2021屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)介詞和介詞短語導(dǎo)學(xué)案20210507154

2021屆高英語二專題復(fù)介詞和詞短語學(xué)案20210507154【考解】介詞是英語中比較活躍的,它名詞詞和動詞等構(gòu)成搭配時(shí)用法靈活且意義豐富。介詞的考查形式多樣除了單純考查介詞,還常考查介詞與其他詞的搭配。此,在定語從句中,常考查“介+關(guān)系代詞”的用法。有些介詞的考查頻率較如with,等【習(xí)學(xué)一、介詞1．表示方位的at,in,on,to,beside/by和near介詞atinontobeside/by

用法一樣指在較小的地點(diǎn)一樣指在較大的地點(diǎn)，或在某一范疇內(nèi)一樣指在物體的表面，或相鄰并接壤的兩個(gè)地域表示某范疇外不接壤的兩位置“在……的旁邊”

示例Imethim______theshop.Theyarrived_____Beijingyesterday.Shandong_____theeastofChina.Thepictureishanging_____thewall.Vietnamis_____thesouthofChina.JiangsuProvinceis______thesoutheastofHebeiProvince.Shewasstanding_______hermother.Thereisasmallhouse_____theriver.near“近；靠近”2．表示方位的between和among

Thereisasupermarket______myhome.介詞between

用法在兩者或每兩者之間

示例Isatdown________SueandJane.1/19

among

在三者或三者以上之間

Theteacherstanding________thestudents.3．表示方位的across,through,和past介詞across

用法從……的表面穿過

示例Hewalked______squaretomeetus.從……的內(nèi)部throughTheguideledus________theforest.穿過overpast

從……的上面跨過從……的旁邊通過

Thethiefjumped______thefenceandfledaway.Shewalkedtheshop.4．表示時(shí)刻點(diǎn)的at,in和on介詞atinon

用法表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻刻重大節(jié)日表示在某個(gè)較長的時(shí)刻，世、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚表示在具體某一天或具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上

示例___：00;___noon;___daybreak;_____Christmas____the21stcentury;_____September;____themorning____2nd,September;____themorningof1st,May5．表示時(shí)刻段的和since介詞forsince

用法＋時(shí)刻段”意為“多長時(shí)刻表動作連續(xù)的時(shí)刻長一作完成時(shí)、過去時(shí)或今后時(shí)的時(shí)刻狀語“since＋時(shí)刻點(diǎn)”意為“自從過去某時(shí)以”，作完成時(shí)的時(shí)刻狀語

示例Hehaslivedthesmallvillage_____fiveyears.IstudiedinPekingUniversity___4years.Hehasworkedinthiscompany____graduation.Tomhasbeendoinghishomework_____7o’clock.6．表示交通方式的by,in和on介詞by

用法“by＋名詞”表示交通方式詞2/19

示例Mybrotherusuallygoestoschool

in/on

前不加冠詞in/on后名詞必須有冠詞或代等修飾

__bike.Myfatheroftengoestowork__hiscar/___hisbicycle.7．表示“用……”的by,in和with介詞byinwith

用法指“靠……手段，用……方法，憑借……”，后可接名詞、代詞或動名詞多用于表示語言、材料的名詞前多用于表示有形的工具或軀體器官的名詞前

示例Hemadealiving___sellingnewspaperswhenhewasyoung.Alltheapplicantsarerequiredtofill____theforminTheyarebusydigging_____spades.8．表示“除……外”的except,except和besides介詞exceptexceptforbesides

用法表示“除……之外(其他的都”其后的賓語是被排除在外的，側(cè)重同類事物的排除其后被排除的內(nèi)容與主語往往不是同一類的表示“除……之外(其他的也”其后的賓語是被包括在內(nèi)的

示例Allmyfriendstookpartinparty______John.Hiscompositionisgood_______afewspellingmistakes.HehaslearnedGerman,French______English.9．其他?？冀樵~的用法(1)against的用含義

示例Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecause(表示態(tài)度反themajorityofthecommitteemembersare_______it.(表示對比以…為背景(表示方位倚著……(2)beyond的法含義

Theskier’sredclothesstoodoutclearly_______thesnow.Thegirlwasleaning______herarmsfolded.示例(表示置)在……另一邊，在…更遠(yuǎn)3/19

Thesmallvillageis20miles______

處

thetown.(表示時(shí)刻晚……

Hedelayedthematter______thefixedtime.Tobeacknowledgedasthefirstto(表示程度超，非……所能及receivethishonor_______expressioninwordsfor(3)over的法含義

示例Theairplaneflew______the(表方位越過mountainsanddisappearedinthedistance.Hegotthejobbecausehehasthe(表等級或數(shù)目)高于，在……上，超過advantage______othersknowingmanylanguages.IsorryIdidnphoneyou,but(表時(shí)刻或過程)在……期間’vebusy_____thepastcoupleofweeks.(4)to的法含義(表示方向、距離到向，去(表示時(shí)刻直……為止，到(表示較、比例、參照)與…相比，相關(guān)于……而言(表示對象關(guān)系)屬于，對，給達(dá)到(某一點(diǎn)或某個(gè)限度的法含義在……下面，在……之下

示例Itwasontheway____therailwaystation.Hewakesatquarter_____sixeverymorning.Ipreferorangestoapples.Thehospitalisattached____theuniversity.Temperaturesdropped_____25degreesbelowzero.示例Sheplacedtheladder______thewindow.4/19

在……過程中(數(shù)字、數(shù)量、年齡或價(jià)低于少于，在……以下受……阻礙(6)with的法含義

Thepossibilityofemployingmorestaffisstill______discussion.Thesetoysarenotsuitableforchildren______five.Shebeen______alotofpressureatwork.示例和……一起，和，同，跟(表同或同一方向)隨

Wouldyouliketogoshopping______？_______timegoingby,thehasgrown著

up.具有，帶有由于，因?yàn)?表示方式用

ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butdonenoughmoney_____me.Hetrembledfear.Hecutit______aknife.二、介詞短語介詞的固定搭配考查有兩種：一是考查固定搭配中的介詞；二是考查介詞短語。①Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadthevillagerswithoutforanythinginreturn.(2020·浙高)當(dāng)詹姆斯住在那個(gè)村里的時(shí)候，他無私地把他的任何東西都與村民分享而不圖任何回報(bào)。②Startingyourcouldbewaytoachievingfinancialindependence.theotherhand,itcouldjustputyouindebt.(2020·西高)自己做生意或許是獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的一種方法，另一方面，它也可能讓你負(fù)債。知識積存介詞的常用搭配一覽1．介詞與名詞的常用搭配(1)at表示狀態(tài)ataloss不所措atwar在爭中(2)其他以開頭的介詞短語atthebeginningofatthecostofattheriskofatthemercyof

atpeace處和平中atwork在工作在……的開始以……的代價(jià)冒……的危險(xiǎn)在……支配下；任由……擺布5/19

(3)on表示狀態(tài)onexhibition/show在展出onsale出，打折

onfire著火ontheway在途onthedecrease/increase在在增加onholiday/vacation在度假onduty/guard在班站崗(4)其他以開頭的介詞短語onaccountof因?yàn)閛nnoaccount/condition決不(5)by表示方式byaccident偶然bychance偶然byhand用工bytheday按天(6)in表示方式incash用金付款indepth在度上insize在小上inlength在長上(7)其他以開頭的介詞短語inneedof需inno趕inplaceof代替inadditionto另外inresponseto作回應(yīng)inspiteof盡管infavorof支持，贊成incaseof萬；假如；假如incelebrationof為?！璱ncontrolof治理操縱；操縱inhonourof為向……表示敬意inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念……insupportof為支……inthechargeof在…的治理下

onbehalfof代byair/plane乘機(jī)bycoincidence碰bymistake錯(cuò)地bynature天生inwidth在度上indetail詳細(xì)inheight在高上inEnglish用語innocase決innoway決不inpossessionof擁，有inchargeof掌……inreturn作為報(bào)inexchangefor作為交換6/19

inthedirectionof在…方向inthefaceof面…(8)of表示特點(diǎn)(等于相應(yīng)的容)ofbenefit有益的ofhelp關(guān)心的ofimportance重的ofuse有的(9)out＋n.表示狀態(tài)outofbalance失平穩(wěn)outofcontrol不操縱outofdebt不欠債outofshape走，不成形outofthequestion不能(10)under表示被動underattack遭到突擊underpressure在力下undercontrol處操縱之中＋n.表示方式withdelight/joy快地withease輕而舉地

ofsignificance有義的ofvalue有值的outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofdate過outoforder出故outofsight看不outofwork失underdiscussion在討論中undertreatment在療中underconstruction在筑中withdifficulty困地withfear可地withpleasure樂地(12)beyond表示“超出……難以……”beyondcompare無與比beyonddescription難以述beyonddoubt不懷疑，確實(shí)beyondexpression/words難表達(dá)2．介詞與形容詞的常用搭配(1)bebeanxiousaboutbecuriousaboutbeparticularaboutbeworried/concernedabout(2)be＋atbeangryat因…動氣beastonishedat對…驚

beyondreach夠不擔(dān)憂……對……好奇對……講究/挑對……擔(dān)憂begoodat擅長bepresentat出席7/19

bedisappointedat對…敗興(3)be＋inbeabsorbedin用于……bedressedin穿……berichin富含……

beactivein積極于……beengagedin忙……beoccupiedin忙……beinterestedin對…愛beinvolvedin包在……中，被卷入(4)be＋forbeeager期……befitfor適合，勝任……beready預(yù)好……

befamous以…聞名behungry期……besorryfor對……感到抱歉bethankfulfor因……而感激beanxiousfor急希望，期望……bepreparedfor為……做好預(yù)(5)bebeabsentfrom缺befarfrom遠(yuǎn)離(6)be＋tobecloseto接……bedevotedto致于……

bedifferentfrom不于befreefrom不受……阻礙becontraryto與相beequalto等……befamiliarto對…來說熟befriendlyto對…友好begoodto對…有好處beharmfulto對…有危害beopposedto反……be/getusedto(變得)適應(yīng)于…(7)be＋ofbeawareof意到……befullof充滿…beshortof缺……beashamedof為…感到羞恥(8)bebebusywith忙……becombinedwith與…結(jié)合becoveredwith被……覆蓋

begratefulto對…心存感激bekindto對…友好besimilarto與……相似befondof喜愛…beproudof因…而自豪betiredof厭……befilledwith充滿becontentwith對…中意befamiliarwith對…熟悉8/19

bepatientwith對…有耐心bewith受……的歡迎besatisfiedwith對……中意bepleasedwith對…感到中意byangrywith(sb.)對某)怒beconcernedwith與……有關(guān)；涉及，關(guān)懷，關(guān)注【點(diǎn)突破】考點(diǎn)語境詞義辨析1.Thedictionaryiswordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesincewaspublished.(2021·天津，2)A.outofcontrolC.outofsight

B.outofdateD.outofreach2.Haveyoueverheardthetreesthatarehomes________animalsbothonlandandsea？(2020·浙江，A．a(chǎn)boutC．with

B．toD．over3.Mostpeopleworkbecauseitunavoidable.________，therearesomewhoactuallyenjoywork.(2020·江10)A.AsaresultC.Bycontrast

B.InadditionD.Inconclusion4.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound________ThomasEdison.(2020·江蘇，A.thankstoC.asidefrom

B.regardlessofD.butfor5.Thismeetinganonsmokingarea.Iwouldtowarnyouifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.(2020·湖30)A.inadvanceC.intotal

B.indetailD.ingeneral6.Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandma________thearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.(2020·陜西，A.onB.byC.inD.at7.Acommonmemorytheyallhave________theirschooldaysistheschooluniform.(2020·福建，A.of考點(diǎn)歸納

B.onC.toD.with9/19

1．幾組常見的介詞短語(1)out＋詞outofquestion毫疑問outofthe不可能outoforder次顛倒outofsight看不見；outofplace不適outofpity出同情；outofcuriosity出好奇(2)in＋詞inpower掌；goodcondition狀良好in失望地inpublic/secret公地/隱秘地；tears哭；ingood/badrepair保養(yǎng)得不行；charge負(fù)，掌管inahurry匆忙；in動；introuble有難(3)in＋詞＋介詞incaseof以萬；honorof為紀(jì)念……；infavor支持；inof為了紀(jì)念……；inchargeof負(fù)；termsof從……角度inof需；praiseof夸；viewof鑒；inreturnfor為對……的回報(bào)inresponseto對……的答復(fù)或反應(yīng)＋詞undercontrol受控underattack遭到攻擊under在行中；underdiscussion在討論；underconsideration在論考慮中(5)at＋詞atwork在作；at在耍atdinner在飯；at輕，自由悠閑atwar在打仗(6)on＋詞on著；purpose有地on值日；on在；onleave在休假；onholiday在度假；onawalk在散步；ontherise/fall上/下；onsale出售；onshow/exhibition展business出wayto在去……的路avisit/trip/tour出行(7)toone’s＋情感名詞toone’ssurprise令某人驚奇的是toone’sjoy使某人快樂的是；toone’sdisappointment令某敗興的；toonedelight使某人快樂的是2．注意下列短語中介詞的用法fornothing不花，免費(fèi)comeacrosstheroom穿房feellikedoingsth.想做某事getpaidbytheweek按周獲酬勞beparticularabout...對…求、挑剔with中地besecondto不于任何；不比任何東西差10/19

onone’s獨(dú)地ingreatquantity大量地，大量ingreatdemand需求量專門大takeaturnforthe正朝更好的方向進(jìn)展keepaneyeon照看照管withthehelpof在…的關(guān)下undertheleadershipof在…的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下thearticleinthenewspaper報(bào)上的文章abirdinthe樹的鳥applesonthetree樹上蘋ticketsfortheconcert音會的票inthedirectionof朝……的方向fromthedirectionof從…方向setanexampletosb.給某人立榜樣3.下短語中to為介belongto屬于datebackto追到lookforwardto希；期望beaddictedto沉于beaccustomedto適于be/getusedtodoing...適應(yīng)做……bedevotedto...致于……stickto堅(jiān)持【法結(jié)方法1漢對比法在高考試題中，考查的介詞有一大部分是表示方位、范疇的，這就涉及到一些表示方位的介詞這時(shí)能夠依照其漢語意思來解答此類試題。(1)Donyouthinkthisshirtistootight________shoulders?A.acrossC.above

B.overD.through(2)Seanhasformedthehabitofjoggingthetreelinedavenuefortwohourseveryday.A.betweenC.below

B.alongD.with11/19

(3)FourChinesemodelswere________14peopleawardedprizesonFridayattheWorldSupermodelCompetition.A.amongC.along

B.betweenD.beside方法2固短語法關(guān)于介詞的固定搭配，在解答試題時(shí)，要注意從句子中找出中心詞匯，也確實(shí)是那個(gè)詞和選項(xiàng)中的詞能夠構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定搭配，符合句子意思，如此問題就會專門快解決。(1)Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowup________influencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.(2021·浙7)A.onB.inC.atD.about(2)Myfather________goingtotheWestCoastbecauseitwascrowdedwithtourists.A.byB.onC.forD.against(3)Agreatmanshowshisgreatness________thewayhelittlemen.A.underB.withC.onD.by方法3利置入法解決介詞短語的相關(guān)題目關(guān)于介詞短語的相關(guān)題目，一樣采納將介詞短語置入句子，并進(jìn)行逐一翻譯的方法。解決此類題目的關(guān)鍵確實(shí)是平常多積存相關(guān)知識，然后讀明白題干的含義。(1)Thatmanis，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.________，hereliable.(2021·浙6)A.OrelseC.Bytheway

B.InshortD.Foronething(2)Iguesswe’vealreadyaboutthisbeforebutI’llaskyouagainjust________.A.bynatureC.incase

B.inreturnD.bychance(3)________hisbeinglateagain，helostjobandhadtostayathome.A.OwetoC.Incaseof【展交流】[典題精選①(2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Tonysawatoyonshopwindow.②(2021·云南省統(tǒng)一檢

B.AsresultofD.Becauseof[我來改正]①____________②____________12/19

[常設(shè)誤點(diǎn)(1)介詞與名詞搭配不當(dāng)介詞與名詞搭配時(shí)用哪一個(gè)介詞取決于其后的名這要依照名詞選擇適當(dāng)

測Thebridgeontheriverhasalonghistory.(2020·陜西高考)Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.(2021·濰坊市一模)Youshouldeatmorefruitandvegetables,whicharerichofvitamins.①(2020·四川高考Pleasemeandgivemesomeadvice.②(2020·陜西高soccercoachretiredinlastweek.(2020·四川高考)Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatdoorwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.(2020·浙江高考)Ifwecouldshowconcerntoothersonneed,theworldwouldbeabetterplacetolivein.

__________________________①_________________②___________________________________________________

的介詞。(2)介詞與動詞搭配不當(dāng)介詞與動詞搭配時(shí)介詞的使用取決于動時(shí)要依照動詞選擇適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。(3)介與形容詞搭配不當(dāng)介詞與形容詞搭配時(shí)介詞的使用是由形容詞決定這要依照形容詞選擇適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。(4)介詞的余外①及物動詞后直截了當(dāng)跟賓語，無需加介詞；②last,next后名詞表時(shí)刻時(shí)前面無需加介詞。介的缺失不及物動詞后跟賓語時(shí)應(yīng)加相應(yīng)的介詞。(6)適搭配中介詞的錯(cuò)用在適應(yīng)搭配中介詞的使用是相對固定不隨意改動?！咎脴?biāo)Ⅰ.在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~1．Mostpeopleworkbecauseit'sunavoidable.________contrast,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork.2．Thesecommentscameinresponse________specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocal13/19

newsmen.3．Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomes________animalsbothonlandandsea?4．Lastyearwasthewarmestonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃_____theaverage.5．Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldbebut________ThomasEdison.6．Theybelievethattherearetransportdevelopments________thecornerthatwillbringalotofchangesforthebetter.7．Acommonmemorytheyallhave________theirschooldaysistheschool8．Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmony________nature.9smeetingroomisanonsmokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou______advancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.10．Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandma________thearmandwalkedheracrossthe11．Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthealmostwent________theroad.12．Ourclubisopeneveryoneregardless________age,sexoreducationalbackground.13．Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutforanything________return.14．Facinguptoyourproblems________runningawayistheapproachtoworkingthingsout.15．TheScottishgirl________blueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.Ⅱ.語篇填空用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填)Itwas__1__asunnymorningthatIdeliveredspeech__2__behalfmyclass.Regardless__3__thewarmthoftheImanagedtocalmdownandmakemy__4__thepoint.Thespeechwasabouthowtosavetheearth__5__anefficientway.Interms__6__savingenergy,Italked__7__detail.Allpeoplepresentwasabsorbed__8__listeningtothespeech,whichmademefeel__9__ease.__10__short,itwasthemostsuccessfulspeechIhadever14/19

參答【習(xí)學(xué)一、介詞1．onininonontobesidebynear2.betweenamong3.acrossoverpast4.atatatatinininonon5.forforsincesince6.byinon15/19

7.byinwith8.exceptexceptbesides9．(1)againstagainstagainst(2)beyondbeyondbeyond(3)overoverover(4)totototo(5)underunderunderunder(6)withWithwithwithwith【點(diǎn)突破】考點(diǎn)語境詞義辨析1.答B(yǎng)解析考“outof＋名詞”型詞短語辨析。句意為：這部詞典過時(shí)了：自從它出版以來，這門語言已增加了許多單詞。outofdate過時(shí)符合語境outofcontrol失；ofsight看不見；outofreach夠著2.答B(yǎng)解析考查固定搭配。句意為：聽說過是海陸兩棲動物棲息地的樹嗎behometo為定搭配，意為“是……的棲息地，是……的家園”。3.答C解析考介詞短語辨析。句意：大多數(shù)人工作因?yàn)檫@是無法幸免的，相比之下，也有一些人確實(shí)喜愛工依語境可此表示前后對。bycontrast相之符語aresult結(jié)果；addition另，此外inconclusion之。4.答D解析考介詞短語辨析。句意：假如沒有托馬斯·愛迪生的話，我們現(xiàn)在所受益的許多東西是可不能顯現(xiàn)的。thanksto幸虧由于regardlessof不管，不顧；asidefrom除，除…以外；for要是，假如沒的話。由句意知選D項(xiàng)5.答A解析考“in＋名詞”型短語義辨析。句意為：那個(gè)會議室是“無煙區(qū)”。我想提早提醒假你在那個(gè)地點(diǎn)吸你將會被罰依照題干中that導(dǎo)的賓語從句可說話者是在“早”告訴對方這一事實(shí)，因此選擇inadvance詳?shù)豬ntotal總；general樣來說。6.答B(yǎng)解析句為：那個(gè)小學(xué)生攙著奶的胳膊，送她過了街道。“動詞＋sb.＋詞＋the＋體16/19

部位”是適應(yīng)用法，依照軀體的不同的部位變化介詞，如heface等。7.答A解析考查介詞的用法。句意為他們對校園歲月的共同經(jīng)歷確實(shí)是校服。本句使用了hamemoryof這一配，意為“對……的經(jīng)歷”?！痉ńY(jié)方法1漢對比法(1)答A解析句為：難道你不覺得這襯衣肩部太緊了？acrosstheshoulder從肩一邊到另一邊。over，above指在方；through指事物的內(nèi)部穿過。(2)答B(yǎng)解析句意：Sean差不多養(yǎng)成每天沿林蔭大道慢跑兩個(gè)小時(shí)的適在者之間；along沿著below在……下方with……在一起，用，隨著。(3)答A解析句為：在周五的世界超大賽上，四位中國模特躋身14位獎選手當(dāng)中。among位于……(兩者以上)之間；betwee