǐng)域的方方面面，政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育、醫(yī)學(xué)、天文、體育、科技等等。所以考生具備大量的背景知識也是格外重要的。二、完型填空題的做題步驟完形填空的測試點(diǎn)及解題方法從表面來看，就是要求考生把每個(gè)句子中刪掉的詞恢復(fù)出來。因此，要做好完形填空，必須要在通讀全文、把握結(jié)構(gòu)與大意的前提下，根據(jù)所提供的選項(xiàng)及句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語法、語篇等信息，通過邏輯推理、對比等手段最后確定答案。根據(jù)完形填空這一測試特點(diǎn)，一般采取以下五個(gè)步驟逐一進(jìn)行。步驟一，通讀全篇，把握總的思想，了解知識背景。步驟二，選擇答案。步驟三，為不確定答案尋找線索。步驟四，回頭補(bǔ)缺步驟五，核實(shí)答案。三、完型填空題的考察內(nèi)容詞匯第一、詞義辨析（詞）（單詞的掌握，基本義）

例1That“somethingspecial”wasmen–creativeindividualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew75ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.A)origins(由來,出身)B)sourcesC)bases D)discoveries第二、形近詞辨異例1Speakingquicklybutalmostinawhisper,she75everyonethatthepilothadfaintedandaskedifanyofthepassengersknewanythingaboutmachinesoratleasthowtodriveacar.A)inquiredB)insuredC)informedD)instructed例2Following88,themanguidedtheplanetowardtheairfield.A)impressionB)informationC)inspectionsD)instructions例3Neveraskachildwhetherhelikesordislikesafoodandneverdiscusslikesanddislikesinfrontofhimorallow66elsetodoso.

［A］everybody［B］anybody

［C］somebody［D］nobody例4A.encourages(鼓勵(lì))B.enables（使能夠）

C.enforces（強(qiáng)制）D.ensures（確保）例5A.attraction(吸引力)B.attention（注意力）

C.affection（愛情，親密）D.motion（動(dòng)作）例6(兼考搭配關(guān)系)A.interfered（in干涉）B.interrupted（打斷，中斷）

C.discouraged（from不鼓勵(lì)做）

D.disturbed（打擾，干擾）例7A.desired(渴望，想得到)B.revised（修訂，修正）

C.required（需要，要求）D.deserved（值得，應(yīng)得）第三、詞語搭配例1Themanhadtocircletheairportseveraltimesinordertobecome85withthecontrolsoftheplane.A)intimateB)familiarC)understoodD)close例2Didyoueverhavesomeone'snameonthetipofyourtongueandyetyouwereunabletorecallit?Whenthishappensagain,donottrytorecallit.Dosomething73foracoupleofminutesandthenamemaycomeintoyourhead.simpleB)apartC)elseD)similar例3Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply,allthesewereimportantfactorsinhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.Buttheywerenotenough.Something73wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.A)elseB)nearC)extra額外的，不包括其中的D)similar例4Takeit_69__grantedthathelikeseverythingandheprobablywill…A.withB.asC.overD.for例5Butthesevariousmeansofcommunicationdifferinimportantways__68__humanlanguage.A.aboutB.withC.fromD.in例6…thegreattit(山雀)isacase__77__point.

A.inB.atC.of

D.for語法：（句）第一、指代關(guān)系例1Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolates76inthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;However,whatheneedsistobefittedintoahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemquitedifferentfrom79athome.76.A)himselfB)oneselfC)himD)one79.A)thoseB)whichC)whatD)that例2Notwospeakersspeakinexactlythesameway.Wecanalwaysheardifferences74them,…74.A)betweenB)amongC)ofD)from例3Wecanchangeanutterancebyreplacingonewordinitwith__73__.A.oursB.theirsC.another

D.others例4Theyalsosuggestthatourreadersdonotcallforfriendsonlyamongthosewhoaremostlikethem,butfindmany__78__differinrace.78.A.peopleB.whoC.whatD.friends第二、虛擬語氣例1Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibraryworks;Theyexpectstudents,particularlygraduatestudents,tobeabletoexhaustthereferencesourcesinthelibrary.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,but84thattheirstudentsshouldnotbetoodependentonthem.84.A)hateB)dislikeC)likeD)prefer例2Ageographermightbedescribedasonewhoobserves,records,andexplainsthedifferencesbetweenplaces.Ifplaces87alike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.87.A)beingB)areC)beD)were例3…but_63_youweretomovetheskinyouwouldnottellanythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.A.sinceB.ifC.asD.while第三、倒裝

知識要點(diǎn):倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類型，重點(diǎn)是部分倒裝，即只有系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞參與的倒裝。常見的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為四大類：1、否定倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結(jié)構(gòu)（hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,little,nowhere,notonce，undernocircumstances,innoway，nosooner[…than]）用于句首時(shí)所導(dǎo)致的倒裝。如：Vitaminsdonotprovideenergy,__42__dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.A.eitherB.soC.norD.never

2、虛擬倒裝。指在IF引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，將IF省略，把should,had,were提至主語前，形成倒裝。

e.g.WereIyou,I’llneverpromisetodothat.3、強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝。為突出強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分而將它提至句首時(shí)，實(shí)行倒裝：句子結(jié)構(gòu)要求倒裝：如：

a.so倒裝句

b.以某些表示肯定的副詞開頭作狀語：only,often，

then,soc.以某些表示否定的副詞開頭作狀語；little,hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,nowhere,notonced.某些表示否定的副詞短語開頭作狀語:undernocircumstances,innoway,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely/barely…when/beforee.As作“雖然—但是”解時(shí)用半倒裝。4、省略倒裝。涉及詞語包括so,neither,nor例

__70__doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.A.OnlyB.OrC.NorD.So第四、從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型例1ThewordgeographycomesfromtwoGreekwords,ge,theGreekwordfor“earth”andgraphing,75means“towrite”.A)whatB)thatC)whichD)it例2…butabirdhasasinglealarmcry,_75_means“danger!”A.thisB.thatC.whichD.it例3Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghighcliffs,ordownfrighteninghillsidestotownslyingindeepvalleys.Throughtheselessdirectroutes,longerandslower,theygenerallygotoplaces88theairiscleanandthescenery(風(fēng)景)isbeautiful,…A)thereB)whenC)whichD)where

第三、語篇考查（篇）例1TheUnitedStatesiswell-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighwaysdesignedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortestpossibletime.Althoughthesewidemodernroadsaregenerallysmoothandwellmaintained,with73sharpcurvesandmanystraightsections,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost__75___one.Largehighwaysoftenpass76scenicareasandinterestingsmalltowns.73.A)littleB)fewC)muchD)many75.A)terribleB)possibleC)enjoyableD)profitable76.A)toB)intoC)overD)by例2Whenresearchisassigned,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith79guidance.Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibraryworks;79.A)maximumB)minimumC)possibleD)practical四、完型填空題的相應(yīng)對策針對出題者的考察內(nèi)容，我們有以下相應(yīng)的對策：第一種：詞義與詞形辨析四級完形考察詞匯不外乎同義詞、反義詞、形近詞，和詞的精確用法。我們應(yīng)該了解高頻詞的近義詞、反義詞，形近詞和詞匯的基本義。例如，

1)Geographerscompareandcontrast________placesintheworld.A.similarB.variousC.distantD.famous

2)Thefindings_______thatissuesoftrustandbetrayalarecentraltofriendship.A.secure(保護(hù))B.assure（保證）

C.confirm（證實(shí))D.resolve（決心，解決）3)Thebigshops,beautifullydecoratedandbrightlylit,stayopenlongafterdark.ShopownerslikeChristmasbecauseitisatimewhenpeople_______presents.A.changeB.exchange

C.transfer（轉(zhuǎn)移）D.transform（轉(zhuǎn)變）第二種：運(yùn)用上下文邏輯關(guān)系填詞。對上下文邏輯關(guān)系的考察是完形填空題區(qū)別于單純句子理解的要點(diǎn)之一，也是處理語篇的重要特點(diǎn)。這就牽扯到有關(guān)語篇知識，這也是四級考察學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言能力的題型之一。語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，顧名思義，是指在一定的情景下，作者的謀篇布局、銜接連貫、提供信息等等。為了把文章很好的組織起來，作者除了在句子內(nèi)部用指代（前指，后指）、省略、連接外，還會運(yùn)用到一些句與句之間的連詞來表達(dá)并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、對比、列舉、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、補(bǔ)充等關(guān)系。下面我們給大家一些?？嫉倪B接詞：

表示并列關(guān)系的：and,ontheonehand,ontheother,(也可表對比)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的：however,nevertheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,etc.表示對比關(guān)系的：onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,etc.表示補(bǔ)充關(guān)系的：also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,not…but…,notonly…butalso…,etc.表示讓步關(guān)系的：although,though,nomatter…,evenif,表示原因關(guān)系的：because,since,as,for,nowthat,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,inasmuchas,onaccountofthefactthat,forfearthat,onthegroundthat,etc.表示結(jié)果關(guān)系的：so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,etc.表示列舉關(guān)系的：first,second,third…,firstly,secondly…,next,inthefirstplace,foronething,tobeginwith,toconclude,etc.1)Therearefourtypesofblood.______typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypesisdistincttoanyrace.A.AllB.MostC.NoD.Some(上下文)2)Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolateshimselfinthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;_________whathereallyneedsistobefittedintoahighlyorganizeduniversitysystem.A.otherwiseB.moreover

C.howeverD.also（邏輯關(guān)系）3)Earth’sanimalsaredisappearingfasterthantheyreproduce.Becausethereistoolittleresearchandtoomuchignorance,_________isawareofhowmuchwearelosing.A.anyoneB.noone

C.someoneD.eitherone4)Thisact(法案)wasformedtoprotectendangeredspecies.__________,landdevelopersandfactoryownersdisagree.A.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.ThereforeD.Though第三種：固定搭配1)Wejudgeraceusually_____thecoloringoftherace:awhiterace,abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.A.inB.fromC.atD.on2)Unlikeothersocialrolesthatweareexpectedto___1____----ascitizens,employees,membersofprofessionalsocietiesand____2___organizations,ithasitsownprinciple.A.keepB.doC.showD.playA.allB.anyC.otherD.those第四種：結(jié)構(gòu)識別…but,notonly…butalso…,some…others…,等詞組結(jié)構(gòu)和一些重要的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。Thereisnodoubtthat…,so/such…that…,thesame…as…,itis…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)句型等等。Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.

1）Theyalsosuggestedthatourreadersdonotlookforfriendsonlyamongthosewhoaremostlikethem,______findmanywhodifferinrace.A.onlyB.andC.butD.then2）Let’slookatthisdefinitioninmoredetailbecauseitislanguage,morethananythingelse,__62__distinguishesmanfromtherestoftheanimalworld.A.thatB.itC.asD.what第五種：一些重點(diǎn)單詞的特殊用法Professorsshould________repeatinginlecturesmaterialthatisinthetextbook.A.refuseB.prohibitC.preventD.avoidDespitethegrowingrateofdivorce,butcouplesarenowtakingadifferentapproach_______thoseweddingvows(誓言).

A.makingB.makeC.tomakingD.tomake第六種：語法大項(xiàng)。對語法的考察主要集中在定語從句、狀語從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞、主謂一致、邏輯主語、賓語，句型句式等內(nèi)容上。學(xué)生應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對此類語法的復(fù)習(xí)。1）ThekingplacedwealthandpoweratWagner’sdisposalandmadepossiblethebuildingofaplace-----house,_______Wagner’sworkscouldbeperformed(表演).A.andB.becauseC.thereD.where2）Formallearningisde-contextualizedfromdailylifeandindeed,________ScibnerandColehaveobserved,mayactually“promotewaysoflearningandthinking”.A.likeB.asC.whatD.which五、完型填空的解題技巧技巧一：詞匯手段（利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)）1、原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例1：…butitisthesubconscious(下意識的)78thatgotoworktodigupadimmemory.…Meanwhile,deepermentalactivitiesinthesubconsciousmindaretakingplace.A)deedsB)activities

C)movementsD)procedures2、同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

例1：Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis77forlearningthematerialassigned.…Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.A)criticizedB)innocentC)responsibleD)dismissed例2：…IndiaorWestAfrica,wherethereisalong81ofspeakingEnglishforgeneralcommunicationpurposes,youshould…Ontheotherhand,ifyouliveinacountrywherethereisnotraditionaluseofEnglish，…A)customB)use

C)traditionD)habit例3：Thesefirmscompeteforsales.Theytrytolearnjustwhatthedemandwillbesothattheycansupplyexactlywhattheconsumerswant.______keepsthequalityofgoodsfromfallingverylow.A.NeedB.CompetitionC.DemandD.Consumer3、上下義或同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)例1：Boththevisitingprofessorandhisstudentslackbackgroundineachother’scultures.Some82ofwhatisalreadyinthemindsofAmericanstudentsisrequiredbytheforeignprofessor.A.conceptB.feelingC.planD.intelligence例2：Asaresult,thetriphadtobecanceled,andtheyreturnedhome______andunhappy.A.disappointedB.disappointedlyC.tiredD.tiredly4、解釋型復(fù)現(xiàn)例1：Ournewhouseisvery________formeasIcangettotheofficeinfiveminutes.[A]adaptable [B]comfortable[C]convenient [D]available技巧二：同現(xiàn)詞匯的同現(xiàn)關(guān)系指詞匯共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性。在語篇中，圍繞一定的話題，一定的詞往往會同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，這些詞語屬于同一個(gè)詞匯套，形成了詞匯鏈，因此，每當(dāng)我們遇到了其中的一個(gè)詞語時(shí)，根據(jù)情境便會聯(lián)想到詞匯套中的其他詞語。比如，提到教室一詞，下面出現(xiàn)的詞可能就是：blackboard,desk,students,chair,floor,lights,etc.例1：Mygrandmotherworkedhardallday,makingbutter,washingclothes,cleaningthehouse,andeven____inthefieldwhenhelpwasscarce.A.workedB.workingC.didD.doing例2：Forexample,therewasthetimeIcalledina_______tofixmyair-conditionerbeforeitwastoowarm.A.workerB.fixerC.repairmanD.painter例3：Iusuallyhavetheproblemofparentscominginandtellingmehowtheyreally_____theirkids.Theytellmetheystandoverthemwhentheydotheirhomework.Theychecktheirworkandmakeabigfussovertheirgrades.Theycriticizethekidsovereverythinghavingtodowithschool．

A.likeB.treatC.hateD.make技巧三：同性元素相斥

例:Itwasalightweight,18-poundcraft,carryingnotanimalsbutsensitiveinstrumentstostudytheintensebandsofenergyinspace____theVanAllenradiationbelts.A.calledasB.thatisC.namedasD.knownasWithinthenextfifteenyearsmanhadgonetothemoon,searchingbeneathits___anddustysoilforsignsoflife.A.wetB.dampC.moistD.dry

damp:指吸進(jìn)或覆蓋著一點(diǎn)水份，常表示潮濕得使人不舒服。moist:指微濕，側(cè)重不干，但并非濕得使人不快。wet:普通用詞，指各種潮濕的狀態(tài)。技巧四：巧用圖式

APelicanholdsmanyfishinits71.72maylasta73,buttheywon’tlastaweek.Apelicanisnearlyastallasyou,anditsbeakisaslongasyourarm.Alongskinsack,orpouch,handsdownfromitstremendousbeak,74itlookverydifferen