高中英語人教版2TheUnitedKingdom 市賽獲獎

2023秋英語人教版必修5U4同步綜合訓(xùn)練及答案UnitFourNewsMedia一、語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InmuchofAsia，especiallytheso－called“ricebowl”culturesofChina，Japan，Korea，__1__Vietnam，foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong，thinpiecesofwoodorcanalsobemadeofplastic，animalboneorchopsticksarequiteelegantchopsticksmight__2__(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChineseworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal__3__(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,__4__(use)twigs(樹枝)toremovetime，__5__thepopulationgrew，peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich__6__(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，__7__livedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthe__8__(develop)ofbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand__9__(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinIndia，forexample，mostpeopletraditionallyeat__10__theirhands.二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21-40各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。I’msittinginaquietroomattheMillcroftHotel，apeacefulplacehiddenbackamongpinetreesaboutanhouroutofToronto.It’sjustpastnoon，lateJuly，andI’m__1__thedesperatesoundsofalife-or-death__2__goingonafewfeetaway.There’sasmall__3__burningoutthelastofitsshortlife’senergiesina(an)__4__toflythroughtheglassofthe，it’snotworking.Thegreateffortoffersnohopeforsurvival.Ironically(諷刺地)，thestruggleispartofthetrap.Itis__6__fortheflytotryhardenoughtosucceedin__7__throughtheglass.Thisflyisdoomed(注定失敗)．Itwill__8__thereonthewindowsill.Acrosstheroom，tensteps__9__，thedoorisopen.Tensecondsofflyingtimeandthissmallcreaturecouldreachtheoutsideworldonlyasmalleffortnowbeing__11__，itcouldbefreeofthisself-breakthroughpossibilityisthere.Itwouldbeso__13__.Whydoesn’ttheflytryanotherapproach，__14__dramaticallydifferent？Howdiditgetsolockedinontheidea__15__thisparticularrouteanddeterminedeffortofferthemostpromiseforsuccess?Nodoubtthiswaymakes__16__tothe，it’sanideathatwillkillit.Tryingharderisn’tnecessarilythesolution__17__achievingmore.Itmaynotofferanyreal__18__forgettingwhatyouwantoutoflife.Sometimes，infact，it’sabigpartoftheproblem.Ifyou__19__yourhopesforabreakthroughontryingharderthanever，youmay__20__yourchancesforsuccess.三、閱讀理解A【2023北京高考真題】CCaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecoveryCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwind-lengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning(鉛中毒)nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred（繁殖）.Since1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(電死)iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freebirdsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney(腎)failuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to%in2023.Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”condorsattractresearchers’interestbecausethey.activeatnighttobebredinthewildfoundoninCaliforniadiedoutinthe1980s2.Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare.condors’journeyhomeB.bigkillersofCaliforbniacondorasC.restplacesforcondorsatnightD.usedtokeepcondorsawaytoParaghaph5,leadpoisoning.condorstoonervoustoflyB.haslittleeffectoncondors’kidneysC.canhardlybegottenridoffromcondors’bloodD.makesitdifficultforcondorstoproducebabybirdspassageshowsthat.averagesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactory’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineeringeffortstoprotectcondorsbavebroughtgoodresultshavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblemB閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。體裁：記敘文話題：公共服務(wù)時間：7分鐘TheworldoftaxidriversisdominatedbythereisonesmalltaxicompanyinDelhi，whereallthedriversandpassengersare'ssafetyisahottopicinIndiaatthemoment，soit'sprovingaverypopularservice.“WhenI'montheroaddrivingourtaxiIfeelveryproud，becausethisisthefirsttaxiserviceonlyforwomen，”says31-year-oldShantiSharma，whoisoneofeightfemaledriverswithataxiservicecalledCabsforWomenbyWomen.Thelastcoupleofmonths，sincetherapeandmurderinthecityofacollegestudenttravellingonabus，havebeenparticularlybusyforherandhercolleagues.“Afterthiscase，ourworkloadhasincreasedsomuch，”saysSharma.“Womenwhousedothercabservicesarealsoturningtousnow.”MostwomeninDelhisaytheyroutinelyfaceharassment(騷擾)，andworse，especiallyonpublictransport.Sharma，asingleparentwiththreedaughters，hasbeenworkingasataxidriversince2023，whentheservicewasfirstsetup，andithaschangedheristhefirsttimethatshehasearnedenough—about250amonth—tosupportherfamily.Ofcourse，sheandtheotherfemaletaxidriversarecompletelyoutnumberedbymalecabbies.“WhenIparksomewheretherearealwaysmenthereandinevitablyfiveorsixofthemgettogetherandhangout，”shesays.“I'musuallytheonlywomanintheparkinglot，soIjuststayinsidethecar.”It'snotmuchbetterwhensheisoutonthesaysthemaledriversgiveherahardtime.“Assoonastheyseeawomanatthewheeltheystarthonking(按喇叭)forno'lltrytoovertake'malwaysworryingabouthowtoavoidgettinghitbysomeone.”ThecompanybehindCabsforWomenbyWomen，SakhaConsultingWings，hadanumberofgoalswhenitsetupthewantedtogivewomenfrompoorbackgroundsanopportunitytoearnputtingwomeninchargeoftechnologies，italsowantedtochangepeople'sattitudes，andopenupboundariesforwomen.C“Stopmakingexcusesforhim，Mom，”Isaid.“Butmaybeheisfeelingunwell...”Momsaid.“Maybenothing，”IhadbeentendingMomsinceherhealthbegantodeclineandthiswouldbethefirsttimeinayearthatmyhusbandandIhadanightouthadpromisedtostaywithagainheletusmoreoftenthannot，hisdrinkinghadalottodowithirresponsibilityupsetme.Irememberedourhappygrowing-upyearsinasmalltowninWestgoodfamilyeducation，Jerryhadbeenakindwasonly15whenDadhim，Igotoverthesorrowsoon，buthestartedhebeganhangingoutwithbadguys.JerryandIdidn’tseeeachotheroften，butwetalkedonthe，though，weendedupMomcametolivewithus，Jerrydroppedinregularlyatfirst，butafterawhilehisvisitsbecameexplainedhecouldn’thandleseeingMominsuchabadexcuse，Ithought.OnedayIwenttoseethedoctoraboutmyhadbeenachingformonths.“Ican’tfindanythingwrongwithyouphysically，”thedoctorsaid.“ButIcantellyou’reverysomethingbotheringyou？”IpouredoutmystoryaboutJerry.“Doyouthinkhe’slikelytochange？”heshrugged.“Probablynot.”“But，youcan，”hesaidgently.Me？WhydidIhavetochange？HewastheonewhoconstantlyletuswhathadIdone？Maybethedoctorwascouldn’tlovehisbehavior，butIcouldlovehim—thewayIdidwhenwewereIwalkedintothehouseIsensedarelief.JerrydiedyoungduetomissI’mgratefulIwasgiventheopportunitytoshowhimIlovedhim—ashewas，notasIwantedhimtobe.四、七選五（2023高考模擬選編）下面文章中有5個段落需要添加首句(第1～5題)。請從以下選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D、E和F)中選出適合各段落的首句。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。A．Wedon'tcareaboutthethingswegeteasily.B．Ittakestimeandefforttobeanexpertinanyarea.C．Weshouldsticktorulesundoubtedlyandbravely.D．Sometimeswehavetoignoreorbreaktheregulations.E．Ittakesgreatamountofcouragetotaketheroadlesstraveled.F．Youdon'thavetoliveyourlifeinawaysocietywantsyouto.Mostofthetime，welearnthelessonsfromtheoldandwiseastheyhavealreadybeenwhereweareandhavedonewhatwerarelydoeslifeteachussomethinginaneasyalwaystakestestsandthenfailsforustolearnanythingarefivelifelessonswhichpeoplewilllearnthehardwayinmajorityofcases.1．________Peopleusuallygetdiscouragedwhenittakesmoretimethantheythoughtitandforemost，keepinmindthatpeoplereferonlytothosewhohavealreadyachievedwhatyouwanttobe，whichmostpeoplefailtolookatotherunsuccessfulpeopleandapplythosecriteriatothemevenbeforetheytakeatanysuccessfulpersonandyou'llnoticeonethingcommoninalloftooktimetolearnandmasteredtheircraftlikenooneisnoelevatortosuccess;youhavetotakethestairs.2．________Decadesofoldbeliefs，customsandpracticesarebeingperformedthesedaysandarefollowedblindlywithoutbeingsometimesforcetheirchildrentoselectacareertheydon'twantbecauseotherchildrenhaveselectedthataremadetofollowsomepracticesintheirfamilywhichmakesnosensetothematofall，peoplefollowthemwithoutevenisnoharminoldcustomsandbeliefsbutwhenyoupursuethembeforeyourinterest，soonerorlateryou'llrealizethatyoushouldfirstdowhatyouthinkisright.3．________Undoubtedly，thisistrueinalltheareasofhealthforfewpeopletaketheirhealthknowthatiftheirhealthislost，theywon'tbehappy，stilltheyeatjunkfoodandneverexercise，keepaccumulatingfatandkeepspendingonweightlossnothing?Therealreasonbehindisthattheyhavegothealthforspendthousandsoncarsandtakecareofthemwhatwouldhavebeenthepriceofhumanbodyifwehadtopayforit?Andthenimaginehowwellwewouldtakecareofitifwehadpaidahugeamountofmoneytogetourbody.4．________Moreoften，wearealwaysaskingtenpeoplebeforetakinganyalwayswanttoconfirmthatwearesureanddonotmakeanyfollowthesamepaththateveryonesuggests，dothesamethingeveryonedoes，andhangoutwiththesamepeoplewework?Becausewearewhenyougetboredoflife，yourealizethatyouarenotmeanttodowhateveryonedoesandthatyourdestinyisdifferentfromanyoneelse'soutthereintheitalwaystakesatremendousamountofgutstofollowyourowntrail.5．________Rulesarefollowrulessothatthingsareinorderandnooneisdisturbedistrueincaseoftrafficandothercompanyrulesbutwhenitcomestoyourlife，therearerulesmadebypeoplewhoarescaredtodosomethingapartfromtheirroutineandthereforetheymaderulestopreventothersdoingwhentimepassesbyandyouthinkyouarenotbeingdirectedtowardsyourgoalandthesesocalledrulesareyourbiggestobstacles，breakthem，weneedtobeboldandactcourageously.五、短文改錯TodaywewenttoclimbtheWestHill．Earlyinmorning1．______westartedoutandarrivedanhourlate．Thenwebegan2．______toclimb．Thehillwashighandsomeofusgottired3．______soon,andallofuswereveryexcited．Wecheered4．______happilywhenwegotthetop．Wehadourlunchthere5．_______andhadenjoyedourselvesverymuch．Unfortunately，6．________whenwewalkeddownthehill，Wewerecaughtby7．_______arain．Weremainedcalmly，sharedumbrellasand8．_______raincoatsandwalkedcarefully．Finallywebothreached9．_______theparkinglotsafely．Inspiteoftheunexpectingrain10．______andwind，wehadagoodtime．【參考答案】一、語法填空【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了亞洲一些國家中的吃飯工具筷子。1．a(chǎn)nd[考查連詞。China,Japan,Korea,Vietnam是并列關(guān)系。]2．bemade[考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意筷子是被制造的。]3．tocreate[考查動詞不定式。作目的狀語。]4．using[考查分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。]5．a(chǎn)s/when[考查連詞。as/when“當(dāng)……時，隨著……”。]6．gradually[考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞。]7．who[考查定語從句。后面是非限制性定語從句，先行詞指人，故用who。]8．development[考查名詞。此處應(yīng)用名詞作動詞的賓語。]9．were[考查時態(tài)和動詞的數(shù)。此處were是與wouldremind并列的謂語動詞。]10．with[考查介詞。固定短語：withone’shands用某人的手。]二、完形填空【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了“我”在旅館里看到一只蒼蠅不停地試圖穿過玻璃飛出去，這無疑是在自殺。它完全可以從旁邊開著的門飛走?！拔摇睆倪@件事得到啟發(fā)：人們在遇到困難的時候，不應(yīng)冒昧地嘗試，應(yīng)該有所突破，才有機(jī)會獲得成功。 B．cryingoutC．watching D．listeningto解析句意為：我聽到了絕望的聲音。listento“聽到”。A、B、C三項(xiàng)均沒有“聽到”的意思。答案D2．A.struggle B．cryC．yell D．test解析struggle意為“掙扎，斗爭”；cry意為“哭，喊叫”；yell意為“叫喊”；test意為“測試”。由第二段第四句中“thestruggleispartoftrap”的提示可知，此處應(yīng)選用struggle。答案A3．A.bird B．flyC．insect D．worm解析bird意為“鳥”；fly意為“蒼蠅”；insect意為“昆蟲”；worm意為“爬蟲”。由第二段第五句中的“theflytotryhardenoughtosucceedin...”可知，B項(xiàng)正確。答案B4．A.experience B．directionC．force D．a(chǎn)ttempt解析experience意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷”；direction意為“方向”；force意為“武力”；attempt意為“嘗試”。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，蒼蠅正在嘗試穿過玻璃飛出去。答案D5．A.Thus B．SoC．Although D．However解析thus意為“因而”；so意為“所以”；although意為“雖然”；however意為“然而”。句意為：雖然蒼蠅不斷地嘗試穿過玻璃窗，然而并不奏效。前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。答案D6．A.unusual B．likelyC．impossible D．common解析unusual“不同尋常的”；likely“可能的”；impossible“不可能的”；common“尋常的”。由常識可知，蒼蠅是不可能成功穿過玻璃飛出去的。答案C7．A.digging B．breakingC．pushing D．jumping解析dig“挖掘”；break“打破”；push“推”；jump“跳”。短語breakthrough意為“突破，沖破”，符合語境。答案B8．A.kill B．dieC．lie D．stick解析kill“殺死”；die“死”；lie“撒謊，躺”；stick“粘貼”。由常識判斷，如果蒼蠅不斷地撞擊玻璃，就會死在那里。答案B9．A.away B．farC．near D．distant解析away“距離……遠(yuǎn)”；far“遠(yuǎn)的”；near“近的”；distant“遠(yuǎn)的”。away用在名詞后，表示距離某地有多遠(yuǎn)，符合語境。答案A10．A.dreams B．thinksofC．misses D．longsfor解析dream“夢想”；thinkof“考慮”；miss“懷念，錯過”；longfor“渴望”。句意為：只需十秒鐘的飛行，這只蒼蠅就能飛到外面它所渴望的世界。答案D11．A.done B．ownedC．wasted D．planned解析do“做，完成”；own“擁有”；waste“浪費(fèi)”；plan“計(jì)劃”。根據(jù)語境可知，它之前的努力都白費(fèi)了，故C項(xiàng)符合語境。答案C12．A.aim B．trapC．net D．goal解析aim“目的，目標(biāo)”；trap“陷阱”；net“網(wǎng)”；goal“目的”。由第二段第四句中的“thestruggleispartofthetrap”可知，trap符合語境，即自我設(shè)置的陷阱。答案B13．A.easy B．necessaryC．hard D．obvious解析easy“輕松的，容易的”；necessary“必要的”；hard“艱難的”；obvious“明顯的”。句意為：突破的可能性就在那里，是那么簡單。答案A14．A.attempt B．a(chǎn)nythingC．struggle D．something解析something“某事，某物”，常用于肯定句；anything“任何事物”，常用于否定句和疑問句。在表示請求、建議或征求意見的疑問句中常用something。答案D15．A.that B．whatC．which D．where解析that可引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；which引導(dǎo)形容詞性從句；where可引導(dǎo)定語從句和狀語從句。從句中不缺任何成分，且句中先行詞是idea，所以其后要用that來引導(dǎo)同位語從句，對idea進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。答案A16．A.sense B．differenceC．effect D．effort解析sense“感覺，意識”，常和make構(gòu)成短語，makesense意為“有意義”；difference“區(qū)別，不同”；effect“影響”；effort“努力”。句意為：毫無疑問，這種方法對這只蒼蠅來說是有意義的。答案A17．A.of B．fromC．off D．to解析在solution的后面常跟to表示的不定式，是固定搭配。意為“解析法”。答案D18．A.advice B．supportC．hope D．power解析advice“建議”；support“支持，支撐”；hope“希望”；power“力量”。此處與最后一段中的“Ifyou________yourhopesfora．..”相照應(yīng)，故用hope符合語境。答案C19．A.risk B．getC．make D．take解析risk“冒險，冒……的風(fēng)險”；get“獲得”；make“制作”；take“帶走”。句意為：如果你冒險把你的希望放在比以往更艱難的突破上，你就可能有扼殺成功的機(jī)會。答案A20．A.fail B．killC．a(chǎn)chieve D．fulfill解析fail“失敗”；kill“殺死”；achieve“獲得，達(dá)到”；fulfill“執(zhí)行，履行”由語境可知，此處應(yīng)用kill。答案B三、閱讀理解A、1.D 2.B 3.D4.C B、【語篇導(dǎo)讀】德里一家出租車公司專門推出了女性司機(jī)只為女性乘客提供服務(wù)的CabsforWomenbyWomen出租車業(yè)務(wù)。生意異?；鸨?。1．ThetaxiserviceCabsforWomenbyWomen______.A．isgreatlyneededatpresentinIndiaB．causesahotdebateinIndiaC．wassetupin2023D．isfreeofchargeforwomen解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句中的“it'sprovingaverypopularservice”可知，這項(xiàng)女性出租車服務(wù)在現(xiàn)在有很大需求量。答案A2．WhyarewomenwhousedothercabservicesturningtoCabsforWomenbyWomen?A．Becauseitischeap. B．Becauseitissafe.C．Becauseitisfamous. D．Becauseitisconvenient.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三、四段內(nèi)容可推知，那些以前乘坐其他出租車的女性現(xiàn)在選擇CabsforWomenbyWomen，是因?yàn)檫@種由婦女駕駛的出租車能為女性乘客提供安全保障。答案B3．WhatdoweknowaboutSharma?A．SheisthefirstfemaletaxidriverinDelhi.B．Shelivesinharmonywithherhusband.C．Shehasregrettedbecomingataxidriver.D．Shehasabettersalaryafterbecomingataxidriver.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段可知，從2023年Sharma成為出租車司機(jī)后，她才賺了足夠多的錢來養(yǎng)家糊口。答案D4．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．TheopportunitiesCabsforWomenbyWomenprovidesforwomen.B．ThemainpurposesofCabsforWomenbyWomen.C．People'sattitudestowardsCabsforWomenbyWomen.D．ThebackgroundinformationofCabsforWomenbyWomen.解析段落大意題。根據(jù)本段的主題句“ThecompanybehindCabsforWomenbyWomen，SakhaConsultingWings，hadanumberofgoalswhenitsetuptheservice.”可知，本段主要講開展CabsforWomenbyWomen出租車服務(wù)的目的。答案B【長難句解讀】原文Sharma，asingleparentwiththreedaughters，hasbeenworkingasataxidriversince2023，whentheservicewasfirstsetup，andithaschangedherlife.譯文Sharma是一個獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)三個女兒的單親母親，自從2023年首次開展這項(xiàng)服務(wù)以來，她一直是一名出租車司機(jī)。這改變了她的生活。分析and前后為兩個并列分句。在第一個分句中，asingleparentwiththreedaughters是Sharma的同位語。when引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，修飾2023。C、【語篇解讀】愛一個人，并不意味著他很完美。有時，即便他有著讓人難以忍受的缺點(diǎn)，也要學(xué)會去愛——愛他不是因?yàn)樗悄闼谕哪菢?，而是愛他本人?．WhenJerryfailedtocarryouthispromisethatnight，hismother________.A．feltveryangry B．triedtodefendhimC．wasindifferentaboutit D．phonedhimtoaskhimtocomeback解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Stopmakingexcusesforhim，Mom，”Isaid.“Butmaybeheisfeelingunwell...”可推斷，答案為B。答案：B2．Jerrygotintothehabitofdrinkingmainlybecause________.A．hewasinfluencedbybadguysB．hismomlefttolivewithhissisterC．nobodycaredforhimafterhisfatherdiedD．hecouldn’tgetoverthesadnessoflosinghisfather解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Unlikehim，Igotoverthesorrowsoon，buthestarteddrinking可知，答案為D。答案：D3．Theunderlinedword“sporadic”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”．A．occasional B．frequentC．formal D．unpleasant