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專題14指、對、冪形數(shù)的大小比較問題【命題規(guī)律】指、對、冪形數(shù)的大小比較問題是高考重點(diǎn)考查的內(nèi)容之一,也是高考的熱點(diǎn)問題,命題形式主要以選擇題為主.每年高考題都會(huì)出現(xiàn),難度逐年上升.【核心考點(diǎn)目錄】核心考點(diǎn)一:直接利用單調(diào)性核心考點(diǎn)二:引入媒介值核心考點(diǎn)三:含變量問題核心考點(diǎn)四:構(gòu)造函數(shù)核心考點(diǎn)五:數(shù)形結(jié)合核心考點(diǎn)六:特殊值法、估算法核心考點(diǎn)七:放縮法核心考點(diǎn)八:不定方程【真題回歸】1.(2022·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:C.2.(2022·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】[方法一]:(指對數(shù)函數(shù)性質(zhì))由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.綜上,SKIPIF1<0.[方法二]:【最優(yōu)解】(構(gòu)造函數(shù))由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0.根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0的形式構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0知SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.【整體點(diǎn)評】法一:通過基本不等式和換底公式以及對數(shù)函數(shù)的單調(diào)性比較,方法直接常用,屬于通性通法;法二:利用SKIPIF1<0的形式構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)函數(shù)的單調(diào)性得出大小關(guān)系,簡單明了,是該題的最優(yōu)解.3.(2022·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】方法一:構(gòu)造法設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0故選:C.方法二:比較法SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,①SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0故SKIPIF1<04.(2021·天津·統(tǒng)考高考真題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.5.(2022·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】[方法一]:構(gòu)造函數(shù)因?yàn)楫?dāng)SKIPIF1<0故SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選A[方法二]:不等式放縮因?yàn)楫?dāng)SKIPIF1<0,取SKIPIF1<0得:SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,及SKIPIF1<0此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0故SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選A[方法三]:泰勒展開設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,計(jì)算得SKIPIF1<0,故選A.[方法四]:構(gòu)造函數(shù)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楫?dāng)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:A.[方法五]:【最優(yōu)解】不等式放縮因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楫?dāng)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;因?yàn)楫?dāng)SKIPIF1<0,取SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.【整體點(diǎn)評】方法4:利用函數(shù)的單調(diào)性比較大小,是常見思路,難點(diǎn)在于構(gòu)造合適的函數(shù),屬于通性通法;方法5:利用二倍角公式以及不等式SKIPIF1<0放縮,即可得出大小關(guān)系,屬于最優(yōu)解.【方法技巧與總結(jié)】(1)利用函數(shù)與方程的思想,構(gòu)造函數(shù),結(jié)合導(dǎo)數(shù)研究其單調(diào)性或極值,從而確定a,b,c的大?。?)指、對、冪大小比較的常用方法:①底數(shù)相同,指數(shù)不同時(shí),如SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,利用指數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性;②指數(shù)相同,底數(shù)不同,如SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0利用冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)性比較大小;③底數(shù)相同,真數(shù)不同,如SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0利用指數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)性比較大??;④底數(shù)、指數(shù)、真數(shù)都不同,尋找中間變量0,1或者其它能判斷大小關(guān)系的中間量,借助中間量進(jìn)行大小關(guān)系的判定.(3)轉(zhuǎn)化為兩函數(shù)圖象交點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)(4)特殊值法(5)估算法(6)放縮法、基本不等式法、作差法、作商法、平方法【核心考點(diǎn)】核心考點(diǎn)一:直接利用單調(diào)性【典型例題】例1.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知三個(gè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)依次為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】∵函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù),又SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.例2.(2022春·遼寧大連·高三校聯(lián)考期中)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系正確的為(
)A.c>a>b B.b>a>c C.b>c>a D.a(chǎn)>b>c【答案】B【解析】由題意SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,由指數(shù)函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,故SKIPIF1<0,由冪函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0,綜上:SKIPIF1<0.故選:B例3.(2022春·貴州黔東南·高二凱里一中階段練習(xí))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上均為增函數(shù),所以,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,由零點(diǎn)存在定理可知SKIPIF1<0;構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上均為增函數(shù),所以,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,由零點(diǎn)存在定理可知SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因此,SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.例4.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,因此,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,于是得SKIPIF1<0,所以正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為SKIPIF1<0.故選:A核心考點(diǎn)二:引入媒介值【典型例題】例5.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】由SKIPIF1<0可得,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.例6.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】依題意,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0故選:A例7.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.例8.(2022·云南昆明·昆明一中模擬預(yù)測)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0最大,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故選:B例9.(2023·廣西南寧·南寧二中??家荒#┮阎猄KIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:A.例10.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))三個(gè)數(shù)a=0.42,b=log20.3,c=20.6之間的大小關(guān)系是(
)A.a(chǎn)<c<b B.a(chǎn)<b<c C.b<a<c D.b<c<a【答案】C【解析】∵0<0.42<0.40=1,∴0<a<1,∵log20.3<log21=0,∴b<0,∵20.6>20=1,∴c>1,∴b<a<c,故選:C.核心考點(diǎn)三:含變量問題【典型例題】例11.(2022·廣西·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)已知正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0成等比數(shù)列,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)檎龜?shù)SKIPIF1<0成等比數(shù)列,所以SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0,故選:D例12.(2022春·湖南岳陽·高三統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí))已知正數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】SKIPIF1<0均為正數(shù),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,綜上,SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.例13.(2022春·湖北·高三校聯(lián)考開學(xué)考試)已知SKIPIF1<0均為不等于1的正實(shí)數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0均為不等于SKIPIF1<0的正實(shí)數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0同號,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0同號,從而SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0同號.①若SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0均為負(fù)數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0;②若SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0均為正數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.例14.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知實(shí)數(shù)a,b,c滿足SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】由題意知SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,因SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號,故SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即有SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.例15.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恒成立,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減.又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.例16.(2023·四川綿陽·四川省綿陽南山中學(xué)校考一模)已知SKIPIF1<0,記SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:A核心考點(diǎn)四:構(gòu)造函數(shù)【典型例題】例17.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】記SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)椋援?dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增函數(shù),所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.記SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)?,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減函數(shù),所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0.記SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)?,所以?dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增函數(shù),所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述:SKIPIF1<0.故選:B例18.(四川省眉山市2023屆高三第一次診斷性考試數(shù)學(xué)(文)試題)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;又設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0恒成立,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),有SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,綜上可得SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.例19.(2023春·廣東廣州·高三統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】令函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞減,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;令函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系正確的是SKIPIF1<0.故選:B例20.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0遞減,又SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0遞減,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故選:D例21.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系是___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由已知可得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.例22.(2023·四川南充·四川省南充高級中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以只要比較SKIPIF1<0的大小即可,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,要比較SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的大小,只要比較SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的大小,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在上遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:D例23.(2022春·湖南長沙·高三長沙一中??茧A段練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,對任意SKIPIF1<0恒成立SKIPIF1<0.因此SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.例24.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】①先比較SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增所以SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0;②再比較SKIPIF1<0:由①知SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:A核心考點(diǎn)五:數(shù)形結(jié)合【典型例題】例25.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn)分別為a,b,c則a,b,c的大小順序?yàn)椋?/p>
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0.在同一平面直角坐標(biāo)系中畫出SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的圖象,由圖象知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:D例26.(2023·江蘇·高三專題練習(xí))已知正實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則a,b,c的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】SKIPIF1<0,故令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.易知SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0均為SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù).∵SKIPIF1<0,故由題可知,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.易知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖所示,則兩圖象交點(diǎn)橫坐標(biāo)在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi),即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.例27.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,則這三個(gè)數(shù)的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0,在同一坐標(biāo)系中作出SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖象,如圖:由圖象可知在SKIPIF1<0中恒有SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;綜上可知:SKIPIF1<0,故選:A例28.(2022春·四川內(nèi)江·高三??茧A段練習(xí))最近公布的2021年網(wǎng)絡(luò)新詞,我們非常熟悉的有“SKIPIF1<0”、“內(nèi)卷”、“躺平”等.定義方程SKIPIF1<0的實(shí)數(shù)根SKIPIF1<0叫做函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的“躺平點(diǎn)”.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的“躺平點(diǎn)”分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由題意可得:SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn),可知SKIPIF1<0在定義域SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0;又∵SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由題意可得:SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的零點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)無零點(diǎn),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述:SKIPIF1<0;故SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.核心考點(diǎn)六:特殊值法、估算法【典型例題】例29.(2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】依題意,SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,而SKIPIF1<0,于是得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,并且有SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,于是得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,又函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C例30.(2022·全國·高三專題練習(xí))已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可知SKIPIF1<0,又由SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,由對數(shù)函數(shù)單調(diào)性可知,SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.例31.(2023·全國·高三專題練習(xí))若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0這三個(gè)數(shù)的大小關(guān)系為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以取SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.核心考點(diǎn)七:放縮法【典型例題】例32.(2022·全國·模擬預(yù)測)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPI
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