汽車專業(yè)英語(3-7)

UnitThree

3.1DriveLineContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesHowmanymainunitsdoesthedrivelineassemblyconsistof?Whatarethey？Thedrivelineassemblyconsistsofsixmainunits.Theyareclutch,transmission,driveshaft,finaldrive,differentialandthedrivingwheels.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsHowdoesthedrivelinework?Thedrivelinecarriespowerfromtheenginecrankshafttothedrivingwheels,sothewheelsrotateandtheautomobilemoves.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-1DriveLine1-clutch;2-transmission;3-universaljoint;4-finaldrive;5-differential;6-driveshaftThetypicaldrivelinecomprisesclutch,transmission,driveshaft,finaldrive,differentialandthedrivingwheels.譯文：典型傳動系統(tǒng)一般包括離合器、變速器、傳動軸、主減速器、差速器和驅(qū)動輪等六部分。II.TextExplanationWhenyoulifttheclutchpedal,springsforcethepressureplateandclutchplateagainsttheflywheel.譯文：當(dāng)抬起踏板時，壓縮彈簧將壓盤和從動盤推向飛輪。II.TextExplanationAmanualtransmissionrequiresaclutchtoapplyandremovetheenginetorquetothetransmissioninputshaft.譯文：手動變速器需要用離合器來把發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩施加給變速器輸入軸或從變速器輸入軸撤消。

II.TextExplanationWhenthecarisonstraightroad,theringgear,differentialcase,differentialpiniongears,andtwodifferentialsidegearsallturnasaunitwithoutanyrelativemotion.譯文：汽車在直線行駛時，齒圈、差速器殼、差速器行星齒輪和兩個差速器半軸齒輪作為一個整體運轉(zhuǎn)，而無任何相對運動。II.TextExplanationThedriveshaftsareusuallyhollowinordertoweighless,butofalargediametersothattheyarestrong.譯文：傳動軸通常是空心的以減輕重量，但直徑比較大使它有足夠的強(qiáng)度

。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesmanualtransmissionreverseidlergearsgearratiosdriveshaftclutchplatedifferentialuniversaljointcoilspringpressureplatesynchronizer手動變速器倒檔齒輪齒輪齒數(shù)比傳動軸離合器片差速器萬向節(jié)螺旋彈簧壓盤同步器I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.III.ExercisesII.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofthedrivelineaccordingtothepicture.1engine;2transmission;3driveshaft;4drivingwheel;5clutch;6universaljoint;7finaldriveIII.ExercisesIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.

The(differential)systemispartoftherear-axle-housing(assembly),whichincludesthedifferential,(rearaxles),wheeland(bearings).Iftheautomobileweretobedrivenina(straight)linewithouthavingtomaketurns,thennodifferentialwouldbenecessary.However,whentheautomobileroundsaturn,the(outer)wheelmusttravelfartherthanthe(inner)wheel.Thedifferential(permits)thetworearwheelstorotate(different)amountswhentheautomobilegoesaroundaturn,whilestill(delivering

)powertobothrearwheels.III.ExercisesIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Althoughtherearemanytypesofclutch,thedrysingleplatetypeoftractionclutchisusedalmostexclusivelyinpassengercars.2.Thepressureondrivendiskfittedontothesplinedportionofshaftisprovidedbyspringsinstalledbetweenthehousingandpressuredrivingdisks.3.TheuniversaljointorU-jointsisusedtoconnectthediveshafttothetransmissionoutputshaftandthedifferentialpiniongearshaft.1.雖然離合器的種類很多，但客車上采用最多的還是單片干式離合器。2.從動盤安裝在傳動軸的花鍵槽內(nèi)，從動盤上的壓力來自彈簧的彈力，這些彈簧安裝在離合器殼和主動盤之間。3.萬向節(jié)將動力輸入軸、動力輸出軸和差速器齒輪軸連接在一起。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.如果快速運轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)動機(jī)突然與靜止車輛的傳動系相連接，就會產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的沖擊。2.離合器是一種用以連接和分離發(fā)動機(jī)和變速器的裝置。3.裝有自動變速器的汽車一般不需要離合器。1.Itwillhaveastrongimpactwhenthespinningengineconnectsthestationarytransmission.2.Theclutchisadevicewhichisdesignedtoconnectanddisconnecttheengineandthetransmission.3.Thereisnotclutchwhentheautomobileequipautomatictransmission.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.2ClutchContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesWhatwillyoudowhenyoumovethecar？Whatwillyoudowhenyouchangegears?StartthecarReleaseparkingbrakeandtheclutchpedalandpushdowngasFirstgearNeutralpositionDepresstheclutchpedalsecondgearReleasetheclutchpedalclutchDepresstheclutchpedalFirstgearWhereistheclutchintheautomobile?Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

A-engineB-clutchC-clutchpedalD-manualtransmissionPre-questionsWhatisthefunctionoftheclutch?Connectordisconnectthepowerfromtheenginetothedriveline.Pre-questionsHowmanymainpartsdoestheclutchconsistof?drivingmembersdrivenmemberscontrolmechanismspressingmechanismsPre-questionsInacar,youneedaclutchbecausetheenginespinsallthetime,butthecar'swheelsdonot.spin[spin]vt.&vi.

使…旋轉(zhuǎn)譯文：汽車上需要一個離合器，因為發(fā)動機(jī)一直在旋轉(zhuǎn)，而車輪卻不是（一直旋轉(zhuǎn)）。II.TextExplanationInordertostopwithoutkillingtheengine,thewheelsneedtobedisconnectedfromtheenginesomehow.somehow以某種方式，不知怎么譯文：為了使停車時發(fā)動機(jī)不熄火，車輪需要以某種方式與發(fā)動機(jī)斷開連接。這句話中killingtheengine表示使發(fā)動機(jī)熄火II.TextExplanationSomehow我們必須設(shè)法在明天早上以前把工作做完。Wemustgettheworkfinishedsomehowbytomorrowmorning.不知怎么地我們迷了路。Somehowwelostourway.Theclutch（showninFig.3-2）allowsustosmoothlyengageaspinningenginetoanon-spinningtransmissionbycontrollingtheslippagebetweenthem.slippage[’slipid?]n.

滑動譯文：離合器（圖3-2所示）允許我們將旋轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)動機(jī)和不轉(zhuǎn)的變速器平穩(wěn)地連接起來，這種連接通過控制它們之間的相對滑動來實現(xiàn)。II.TextExplanationFig.3-2Clutch1-pressureplate;2-drivendisk;3-flywheel;4-clutchcoverMostcarsequippedwithamanualtransmissionuseasingleclutchdisc,adiaphragmtypespring，apressureplateandclutchcoverassembly,aclutchreleasebearing,andaclutchreleasefork.singleclutchdisc單片離合器盤diaphragmtypespring膜片式彈簧pressureplate壓盤clutchcover離合器蓋releasebearing分離軸承releasefork分離叉II.TextExplanationdrivendiskPressureplateandcovercoverpressureplateflywheelreleaseleversandreleaseyokereleaseleversreleaseyokeTheclutchhasaclutchdiscasitsmajorpart,andtheclutchdiscconsistsofacircularmetalplateattachedtoareinforcedsplinedhub.circular[’s?:kjul?]adj.

圓形的,環(huán)形的;循環(huán)的reinforce[’ri:?n,f?:s]vt.

增強(qiáng);加強(qiáng)splinedhub花鍵轂譯文：離合器有一個離合器盤作為主要部件，離合器盤包括一個圓形的金屬盤，它與強(qiáng)化的花鍵轂連接在一起。attachedtoareinforcedsplinedhub是過去分詞短語作狀語修飾metalplateII.TextExplanationThesplinedhubisfreetoslidelengthwisealongthesplinesofthetransmissioninputshaft.

lengthwise[’le?θwaiz]adv.

縱長地,縱向地譯文：（離合器的）花鍵轂可以沿著變速器輸入軸的花鍵自由滑動。II.TextExplanationInitsoperatingpositionintheengine/transmissionlinkup,theclutchdiscissandwichedbetweentheengineflywheelandclutchpressureplate.sandwich[’s?nwid?]n.

三明治

vt.

1

把…夾在…之間

2

擠在…中間

譯文：在發(fā)動機(jī)和變速器接合狀態(tài)下，離合器盤被夾在發(fā)動機(jī)飛輪和離合器壓盤之間。II.TextExplanationsandwich

把一片火腿夾在兩片面包之間就做成了火腿三明治。Tomakeahamsandwichyouputasliceofhambetweentwoslicesofbread.在公共汽車上,他被擠在兩個胖女人中間。Hewassandwichedbetweentwoveryfatwomenonthebus.Theclutchforkandlinkageprovidethemeansofconvertingtheup-and-downmovementoftheclutchpedaltotheback-and-forthmovementoftheclutchreleasebearingassembly.means[mi:nz]n.

方法,手段

譯文：離合器分離叉和連接件提供了將離合器踏板的上下運動轉(zhuǎn)化為離合器分離軸承機(jī)構(gòu)的前后運動的一種方法。II.TextExplanationmeans科學(xué)家們正在為發(fā)明一種能儲存這種動力的方法而工作。Scientistsareworkingtodeviseameansofstoringthistypeofpower.diaphragm-springtypecoil-pressure-springtypeIII.Exercisesclutchreleaseforkdrivetraindrivingaxlespressureplatediaphragmtypesplinedhubcoilspringdiaphragmreleasefingersfrictiondisksengagementanddisengagement分離叉?zhèn)鲃酉祩鲃虞S壓盤膜片式花鍵轂螺旋彈簧膜片彈簧分離杠桿摩擦盤分離和接合I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.II.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofclutchaccordingtothepicture.1-frictiondisk2-spring3-splinedhub4-drivendisk5-pressureplate6-locatingstuds7-diaphragmspring8-fulcrumring9-clutchcoverIII.ExercisesIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.Theclutchreleasemechanismcanbeoperatedeither(mechanically)or(hydraulically).Themechanicallyoperatedreleasemechanismconsistsofa(pedal),a(returnspring),ashaftwithlever,arod,areleaseyoke(lever),areleaseyoke,areleaseballbearingwithsupportandaclutchreleasespring.Whentheclutchpedalis(depressed),therodandshaftwithyokeshiftthereleasebearingandsupport(assembly).Thereleasebearingpressestheinnerendsofthereleaselevers,thepressure(driven)ismovedawayfromthe(plate)diskandtheclutchisdisengaged.To(engage)theclutch,thepedalisreleased,thereleasebearingandsupportassemblyisshiftedbackbythereturnspringthusreleasingthereleasingleverssothatthepressureplateisforcedbyitsspringstowardstheflywheeltoclampthedrivendiskandengagetheclutch.IV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Theclutchisadeviceusedtoprovidesmoothengagementanddisengagementofengineandtransmission.2.Everyvehiclehasanenginewhichprovidesthestartingpower,buttheenginedevelopslittlepowerortorqueatlowrpm,andmustgainspeedbeforeitmovesavehicle.3.Iftherapidlyrotatingenginewassuddenlyconnectedtothedrivelineofastationaryvehicle,theengagementwouldnotbesoft.1.離合器是一種用以平穩(wěn)連接和分離發(fā)動機(jī)和變速器的裝置。2.每輛汽車都有一個提供動力的發(fā)動機(jī)，但是發(fā)動機(jī)在低速轉(zhuǎn)動時幾乎不產(chǎn)生動力或扭矩，而且發(fā)動機(jī)必須快速轉(zhuǎn)動才能推動車輛前進(jìn)。3.如果快速轉(zhuǎn)動的發(fā)動機(jī)突然與靜止車輛的驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)相連，這種接合就不會柔和。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.經(jīng)過離合器的動力輸出主要是由與發(fā)動機(jī)曲軸相連的一個或多個驅(qū)動元件與一個或多個動力輸入軸相連的驅(qū)動元件相接觸形成的。2.沿壓盤和離合器之間的圓周均勻分布的彈簧夾住壓盤與飛輪之間的從動盤。3.汽車離合器在構(gòu)造上都很相似，只是在壓緊機(jī)構(gòu)和分離機(jī)構(gòu)的細(xì)節(jié)上稍有不同。1.Poweroutputbytheclutchismainlydrivenbytheformationoftangencybetweenoneormoredrivecomponentsconnectedtotheenginecrankshaftandothersconnectedtothepowerinputshaft.2.Thespringevenlydistributedbetweenthecircumferenceofthepressureplateclampstheclutchdiscbetweentheflywheelandpressureplate.3.Allautomotiveclutchesareverysimilarinconstruction,onlydifferentinthedetailsofthepressure-plateassembliesandtheseparation.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.3ManualTransmission

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesWhatdoesthemanualtransmissionconsistof?Themanualtransmissionconsistsofahousing,aninputshaftandgear,anoutputshaftandgear,acountershaft,areversegear,aclusterofgearsandagearshiftmechanism.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsWhat’sthefunctionofthegearshiftmechanism?Thegearshiftmechanismisdesignedforengaginggears,settingthemneutralandengagingthereversespeed.

Pre-questionsWhereisthetransmissionlocatedinthecar?Whatdoesitactas?

Thetransmissionislocatedinthemiddleoftheengineanddrivingwheels.Itactsaschangingthetorquetransmittedfromtheenginecrankshafttothepropellershaft,reversingthevehiclemovementanddisengagingtheenginefromthedrivelineforalongtimeatparkingorcoasting.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-3ManualTransmission1-shiftmechanism;2-shiftforks;3-inputshaft;4-outputshaft;5-countershaft

Atransmissionisaspeedandpowerchangingdeviceinstalledatsomepointbetweentheengineanddrivingwheelsofthevehicle.譯文：變速器是一個安裝在汽車發(fā)動機(jī)和車輪間某個位置上的變換速度和動力的裝置。II.TextExplanationTwotypesoftransmissionarethemanualandtheautomatic.譯文：變速器可以分為手動式和自動式兩種。II.TextExplanationThemanualtransmissionconsistsofahousing,aninputshaftandgear,anoutputshaftandgear,acountershaft,areversegear,aclusterofgearsandagearshiftmechanism.譯文：手動式變速器由殼體、輸入軸及齒輪、輸出軸及齒輪、中間軸、倒檔齒輪、齒輪組和換檔裝置組成。

II.TextExplanationTheinputshaftismadeofsteelintegralwiththedrivinggearandtherim.譯文：輸入軸是鋼制的，與驅(qū)動齒輪和齒圈制成一體。II.TextExplanationThegearshiftmechanismconsistsofalever,shiftrails,shiftforks,retainers,locksandareversespeedsafetydevice.譯文：齒輪換擋裝置包括換檔桿、撥叉軸、換檔撥叉、保持架、換檔鎖和倒檔安全裝置。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesparkingorcoastingneutralpositiontractiveresistancecountershaftreversegearsplinedportionoftheshaftintheboreofthecrankshaftreversespeedsafetydeviceshiftleversphericalbulb停車或滑行空擋位牽引阻力中間軸反轉(zhuǎn)齒輪軸的花鍵部分曲軸孔內(nèi)倒檔速度安全裝置撥叉軸球形座孔I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.III.ExercisesII.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofthemanualtransmissionaccordingtothepicture.1-inputshaft;2-sleeve;3-outputshaft;4-reverseshaft;5-idlershaft;6-gearIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.Asweknow,anenginecan(generate)onlylimitedtorqueatlowspeeds.Drivingconditionisverycomplicatedandthisrequiresthe(tractive)effortandspeedvaryinalargescope.Andwithoutsufficient(torque),movingaheavilyloadedvehiclefromastandingstartisimpossible.Inanyengine,thecrankshaftalwaysrotatesinthesame(direction).Iftheengine(transmits)itspowerdirectlytothedriveaxles,thewheelscouldbe(driven)onlyinonedirection.Givenalevelroad,anautomobilewithoutatransmissioncouldbemadetomoveby(accelerating)theengineand(engaging)theclutch.However,astartundertheseconditionswouldbeslow,(noisy)anduncomfortable.Inaddition,itwouldplacea(tremendous)strainontheengineanddrivingpartsoftheautomobile.IV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Mostautomobilemanualtransmissionsallowthedrivertoselectanyforwardgearatanytime,butsome,suchasthosecommonlymountedonmotorcyclesandsometypesofracingcars,onlyallowthedrivertoselectthenext-higherornext-lowergearratio.Manualtransmissionsarecharacterizedbygearratiosthatareselectablebylockingselectedgearpairstotheoutputshaftinsidethetransmission.Contemporaryautomotivemanualtransmissionsaregenerallyavailablewithfourtosixforwardgearsandonereversegear,althoughmanualtransmissionshavebeenbuiltwithasfewastwoandasmanyaseightgears.1.大多數(shù)汽車的手動變速器，允許司機(jī)隨時選擇任意前進(jìn)檔位，但也有例外，安裝在摩托車和某些賽車上的手動變速器，只允許司機(jī)選擇次高檔或次低檔。2.手動變速器的特點主要是：傳動比的選擇由安裝在變速箱內(nèi)部與輸出軸相連的特定齒輪副確定。3.當(dāng)代汽車手動變速器一般設(shè)置四至六個前進(jìn)檔和一個倒檔，齒輪數(shù)一般有二至八個。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.變速器是用來改變發(fā)動機(jī)曲軸送到驅(qū)動軸的轉(zhuǎn)矩，完成倒車和在汽車長時間停車或滑行時分離發(fā)動機(jī)和動力傳動系統(tǒng)的裝置。2.變速器中間軸齒輪與主動齒輪是常嚙合的。3.換檔裝置通過變換齒輪嚙合，實現(xiàn)前進(jìn)檔、空檔和倒檔之間的變換。1.Thetransmissionisdesignedforchangingthetorquetransmittedfromtheenginecrankshafttothepropellershaft,reversingthevehiclemovementanddisengagingtheenginefromthedrivelineforalongtimeatparkingorcoasting.2.Theidlershaftgearandthedrivinggearareinconstantmesh.3.Thegearshiftmechanismcompletestheconversionamongforward,neutralandreversepositiontochangegearing.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.4AutomaticTransmission

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesHowmanymainunitsistheautomatictransmissiondividedinto?Whatarethey?Theautomatictransmissionisdividedintofivemainunits.Theyareplanetarygearsets,thehydraulicsystem,sealsandgaskets,thetorqueconverter,thegovernorandthemodulatororthrottlecable.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsWhat’sthefunctionofplanetarygearsets?Theplanetarygearsetsprovidesoverdrive,reverse,forwardreduction,neutral,anddirectdrive.

Pre-questionsWhat’sthefunctionofsealsandgasketsinautomatictransmission?Sealsandgasketsareusedtokeeptheoilwhereitissupposedtobeandpreventitfromleakingout.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-4PlanetaryGearSystem1-planetgear;2-sungear;3-ringgear;4-planetarycarrierAutomatictransmissioniseasytomanipulateinacrowdedvehicle,theycangreatlyimprovetrafficsafetyandreliability.譯文：自動變速器很容易操縱，在車輛擁擠時，可大大提高車輛行駛的安全性及可靠性。II.TextExplanationThebasicplanetarygearsetconsistsofasungear,aringgearandtwoormoreplanetgears,allremaininginconstantmesh.譯文：基本的行星齒輪裝置由一個太陽輪、一個齒圈和兩個或更多個行星齒輪組成，所有元件之間保持常嚙合狀態(tài)。II.TextExplanationThetorqueconvertercanchangethetwistingmotionoftheenginecrankshaft.譯文：液力變矩器可以改變發(fā)動機(jī)曲軸的扭轉(zhuǎn)運動

。

II.TextExplanationThehydraulicsystemisacomplexmazeofpassagesandtubesthatsendstransmissionfluidunderpressuretoallpartsofthetransmissionandtorqueconverter.譯文：液壓系統(tǒng)是個由復(fù)雜的通道和管道組成的迷宮，將一定壓力的傳動油送到變速器和液力變矩器內(nèi)的所有零件上。II.TextExplanationSealsandgasketstocontroltheflowofhydraulicfluidandtokeepitfromleakingout.譯文：密封圈和密封墊用來控制傳動液的流動并防止其泄漏。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesone-wayclutchthrottlevalvetorqueconverterplanetarygearpumpwheelfuel-efficienttopgearhydrauliccontrolcircuitclutchpackplanetarygearset單向離合器節(jié)氣門液力變矩器行星齒輪泵輪燃油效率高速檔液壓控制管路離合器壓盤行星齒輪組I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.III.ExercisesII.IdentifytheEnglishnamesofplanetarygearsystemaccordingtothepicture.1-planetarycarrier;2-sungear;3-planetgear;4-ringgearIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.Thekeydifferencebetweena(manual)andan(automatic)transmissionisthatthemanualtransmissionlocksandunlocksdifferentsetsofgearstothe(output)shafttoachievethevariousgearratios,whileinanautomatictransmission,thesamesetofgearsproducesallofthedifferentgearratios.Therearetwobasictypesofautomatictransmissionsbasedonwhetherthevehicleis(rear)wheeldriveor(front)wheeldrive.

Onarearwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisusually(mounted)tothebackoftheengine.

Adriveshaftconnectstherearofthetransmissiontothe(finaldrive)whichislocatedintherear(axle)andisusedtosend(power)totherearwheels.

Onafrontwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisusuallycombinedwiththefinaldrivetoformwhatiscalleda(transaxle).Frontaxlesareconnecteddirectlytothetransaxleandprovidepowertothefrontwheels.IV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Anautomatictransmissionisanautomobilegearboxthatcanchangegearratiosautomaticallyasthevehiclemoves,freeingthedriverfromhavingtoshiftgearsmanually.Mostautomatictransmissionshaveasetselectionofpossiblegearranges,oftenwithaparkingpawlfeaturethatwilllocktheoutputshaftofthetransmission.Somemachineswithlimitedspeedrangesorfixedenginespeeds,suchassomeforklifttrucksandlawnmowers,onlyuseatorqueconvertertoprovideavariablegearingoftheenginetothewheels.1.汽車行駛過程中，自動變速器可以自動改變傳動比，駕駛員不用手動換擋。2.大多數(shù)自動變速器都具有傳動比的選擇范圍，一般通過相應(yīng)棘爪鎖住變速器輸出軸實現(xiàn)傳動比的選擇。3.一些發(fā)動機(jī)極限轉(zhuǎn)速有限或轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定不變，例如一些叉車和割草機(jī)，這樣就只能使用液力變矩器來實現(xiàn)發(fā)動機(jī)與驅(qū)動輪之間的傳動比的變換。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.自動變速器由液力變矩器、行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)和液壓操縱機(jī)構(gòu)組成。2.液力變矩器的鎖止離合器位于渦輪前端，由鎖止活塞、減振盤和渦輪傳動板等組成。3.單排行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)通過固定不同的元件或改變聯(lián)鎖關(guān)系，可得出不同的傳動狀態(tài)。1.Theautomatictransmissionconsistsofhydraulictorqueconverter,planetarygearsetsandhydrauliccontrolsets.2.Locatedinfrontoftheturbine,thelockingclutchofthehydraulictorqueconverterconsistsoflockingpiston,shockabsorbersandturbinedriveplate.3.Singleplanetarygearsetprovidesdifferenttransmissionformsbyrivetingdifferentcomponentsorchanginginterlockingrelationship.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.5FinalDrive

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesWhat’sthefunctionofthefinaldrive?Thefinaldriveisthemaincomponentinthetransmissionlinetoreducespeedandincreasethetorque.Inthemeantimeitcanchangethedirectionoftorquewhenthemotorislongitudinal.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsHowdoesthefinaldrivework?Thefinaldrivedependsonthegearwheelwithlessnumberofteethdrivingtheotheronewithmoreteethtoachievetheretardment.Andtheuseofconicalgearalsocanchangethedirectionoftorque.Pre-questionsHowmanytypesdoesthefinaldrivehave?Whatarethey?Accordingtothenumberofsub-gearpairswhichtakepartintheretardment,thefinaldrivecanbedividedintosingle-stageandtwo-stagetype.Accordingtothenumberofsub-filesofthetransmissionratio,thefinaldrivecanbedividedintosinglespeedandtwo-speedtype.Accordingtothesub-structureofreductiongearpairs,thefinaldrivecanbedividedintothecylindricalgeartype,thebevelgeartype,thehypoidgeartypeandsoon.Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-5FinalDrive1-halfaxlegear;2-planetarygears;3-differentialhousing;4-ringgear;5-pinionItdependsonthegearwheelwithlessnumberofteethdrivingtheotheronewithmoreteethtoachieveretardment.譯文：它是依靠齒數(shù)少的齒輪帶動齒數(shù)多的齒輪來實現(xiàn)減速的。II.TextExplanationInordertomeetdifferentrequirementsoftheapplication,thestructuresoffinaldrivearedifferent.譯文：為滿足不同的使用要求，主減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)型式也是不同的。II.TextExplanationApartfromsomemediumandheavyvehicleswhichrequireoflargetransmissionratiousingtwo-stagemainreducer,thegeneralmicro-,lightandsomemediumonesusuallyadoptthesingle-stagemainreducer.譯文：除了一些要求大傳動比的中、重型車采用雙級主減速器外，一般微型、輕型和一些中型車通常都采用單級主減速器。

II.TextExplanationIntwo-stagemainreducer,ifthesecond-classgearsareinthevicinityofthewheel,thetwowheelsareinnature

twoindependentpartsknownasthewheelreducer.譯文：在雙級式主減速器中，若第二級齒輪在車輪附近，這兩個車輪實際上成了兩個相互獨立的部件，被稱為輪邊減速器。II.TextExplanationWhenthedrivegearaxismovesdownward,thelocationoftransmissionshaftcanbereduced,whichhelpstolowthevehiclebodyandthevehicle’scenterofgravity,improvingthevehiclestability.譯文：當(dāng)主動齒輪軸線向下偏移時，可以降低傳動軸的位置，從而有利于降低車身及整車重心高度，提高汽車的行駛穩(wěn)定性。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesmainreducersingle-stagemainreducerplanetarygearscylindricalgeardual-stagemainreducerwheelreducertransmissionratioauxiliarytransmissioncenterofgravityvehiclestability主減速器單級主減速器行星齒輪圓柱齒輪雙級主減速器輪邊減速器傳動比副變速器重心車輛穩(wěn)定性I.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.III.ExercisesII.IdentifytheEnglishnamesoffinaldriveaccordingtothepicture.1-ringgear;2-halfaxlegear;3-halfaxle;4-planetarygears;5-driveshaftIII.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.Thefinaldriveisusedto(transfer)theenginepowerfromthe(driveshaft)totherear(wheels).Inadditiontotransferringpower,itmustcausethepowertomakea90°(turn)betweenthedriveshaftandwheels,andprovidethe(correct)axleratio.Thereisnochoiceoffinaldriveratiosthatgivesthe“best”performanceatall(speeds).Thegearratiois(proportional)toratioofthegeardiametersand(nversely)proportionaltotheratioofgearspeeds.Thegearteethof(driven)geararemorethanthe(driving)gear.Therearemanytypesofgearshape,butthetypeofthedrivingandthedrivenmustbeconsistent.IV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Drivenbevelgearisfixedonthedifferentialshellwhilethedifferentialshellisfixedonthemainreducershellbytwotaperedrollerbearings.2.Thesetwobearingsinstalledintheholesofthemainreducerbearingshellandwaslevelaxialpositioned.3.Thegearratioistherelationshipbetweenthenumberofteethontwogearsthataremeshedortwosprocketsconnectedwithacommonrollerchain,orthecircumferencesoftwopulleysconnectedwithadrivebelt.1.從動錐齒輪安裝在差速器殼上，差速器殼通過兩個圓錐滾子軸承安裝在主減速器殼上。2.這兩個軸承安裝在主減速器軸承殼座孔內(nèi)，起軸向水平定位的作用。3.傳動比由如下三方面因素確定：兩嚙合齒輪的齒數(shù)、用滾子鏈連接的兩鏈輪齒數(shù)或用皮帶連接的兩皮帶輪周長。V.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.按主減速器傳動比檔數(shù)分，可分為單速式和雙速式兩種。2.目前采用的輪邊減速器，就是為滿足整個傳動系統(tǒng)匹配的需要，而增加的一套降速增扭的齒輪傳動裝置。3.主減速器是依靠齒數(shù)少的齒輪帶動齒數(shù)多的齒輪來實現(xiàn)減速的，采用圓錐齒輪傳動則可以改變轉(zhuǎn)矩旋轉(zhuǎn)方向。1.Accordingtothenumberofsub-filesofthetransmissionratio,thefinaldrivecanbedividedintosinglespeedandtwo-speedtype.2.Atpresent,inordertomeettheneedsofmatchingtheentiretransmissionsystem,thewheelreducerisaadditionalgearingmechanismwhichcanreducespeedandincreasetorque.3.Thefinaldrivedependsonthegearwheelwithlessnumberofteethdrivingtheotheronewithmoreteethtoachievereducingspeed,andtheuseofconicalgearalsocanchangethedirectionoftorque.ThankYou!UnitThree

3.6UniversalDrive

ContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesHowmanymainunitsdoestheuniversaldriveconsistof?Whatarethey?Theuniversaldriveconsistsoftheuniversaljoints,driveshaftandsupport.Diagramofcarshowingclutchlocation

Pre-questionsHowmanytypesdoestheuniversaljointhave?Theuniversaljointcanbedividedintorigidandflexiblejoint.Rigidjointcanbedividedintonon-constant-velocityjoint(commonlyusedforcross-axis),quasi-constant-velocityjoint(suchasdouble-typeuniversaljoint)andconstant-velocityjoint(suchasBallBasketdrive).Pre-questionsWhat’sthefunctionoftheuniversaljoint?Theuniversaljointisanangulatingmechanicalpowertransmissionfortheneedtochangethedirectionofshaftlineposition.

Pre-questionsII.TextExplanationFig.3-6UniversalDrive1-universaljoints;2–driveshaft;3-theformerdriveshaft;4-supportIntheautomotivetransmissionandothersystems,inordertoachieveanumberofaxesintersection,orrelativepositionofconstantlychangingbetweenthepowertransmissionshafts,universaldrivemustbeused.譯文：在汽車傳動系及其它系統(tǒng)中，為了實現(xiàn)一些軸線相交或相對位置經(jīng)常變化的轉(zhuǎn)軸之間的動力傳遞，必須采用萬向傳動裝置。II.TextExplanationUniversaldrivenormallyconsistsoftheuniversaljoints,driveshaftandsupport.譯文：萬向傳動裝置一般由萬向節(jié)、傳動軸和中間支承三部分組成

。II.TextExplanationUniversaljointsareangulatingmechanicalpowertransmissionfortheneedtochangethedirectionofshaftlineposition.譯文：萬向節(jié)是實現(xiàn)變角度動力傳遞的機(jī)件，用于滿足傳動軸方向改變的需要。II.TextExplanationThedriveshafthastowithstandthetorsionalstressesofthetransmittingtorque,andyetitmustbelightandwellbalancedsothatvibrationandwhipwillnotoccurathighspeeds.譯文：傳動軸必須要承受傳遞力矩時的扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力，重量要輕，要很好的平衡，這樣在高速時才不會發(fā)生振動和噪聲。II.TextExplanationAnintermediatesupportingstructureisinfactofabearingsupportandcushioninstalledinthebody(orframe),forsupportingoneendofshaft.譯文：中間支承結(jié)構(gòu)實際上是一個安裝在車身（或車架）上的軸承座和緩沖墊，用來支承傳動軸的一端。II.TextExplanationIII.Exercisesrigidjointsflexiblejointsnon-constant-velocityjointsquasi-c